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CAMRT Exam Prep With Complete Solution
examples of airborne precautions SARS, TB, varicella, measles examples of droplet diseases flu, mumps, meningitis, pneumonia examples of contact diseases MRSA, staph, e. coli, c. diff what should you make certain before you move/slide a patient? make certain the patient identity and evaluate the patient's ability to assist how many people does it take for log roll? at least 3 people body temperature for adults 97.8-99 degrees Fahrenheit (37 celcius) body temperature for infants 99-99.7 deg fahrenheit normal pulse for adults 60-90 beats per min normal pulse for infants 120 bpm
normal respirations for adults 15-20 breaths per min
normal respirations for infants
30-60 breaths per min
regular blood pressure for adults less than 120/
regular blood pressure for teens 85-130/45-
signs of shock cold and clammy skin
- SOB
- nausea
- increased heart rate
- decreased blood pressure
what is a deterministic effect An effect that has a threshold dose, below this dose, nothing happens
examples of deterministic effects Skin erythema, epilation, cataracts
what organ receives the greatest dose of radiation? the skin
cells able to repair from radiation damage? Yes, about 90% of the time
AP Oblique L-Spines demonstrate what? the Z-joints of the side in contact
what does the Townes projection best demonstrate? dorsum sellae
Caldwell: If you can only get the IOML to coincide, what is the best thing to do? add an extra 8deg caudad
Caldwell: if the AML is perpendicular to the IR how can you correct this? tuck the chin
what line should you use for a shallow waters? the AML is perpendicular to the IR (OML 50 deg to IR)
what is the line you should use for a waters? MML parallel to IR (OML 37deg from vertical)
what projection best demonstrates all sinuses? lateral
what projection best demonstrates frontal sinuses? PA Caldwell
Types of CVC's
- Non-tunneled
- tunneled
- PICC's
What are non-tunneled CVC's and where should they reside used for fast injections of medications
- inserted via subclavian/jugular veins on the right side and reside around SVC
what are tunneled catheters for? for chemo/dialysis
types of tunneled catheters Hickman, Broviac, Permacath
Difference between CVC and tunneled catheter A tunneled catheter will curve between the heart and insertion site
landmark for SVC approx 2cm above carina
an oblique fracture at the base of MC1 from hyperextension
Colles fracture distal radius is broken by falling onto an outstretched hand
- hand is brought posterior
smiths fracture fracture of the distal radius with volar displacement
- radius is displaced posteriorly
signs and symptoms of osteoporosis loss of height and back pain
somatic effect effects that appear to the individual exposed
genetic effect Radiation effect that is passed on to future generations
stochastic effect low levels over a long period of time
deterministic effect high levels over a short period of time
- severity increases with dose
if no lead, how far from the portable should you stand for a CXR? 3m away from portable
where is scatter more present: the entrance or exit of the patient the entrance of the patient
how can you reduce scatter -lead shielding -lower II as close to patient as possible -collimate -tube head filters
minimum lead size for thyroid collar 0.50 mm
minimum lead size for gloves 0.25 mm, dose limit for radiation workers
mA accuracy range within 20% or below 600 mAs
what should the repeat analysis range be within? within 5% monthly
what does the direct square law focus on? mAs and SID
what does the inverse square law relate to? intensity/exposure (mR)
what are factors that affect scatter?
- kVp
- tissue size
- collimation
which of the following will yield a better image with a higher or lower SNR? higher SNR
what is synostosis? Abnormal fusion between adjacent bones following a trauma
internal rotation of the shoulder will demonstrate which of the following?
the lesser tubercle in profile medially
neutral rotation of the shoulder will demonstrate which of the following? the GT and LT superimpose
what is the most common type of shoulder dislocation? anterior dislocation
outlet view beam angles
- Males 20 -35 degrees cephalad
- Females 35-45 degrees cephalad
Does raw data require more computer storage than image data?
does raw data have hounsfield units assigned? No, because the data has not been sectioned to create pixels yet (once assigned, it is image data)
what is image reconstruction> the process of using raw data to create an image
There must be a clinician order
to be distinctively different, what HU range should 2 tissues have? 10 HU difference
what is prednisone? Corticosteroid for anti-inflammation - taken 6 hours prior to CT scan in case of contrast reaction
describe metformin related to CT imaging The most serious adverse effect of metformin therapy is the potential for the development of lactic acidosis
- Metformin therapy can resume after 2 days, assuming renal function is normal
AVID HU range for non-equilibrium phase 10-30 HU
what determines fatty liver disease if the liver is less than 10 HU from the spleen, it is a fatty liver
Most common area to measure bone density L spine, hip, forearm
if a patient has a prosthesis/ pinning, can you perform a BMD? no
contraindication for BMD Not indicated for females below the age of 65 or around the time of menopause
examples of antianxiety drugs Valium (Diazepan), Ativan (lorazepam), and Versed (midazolam)
Examples of Antiarrhythmics propranolol (ends in LOL
what do thrombolytic drugs end in? -ase
examples of anticoagulants heparin, warfarin (orally), plavix, aspirin
the direct square law calculates what? uses mAs and SID to calculate a new mAs
What types of hepatitis have vaccines? Hep A and Hep B
what types of hepatitis are transmitted via bodily fluids B and C
what type of hepatitis is the main cause of sclerosis? hepatitis C
true
what is an MRT's legal responsibilities?
- do not provide diagnostic results
- obtain NCP
- obtain history
- identify patient properly
what is an MRT's legal responsibilities covered by? the patient bill of rights and patient care partnership
intentional tort is also known as what? assault and battery
unintentional tort is also known as what? negligence
examples of intentional tort
- immoblilization
- defamation of character
- severe mental distress
examples of indirect tort
- using an incorrect marker
- failing to use Pb if it is indicated
if a consent is not obtained, what could happen? battery may be filed
if a patient has a cast, what should you do? circular check every 15 minutes
when undressing a patient, which side is undressed first? the less involved side first
low WW = _________ contrast high contrast
what does the P wave represent? atrial depolarization (contraction)
HVL in mm for 70kV 2.5 mm
The minimum HVL for an x-ray machine operated at 100 kVp is? 3.6 mm
Minimum HVL for 80 kVp 2.9 mm
As HVL increases, what happens to kVp and quality? kVp and quality both increase
When should you use T-score? for post menopausal women and men over the age of 50
When do you use Z-score? for pre menopausal women and men UNDER age of 50
Z- score within expected range
-2.
Z-score below expected range <-2.
Normal T-score -1.0 and above
Osteopenia thinner than average bone density
Osteopenia T-score between -1 and -2.
