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Cambridge Platonists and Colonialism
Study Part 2 Plato Exam with Answers.
Complete the paragraph about social Darwinism. Social Darwinism helped to justify _____ by suggesting that it is natural and acceptable for powerful and wealthy nations to colonize regions that are less powerful. _____ nations used this theory to justify the practice of political, economic, and cultural colonialism. - Answer: ✔✔imperialism, European Which two imperialist nations controlled the most territory in Africa? - Answer: ✔✔- France
- Great Britain What were two reasons that Europeans ventured into Africa? - Answer: ✔✔
- to find natural resources
- to seek out new markets for European goods Arrange the events in chronological order. - Answer: ✔✔
- Europe embarks on an age of exploration.
- Britain and Spain establish colonies in North and South America.
- The Industrial Revolution leads to the rapid increase of industries in Europe.
- European nations begin establishing colonies in Africa. Match each characteristic of imperialism with indirect or direct control.
- Answer: ✔✔direct control
- placed heavy restrictions on the local population
- forced the local population to adapt to European culture
- did not give the local population positions in government
- gave the local population no rights indirect control
- allowed the local population to participate in government
- offered some rights to the local population What did the Meiji reformers want to retain, despite their quest for modernization? - Answer: ✔✔traditional values Match the historical individuals to their characteristics. - Answer: ✔✔the first president of the Republic of China - > Sun Yat-Sen launched the 100 Days of Reform - > Emperor Guangxu
Which country was declared a US protectorate under the Platt Amendment? - Answer: ✔✔Cuba What was the main reason for building the Suez Canal? - Answer: ✔✔increasing European trade with the Middle East and Asia Match each term to its description. - Answer: ✔✔British action to gain control over the Suez canal - > occupation of Egypt a group of reformists that focused on nationalism - > Young Turks the result of a desire to protect Orthodox Christians under Ottoman rule - > Crimean War a name for the Ottoman Empire during of its weakened state - > Sick Man of Europe a consequence of bias against non-Turks - > Armenian genocide What were two ways that the idea of total war was used in World War I? - Answer: ✔✔- Governments equipped, transported, and supported millions of troops.
- Governments raised taxes to help pay for the war effort.
According to the following graph, what is true about casualties during World War I? - Answer: ✔✔Germany suffered the most casualties in World War I. Identify the reason each country wanted to go to war in the years before and during World War I. - Answer: ✔✔wanted to be an independent nation - > Serbia wanted to expand the nation's territory in Europe - > Germany wanted to seek revenge against those who had assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand - > Austria-Hungary wanted to regain territory that the country lost in a previous war - > France Match the descriptions to the Bolsheviks or the Mensheviks. - Answer: ✔✔Bolsheviks :
- believed that revolution was the only way to bring about change
- led by Vladimir Lenin
- joined the Red Army during the Russian Revolution Mensheviks :
Which event in the Soviet Union involved the arrest of millions of Communist Party members, military officers, clergy, and intellectuals? - Answer: ✔✔Great Purge In the 1920s, many people in the United States favored a policy of _____ to keep the nation _____ with other nations. - Answer: ✔✔isolationism, out of war Which country signed a non-aggression pact with an Axis power at the start of the World War II but later sided with the Allies? - Answer: ✔✔Soviet Union The Tripartite Agreement served as a warning to which country? - Answer: ✔✔United States With whom did Germany sign a non-aggression pact to avoid unnecessary confrontation while marching into eastern Europe? - Answer: ✔✔Soviet Union Match each Allied nation with the pact or agreement that it signed. - Answer: ✔✔United States - > Lend-Lease Act Soviet Union - > non-aggression pact
Britain - > Munich Agreement Select the correct word or phrase to complete this paragraph about the North African campaign. The Allied forces fought against German forces in Egypt in the _____. The first battle was fought in 1942. The German army was commanded by _____. Both sides tried to take the offensive position. However, the British had an advantage because they had devised a method to break German _____. As a result, they were able to stay ahead of the German forces. - Answer: ✔✔Battle of El Alamein, General Erwin Rommel, code What were two immediate effects of the attack on Pearl Harbor? - Answer: ✔✔- Many young American men enlisted in the army.
- Employment rose in US factories producing war supplies. What was German leader Adolf Hitler's main purpose in fighting World War II? - Answer: ✔✔He wanted to create a German Empire by gaining complete control over Europe. What was the aim of Operation Torch, which was launched by the Allies? - Answer: ✔✔to free French North Africa from German control
- They allowed doctors to conduct medical experiments on the imprisoned Jews. Match the causes with their effects on Jews in western and eastern Europe between the fifteenth and nineteenth centuries. - Answer: ✔✔Jews were deprived of employment and were forced to live in poverty. - > During the Middle Ages, Christian leaders in Europe blamed the ancient Jews for the death of Jesus Christ. Jews were granted citizenship as well as opportunities in education and trade. - > Western European countries had a tolerant outlook toward religion, culture, and traditions because of the rationalism of the Enlightenment. Jews were subjected to violent attacks called pogroms. - > Anti- Semitism continued to exist in Eastern Europe and Russia. _____ were instrumental in the Allies' victory in the Pacific war against Japan. The Allies _____ more than 60 Japanese cities. The loss of wartime factories diminished Japan's ability to fight back. - Answer: ✔✔Air raids, bombed The inhumane and unfair treatment suffered by ______ in World War II prompted world leaders to take steps to protect human rights. In 1948, the _____ of the United Nations formally approved the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, a declaration that upholds human dignity
and equality. - Answer: ✔✔civilians and war prisoners, General Assembly Identify the island nation that the Allies fought to liberate in the Battle of Leyte. - Answer: ✔✔Philippines Which principle did the Allies adopt in the Atlantic Charter to prevent nations from threatening world peace? - Answer: ✔✔disarming aggressive nations How did the Soviet Union help the Chinese communists? - Answer: ✔✔by supporting Mao Zedong What are two ways that the Soviet people lost their freedom due to communism in the Soviet Union? - Answer: ✔✔- People read, saw, and heard only what the government desired.
- Leaders came to power through secret internal power struggles. Which event did the Soviet Union fear during the Cold War? - Answer: ✔✔Capitalist nations would eventually destroy the Soviet Union. How does democracy ensure the well-being of the people? - Answer: ✔✔Laws are created to protect civil rights.
By what means were the satellite states kept under control by the Soviets? - Answer: ✔✔military and secret police Which occupying country sought to strip Germany of its industry after World War II? - Answer: ✔✔Soviet Union Why was Mao Zedong's communist China ready to use military tactics against the troops of US general Douglas MacArthur in Korea? - Answer: ✔✔US troops kept marching farther into North Korea, getting closer to the Chinese border. The United States and the Soviet Union used the concept of rocket propulsion in combination with nuclear weapons during the Cold War. Which country had originally used rocket propulsion to its advantage during World War II? - Answer: ✔✔Germany Match the causes of technological developments during the Cold War with their effects. - Answer: ✔✔Skilled pilots were no longer in demand for war purposes. - > The United States and the Soviet Union started manufacturing guided missiles. Airplanes became lighter as well as faster. - > The United States and the Soviet Union started manufacturing airplanes with jet engines.
Arrange the events that took place in Korea in the correct sequence. - Answer: ✔✔1. The North Korean army invaded South Korea.
- Syngman Rhee's forces in South Korea faltered against the invasion.
- US troops returned to defend South Korea.
- North Korean forces were pushed from South Korea back into North Korea.
- Communist China felt threatened and joined in the warfare. The ______ economic system of government in Eastern Europe led to the improper use of resources. East Germany's only car, the unreliable ______ , was an example of the inferior quality of goods manufactured in the satellite states. - Answer: ✔✔command, Trabant After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, the popular political leader _____ went on to become the president of _____. - Answer: ✔✔Boris Yeltsin, Russia Arrange the events that led to the independence of Poland in the correct order. - Answer: ✔✔1. Lech Walesa started the Solidarity organization by combining labor unions.
- The communist government in Poland declared martial law, banned Solidarity, and arrested Lech Walesa.
- The government released Lech Walesa due to endless public protests.
- Pope John Paul II visited Lech Walesa and gave him advice.
What was one of the goals of the Muslim League? - Answer: ✔✔to promote the rights of Muslims in India What activist was barred from becoming president after successfully winning an election? - Answer: ✔✔Aung San Suu Kyi Place the following events in chronological order. - Answer: ✔✔1. World War II ends.
- India gains independence from the British.
- East Pakistan is declared the independent nation of Bangladesh.
- Corazon Aquino is elected president of the Philippines. Why did students gather in Tiananmen Square on June 4, 1989? On June 4, 1989, students gathered in Tiananmen Square to mourn the death of the pro-reform leader _____. - Answer: ✔✔Hu Yaobang Why did some people in China consider Mao Zedong a despot? - Answer: ✔✔The Chinese Communist Party harassed and tortured people who were against Mao's ideas.
Read the following excerpt on the Tiananmen Square protests. Then answer the question that follows. June 4, 2014, marked the 25th anniversary of the Tiananmen Square protests. On this day in 1989, a large number of students were gunned down by the People's Liberation Army for demanding their rights. Years after the massacre, China still refuses to speak about the incident. It has banned any discussions about Tiananmen Square. Chinese school textbooks do not mention anything about this event that changed China's future. Recently, when a journalist showed the image of the Tank Man to students in Beijing, China, very few recognized the image. Based on the excerpt, what can you infer about China's memories of Tiananmen Square? - Answer: ✔✔China wants to wipe out memories of the Tiananmen Square incident. In the 1960s, the United States and the Soviet Union were indirectly involved in a war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. What type of war was it? - Answer: ✔✔proxy war Which statement best describes Africa after World War II? - Answer: ✔✔Nationalism inspired independence movements in many African nations. Examine the image and answer the question that follows.
Which statement is true about Argentina and El Salvador in the second half of twentieth century? - Answer: ✔✔They were ruled by military juntas. Identify whether the following individuals were Arab or Israeli leaders. - Answer: ✔✔Arab Leader :
- Yasser Arafat
- Anwar Sadat
- Gamal Abdel Nasser Israeli Leader :
- Yitzhak Rabin
- David Ben-Gurion
- Golda Meir What does the overthrow of the Iranian shah and the 1979 hostage crisis in Iran best demonstrate? - Answer: ✔✔anti-American feelings What was one of the conditions that Iraq had to fulfill at the end of the Persian Gulf War? - Answer: ✔✔Iraq would allow inspections for weapons of mass destruction in the country. Arrange the events in chronological order. - Answer: ✔✔1. Suez War
- Six-Day War
- Yom Kippur War
- Camp David Accords
- Oslo Accords Complete the following sentence about the effects of economic globalization. Advances in transportation allow companies to source cheaper raw materials from foreign nations. This decreases the _____ of production and allows _____ to manufacture a higher volume of goods. - Answer: ✔✔cost, producers Economic globalization has worked in favor of consumers. Because of intense _____, producers strive to offer the best quality at the lowest price. Therefore, consumers get more value for their money. They have the option of buying _____ products if they are unhappy with domestic products. - Answer: ✔✔competition, foreign Which of the following trade agreements or organizations doesn't include the United States? - Answer: ✔✔European Union (EU) Match each scenario with a concept related to regulation of international trade. - Answer: ✔✔cartel - > a trade organization that dominates trade by
