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Business/Economics Discussion Questions, ECO - 202, Assignments of Business Economics

Business/Economics Discussion Questions, ECO - 202

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2022/2023

Available from 07/06/2023

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Case Assignment Discussion Paper
Trident University International ECO 202
Business/Economics Discussion Questions
Are credit cards or debit cards money? Explain your answer.
In explaining this, it is necessary to understand what money means. Money is a
medium of exchange that one uses to purchase goods and services or that one can
hold as a store of value. Depending on how liquid money is, three broad classes of
money are M1, M2, and M3. M1 refers to currency in the hands of the public including
demand deposits, travelers’ checks that can be checks in writing (Lumen Learning, n.d).
Besides, M2 includes M1, time deposits of fewer than hundred thousand dollars, savings
account, and balances in retail money market mutual funds. In addition, M 3 includes M2,
large denomination of money up to more than a hundred thousand dollars time
deposits, Eurodollars at the hands of US residents at foreign branches of US banks,
and all banks in United Kingdom and Canada, balances in institutional money funds and
repurchase liabilities.
Debit card operates like a check because it involves an instruction to the user’s
bank to transfer a specific amount of money directly from their bank account to the
seller. Furthermore, debit card is more of a paper check rather than a checkable deposit
thus it is not part of money supply. On the other hand, credit card is an equivalent of a
short-term loan that involves transfer of money by the credit card company from its
checking account to the seller once the cardholder makes a purchase with the credit
card (Lumen Learning, n.d). The credit card company then sends the credit card bill for
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Case Assignment Discussion Paper Trident University International ECO 202 Business/Economics Discussion Questions Are credit cards or debit cards money? Explain your answer. In explaining this, it is necessary to understand what money means. Money is a medium of exchange that one uses to purchase goods and services or that one can hold as a store of value. Depending on how liquid money is, three broad classes of money are M 1 , M 2 , and M 3. M 1 refers to currency in the hands of the public including demand deposits, travelers’ checks that can be checks in writing (Lumen Learning, n.d). Besides, M 2 includes M 1 , time deposits of fewer than hundred thousand dollars, savings account, and balances in retail money market mutual funds. In addition, M 3 includes M 2 , large denomination of money up to more than a hundred thousand dollars time deposits, Eurodollars at the hands of US residents at foreign branches of US banks, and all banks in United Kingdom and Canada, balances in institutional money funds and repurchase liabilities. Debit card operates like a check because it involves an instruction to the user’s bank to transfer a specific amount of money directly from their bank account to the seller. Furthermore, debit card is more of a paper check rather than a checkable deposit thus it is not part of money supply. On the other hand, credit card is an equivalent of a short-term loan that involves transfer of money by the credit card company from its checking account to the seller once the cardholder makes a purchase with the credit card (Lumen Learning, n.d). The credit card company then sends the credit card bill for

a particular month to the cardholder to pay. Debit cards and credit cards do not fall under M 1 , M 2 and M 3 categories of money thus are not part of money supply but are different ways of moving money when making purchases. When the Fed makes an open market purchase of government securities, the quantity of money will eventually decrease by a fraction of the initial change in the monetary base. Is the previous statement correct or incorrect? Explain your answer. This statement is incorrect. The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) is responsible for implementing monetary policies. The FOMC buys and sells government securities to increase or decrease the money supply in the economy; this refers to open market operations. During a recession, the Fed will seek to increase the supply of money in the economy with a goal of lowering federal funds rate. To increase the money supply in the economy, the FOMC will purchase securities from the banks and other financial institutions (The Balance, 2020). This will increase the amount of money that banks and financial institutions have on hand. The banks will then use the funds acquired from the sale to lend to businesses or individuals thus leading to high demand for money. The government participating in the open market will lead to an increase in the monetary base because the total amount of currency in the hands of the public will increase in circulation. Monetary policy is action taken by the Fed to influence the level of real GDP. Suppose the Fed wants to increase the money supply. What three tools could the Fed use to achieve this goal?

relates to a decrease in the supply of money that lowers the real GDP. The Fed rarely changes reserve requirements thus it is a highly inelastic monetary policy tool. In addition, open market operations is the purchasing and selling of US government securities by the Fed. This is a reliable tool in achieving any monetary policy objective. The Fed buys from or sells securities to commercial banks. When the Fed buys securities, it adds cash to the commercial banks’ reserves thus gives banks more money to lend to customers or businesses. On the other hand, when Fed sells securities to the commercial banks, it reduces cash that commercial banks hold hence will have less money to lend to customers and businesses. Fed buys securities when it wants expansionary monetary policy and sells securities when it wants contractionary monetary policy. This tool is a direction of the FOMC and carried out by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (The Balance, 2020). Buying of securities by the Fed increases the supply of real money balances that leads to an increase in the real GDP and selling of the securities leads to a decrease in the supply real money balances that translates to a decrease in the real GDP.

References The Balance. (2020, February 13). 3 tools banks use to control the world economy. https://www.thebalance.com/monetary-policy-tools-how-they-work- 3306129 Lumen Lerning. (n.d.). Measuring money: Currency, M1, and M2 | Macroeconomics. Lumen Learning – Simple Book Production. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-macroeconomics/chapter/ measuring-money-currency-m1-and-m2/