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A comprehensive review of key concepts in operations management, covering topics such as inventory management, forecasting, quality control, lean manufacturing, and supply chain management. It includes multiple-choice, fill-in-the-blank, true/false, and multiple-response questions with detailed explanations, making it a valuable resource for students preparing for their midterms exam.
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Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
True/False Questions Rationale: Customer satisfaction is a key performance indicator in operations management.
Multiple Response Questions
Question: What is the primary goal of Six Sigma? ANS : Reducing defects to near zero Rationale: Six Sigma aims to achieve a level of quality where defects are statistically insignificant, effectively approaching zero. Question: Which of the following is a core principle of Theory of Constraints (TOC)? ANS : Identifying and eliminating bottlenecks Rationale: TOC focuses on identifying the most limiting factor in a system, known as the bottleneck, and then optimizing its performance to improve overall throughput. Question: Which of the following is a common method for forecasting demand in operations management? ANS : Moving average Rationale: The moving average method uses historical data to predict future demand by calculating the average of past observations. Question: What is the purpose of a Gantt chart? ANS : Visualizing project schedules and timelines Rationale: Gantt charts provide a visual representation of project tasks, their durations, and their dependencies, facilitating project planning and monitoring.
Fill-in-the-Blank Question: The __ is a statistical process control tool used to monitor the variation of a process over time. ANS : Control chart Rationale: Control charts visually track data points against predetermined control limits, indicating whether a process is in control or out of control. Question: __ is a technique for optimizing inventory levels by minimizing the sum of holding costs and ordering costs. ANS : Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Rationale: EOQ is a mathematical model that determines the optimal order quantity to minimize the total inventory-related costs. Question: __ is a type of layout where workstations are arranged in a sequence to facilitate the flow of work. ANS : Product layout Rationale: Product layouts are common in mass production settings, where products follow a standardized path through a series of workstations. Question: __ is a process improvement methodology that focuses on eliminating non-value-adding activities. ANS : Value stream mapping
Question: The bullwhip effect is a phenomenon that amplifies demand fluctuations as they move up the supply chain. ANS : True Rationale: The bullwhip effect describes the increasing variability in demand as information moves from downstream to upstream in the supply chain. Question: Total Quality Management (TQM) is a philosophy that emphasizes continuous improvement and customer satisfaction. ANS : True Rationale: TQM promotes a culture of quality throughout the organization, focusing on meeting customer expectations and fostering ongoing improvement. Question: A service blueprint is a visual representation of the customer journey and the supporting processes. ANS : True Rationale: Service blueprints map out the customer experience and the internal processes involved in delivering the service. Multiple Response Question: Which of the following are benefits of using a simulation model in operations management?
ANS : Testing different scenarios, Identifying bottlenecks, Evaluating alternative strategies Rationale: Simulation models allow for experimentation with different scenarios, identifying potential bottlenecks, and evaluating the effectiveness of alternative strategies. Question: Which of the following are key elements of a successful supply chain management strategy? ANS : Collaboration, Visibility, Agility, Responsiveness Rationale: Successful supply chain management requires collaboration among stakeholders, visibility across the chain, agility to adapt to changes, and responsiveness to customer needs. Question: Which of the following are examples of lean tools and techniques? ANS : 5S, Kanban, Poka-yoke, Value stream mapping Rationale: These tools and techniques are commonly used in lean manufacturing to eliminate waste, improve efficiency, and enhance quality. Question: Which of the following are common types of inventory costs? ANS : Holding costs, Ordering costs, Shortage costs Rationale: Inventory costs include the cost of holding inventory, placing orders, and experiencing stockouts. Question: Which of the following are key considerations in facility layout design?
C) Producing items in large batches for cost efficiency D) Adding unnecessary inventory to expedite production Correct ANS : A Rationale: Just-in-Time production focuses on minimizing inventory and producing goods only as needed, which increases efficiency and reduces waste. Which of the following is NOT a Lean Manufacturing principle? A) Continuous improvement B) Waste elimination C) Just-in-Time delivery D) High inventory levels Correct ANS : D Rationale: Lean Manufacturing principles advocate for waste elimination and continuous improvement, while high inventory levels contradict these principles by increasing waste. In the context of Supply Chain Management, which element is considered the backbone?
A) Logistics B) Marketing C) Production D) Procurement Correct ANS : A Rationale: Logistics is essential in Supply Chain Management as it involves the efficient flow and storage of goods from origin to consumption. Which forecasting method relies heavily on historical data? A) Qualitative forecasting B) Time series forecasting C) Causal forecasting D) Judgmental forecasting Correct ANS : B Rationale: Time series forecasting analyzes past data patterns to predict future demand, making it data-driven and reliant on historical data.
Rationale: The PDCA cycle is a continuous improvement model that helps teams systematically test changes to processes. _____ is the phenomenon where the output of a process is less than the sum of its parts due to inefficiencies. Correct ANS : Negative Synergy Rationale: Negative synergy occurs when integrating components fails to produce the desired efficiency, resulting in waste. True/False Questions True or False: Operations Management only deals with the manufacturing sector. Correct ANS : False Rationale: Operations Management applies to various sectors, including services, healthcare, and logistics, not just manufacturing. True or False: The Theory of Constraints focuses on identifying and resolving bottlenecks to improve system performance. Correct ANS : True Rationale: The Theory of Constraints emphasizes the importance of identifying bottlenecks to optimize the entire production flow.
True or False: Total Quality Management (TQM) emphasizes individual employee contribution over teamwork. Correct ANS : False Rationale: TQM promotes teamwork and collective responsibility for quality at all organizational levels. True or False: A service blueprint is only applicable in manufacturing environments. Correct ANS : False Rationale: Service blueprints are essential in service sectors to visualize service processes and customer interactions. True or False: ERP systems primarily focus on integrating financial and marketing activities. Correct ANS : False Rationale: ERP systems integrate various business processes, including finance, supply chain, manufacturing, and human resources. Multiple Response Questions