C++ Syntax (Cheat Sheet)
------------------------
Terms in <> are tokens which describe generically what goes in there. All
other terms are literally themselves.
EXAMPLE: <name> = <expression> represents
x = 5 or
name = "John" + "Stewman"
Also, a <statement> can be a function call, an assignment statement, an
if or if-else statement, a while or do-while loop, a switch statement, a for loop, etc.
// comment
/* another comment */
bool int float char long short string // types
'a' 124 -25.0 1.33e5 "hello" true // literal constants (values)
+ - / * % // arithmetic operations
< <= > >= == != // comparison operations
&& || ! // boolean operations
<statement>; <statement>; ... // statements
#include < <library_name> > // include file directive
#include "stuff.h" // include header file directive
using namespace <name> // namespace directive
enum <name> { <value_name_list> }; // enumeration definition
<name>, <name>, <name>, ... // value name list
#define <name> <value> // defined constant compiler directive
const <type> <name> = <value>; // constant definition
<type> <name>, <name>, ... ; // object definition(s)
<type> <name> = <value>; // object definition and initialization
<type> <name> ( <value> ); // another object defn & initialization
<element_type> <name> [ <number_of_elements> ]; // array declaration
<type> <name> ( <formal_parameter_list> ); // function prototype
<type> <name>, <type> <name>, ... // formal parameter list
<type> <name> ( <formal_parameter_list> ) // function definition
{
<definitions>
<statements>
}
<function_name> ( <actual_parameters> ); // call to void function
// call to (or use of) function which returns a value
<name> = <function_name> ( <actual_parameters> );
<name>, <name>, ... // actual parameters
{ // block -- can replace ANY statement
<definitions> // has its own LOCAL SCOPE
<statements>
}
