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Programming for Problem Solving (PPS)

Operators

Topics

• Operators

• Precedence and Associativity

Types Of Operators

• Arithmetic

• Relational

• Logical

• Bitwise

• Assignment

• Increment/Decrement

• Conditional

• Special Operators

Arithmetic

OPERATION OPERATOR SYNTAX COMMENT RESULT Multiply * a * b result = a * b 27 Divide / a / b result = a / b 3 Addition + a + b result = a + b 12 Subtraction - a - b result = a – b 6 Modulus % a % b result = a % b 0 For a=9, b=

Logical

OPERATOR MEANING EXAMPLE && LOGICAL AND (6>5) && (7>9) GIVES 0 || LOGICAL OR (6>5) || (7>9) GIVES 1 ! LOGICAL NOT !(6>5) GIVES 0

Bitwise

OPERATOR MEANING EXAMPLE & BITWISE AND 5 & 6 GIVES 4 0101 & 0110 = 0100 | BITWISE OR 5 | 6 GIVES 7 ^ BITWISE X-OR 5 ^ 6 GIVES 3 << BITWISE LEFT SHIFT 5<<2 GIVES 20

BITWISE RIGHT SHIFT 5>>2 GIVES 1 ~ BITWISE NOT ~6 GIVES -

Increment/Decrement

OPERATOR MEANING EXAMPLE ++ INCREMENT A++ INCREMENTS THE VALUE OF A TO 1 -- DECREMENT A– DECREMENTS THE VALUE OF A TO 1

Conditional

OPERATOR MEANING EXAMPLE ? : TERNARY OPERATOR A>B?A:B

Precedence and Associativity

Precedence and Associativity

• Precedence of the operators describe about the

order of evaluation of the operators.

• Operators are grouped together and each group is

given a precedence level.

• Operators of higher precedence are always

evaluated first.

• Precedence is always applied before associativity.

• When two or more operators have the same

precedence level, then they are evaluated either

left-to-right or right-to-left.

Operator Description Associativity Precedence Level +

- Addition operator Subtraction operator Left-to-right 4 >> << Right shift operator Left shift operator Left-to-right 5 **< <=

=** Less than Less than or equal operator Greater than

Greater than or equal to Left-to-right 6 == != Equal to Not equal to Left-to-right 7 & Bitwise AND (^) Left-to-right 8 ^ Bitwise XOR (^) Left-to-right 9 | Bitwise OR (^) Left-to-right 10 && Logical AND (^) Left-to-right 11 || Logical OR (^) Left-to-right 12

? : Conditional operator^ Right-to-Left 13

**Operator Description Associativity Precedence Level

= /= %= += -= &= ^= |= <<= >>=* Assignment operator Right-to-Left 14 , Comma operator^ Left-to-right^15

Quiz

• (^) If k=5, then value of variable x after the execution of a C statement x= k++ will be a. 6 b. 5 c. Randomly any one of the above d. Value of x will not depend on k Ans: b
• (^) The operator && is a symbol of ________ operator.
• (^) << is a symbol of ___________ operator.
• (^) Arithmetic operators can be combined with assignment operators to form new operators in C. a. True b. False Ans: a

Logical AND

Bitwise Left Shift

FAQ’s