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- CAMRT EXAMS PRACTICE GUIDE
How far away must the operator stand from the xray tube if not covered with lead? — CC R-3 meters ANSWER-Medical Radiography and Dental For cach peak xray voltage, what lead equivalent is required? 100k¥ or less (0-100) Between 101kV-149kV 150k¥ or greater (150+) - Q-100k¥ = 0,25mm of lead Greater than 100kY but less then 150kV = 0.35mm of lead 150k¥ or greater = 0.50mm of lead What protective equipment is required during interventional procedures — C + front panels and 0.25mm pb in the back panels Full wrap around proteclive gowns of 0.50mm pb in the Thyroid shields with an cquivalent of 0.50mm of pb Lead drapes/curtains mounted Lo IT of 0.25mm of pb al 100ky What lead equivalent must protective gloves/ gauntlels possess? — CORR R-0.25mm of pb What lead equivalent must ceiling mounted lead screens and moveable shiclds provide? — CORRECT ANSWER-0.30mm of pb What are the annual radiation dose limits for radiation workers? — ( A R-Whole body= 20mSv Lens of eye= 150mSv Skin = 500mSv Hands = 150mSv All other organs = 500mSv¥ For pregnant women an effective dose of 4 mSv must be applied for the remainder of the pregnancy from all sources What are the annual radiation dose limits to members of the public? — C. R —-Whole body = ImSv Lens of the cye= 1lomSv Skin = 50mSv Hands = 50mSy All other organs = 50mSy «these also apply for students* -wilh aulomatic intensity control —without AIC - CORRECT ANSWER—Not equipped with ATC: 50mGy/min With AIC: 100mGy/min The air kerma rate must nol exceed from scaltered radiation of radioscopic ER-2 mGy/h equipment — HVT. of Aluminum for given tube voltages? (7Ok¥-150kV) — CORRECT ANS —7O: 2.5mm 80: 2.9mm 90: 3.2mm 100: 3.6mm 110: 3.9mm 120: 4.3mm 130: 4.7mm 140: 5.0mm 150: 5.4mm How frequently should TP's and casscttes be cleaned and inspected? — CORRECT ANSWER-Cleaned: monthly Visual inspection: Weekly —Meter operation (all) —Equipment condition (all) —System movements (fluora) —Visual assessment of electronic display devices (all) What are weekly QC tests for CR/DR/Fluoro/CT equipment — CORRECT ANS —-— Visual inspection of cleanliness of system (all) —Laser film printer operation (all) —CT # accuracy —CT noise —CT uniformity ——-Casselle. screen. IP plate cleaning (CR) —Retake analysis (CR/DR) —Eleetronic display device performance (all) —Laser film printer operation (all) -CT slice thickness -CT # calibration —CT # linearity What should the monthly retake analysis be below? — CORRECT ANSWER— Flexion/ Extension views of the C spine assess? — CORR Anteroposterior mobility ANSWER-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography 1. Diagnose biliary and pancreatic pathological condilions 2, Investigate gallbladder, CBD, pancreatic ducts, and intervention Test tool used to test focal spot — CORRECT ANSWER-—Slit camera, pinhole camera, star pattern State the line focus principle - CORRECT ANSWER—By angling the anode target the effective focal spot is made much smaller than the actual focal spot What are the effects of a smaller anode angle? (more vertical) — C A ——-Smaller effective focal spot —Better spatial resolution —More anode heel effect —Smaller max size of collimation —The height of the lead strips Re divided by the distance between lead strips Ratio = h/D 8:1 / air gap: 2 bits 12:1 grid: 2.5 bits SID bil conversions — CC ER-100em—> 122m; 0.5 bit 100cm—>180cm: 1.5 bit 122cm—> 180cm: 1 bit sovery 25cm change is a 0.5 bit changes Bit conversions for part thickness — = 1 bit —Every Sem change What crrors will cause grid cut off with a parallel grid? — ER-—SID too small — Angling against grid lincs —Grid and CR not perpendicular What errors will cause grid cut off with a focussed grid —- CORRECT ER-- Incorrect SID (off focus) — Angling against grid lincs — Off center — Grid and CR not perpendicular May layer graphite and molybdenum under the target, both are lighter making the anode lighter and casier to rotate 3 reasons why Tungsten is the material of choice —- CORRECT ANSWER-1, High atomic #: increase xray production efficiency 2, Thermal Conductivily: Effective al dissipating heat 3. High melting Point: Can withstand high current without pitting/bubbling/melting Two parls of the induction motor, what they do? — CC Rotor: Inside the tube enclosure Stator: Outisde the tube enclosure Both serve lo rotate the anode an ANSWER-Only 1%, 99% is converted to heat Explain the difference between characterislic xrays and Brems xrays — CORRECT ANSWER down by Tungsten nucleus, changes direction and loses some energy —Brems: Most common, When projectile e- is slowed Characteristic: Projectile e- interacts with inner shell e— and an outer shell e- falls to fill the void. Explain compton scatter — CORR —When an xray interacts with an outer shell e- and ejects il from the atom. Xray changes direction and loses energy Explain photoelectric absorption (effect) - CORRECT ANSWER-When an xray interacts with an inner shell c-. entire enc Explain differential absorption —- CORRECT ANSWER-xrays that undergo photoelectric absorption show on the image as light areas (xrays did not reach TR) xrays thal penetrate the body and are transmitted to the TR produce dark areas on an image Xray image results because of the difference between the 2 Explain how each of these affect xray QUANTITY — inerease mAs — inerease k¥p — inerease SID — increase filtration — C —maAs: increase quanlily kV: inerease quantity SID: decrease quantity Filters: decrease quantity Explain how cach of these affects xray QUALITY NG: stomach Swan Ganz: Lefl or Right pulmonary artery Explain optical density and contrast — C -R-Optical Density: degree of blackening of an image, controlled by mAs Contrast: difference in density between 2 areas, controlled by kV Tf pedicle sits too far anterior on oblique TL. spine (too close to lateral border of vertebral body) — CORRECT ANSWER—-Under obliqued On an AP knee projection, how is the angle determined? — CORRECT A R —By the patients hip measurement Q-18em = caudad angle 19-24cem = no angle 25em+ = cephalad angle Which vessels ascend through the cervical transverse foramina — CO. ANSWER —Vertebral arterics How to position for a dens view on a trauma patient —- CORRECT ANSWER— Collar tilts the chin up. Align the CR to the TOMT. What is the fowlers position - CORRECT ANSWER: raised 18-20 inches above the level of the heart with the knees also clevated —Head of patients bed is What is a colles lraclure — CORRECT ANSWER-Transverse fracture of distal d radius with dorsal (posterior) angulation of the distal fragment Three landmarks assessed for perfect position of the Y view — CORRECT ANSWER—1, Coracoid Process 2, Acromion Angle 3. Medial scapular border Defibrillator 2. Needles 3. Suction Machine 4, Syringes 5. Tourniquets What is most likely the first sign of anaphylactic shock and what drug would A you use first in this situation? — CC ‘ER—Itching. redness, swelling of the skin, Epinephrine When a patient is confiding personal information to you about him or herself R what attitude must you assume? — CC —A neutral, non judgemental one Name the sutures of the skull — CORRECT ANSWER-—Sagittal Lovers (Lunate) Try (Triquetral) Positions (Pisiform) That (Trapezium) They (Trapezoid) Cant (Capitate) Tandle (lamate} What views will demonstrate the sphenoid sinus — CC Lateral SMV Open mouth waters What is diploc, where is it located — R-layer of cancellous bone b/w the internal and external layer of compact bone in the skull. Tt contains marrow and veins. The bones that make up the skull cap — —Frontal, Parietals, and occipital Bones that make up the skull floor — CORR. (-Temporal bones, ethmoid, sphenoid, occipital Describe the 2 fontanelles of the skull and when they close — C ANSWER months —Anterior fontanelle occurs at the bregma suture, closes at 18 Posterior fontanelle occurs at the lambda suture, closes at 8 weeks What is the crista galli? -— attachment for falx cerebri Adjustments to k¥ and mAs for a small/medium or large plaster cast — CORRECT ANSWER-Small/ Medium: +5-7kV or +50%—-60% mAs Large: +8-10k¥ or + 100%mAs ANSWER —No adjustment needed What technique adjustments are required for pleural effusion and pneumothorax — CC CT A ER-Pleural Effusion: +35%mAs Pneumothorax: -8%@kV value is derived from the histogram, if there stogram analysis error, an ET error will also result Rescaling a histogram from left to right will affect what aspect of the image quality? - CORRECT ANSWER—The brightness of the image Rescaling a histogram by altering its shape will affect what aspecl of the image AN, quality? — C How can you avoid a histogram analysis crror — CORRECT ANSWER-CR only: —Propranolal All beta blockers end in “lol” What are diuretics, give examples —- CORRECT ANSWER—Reduce blood yolume by increasing urine outpul, can treat hypertensi —Furosemide (Lasix) What are analgesics (NSAIDS) give examples — CORRECT ANSWER reduce pain, fever, and inflammation —Used to —ibuprophen NSATD (motrin, advil ete) —acetaminophen (tylenol) —acotylsalicylic acid (aspirin) Name the opiods used for intense pain (narcotics) - CORRECT ANSWER-— morphine sulfate (morphine) —meperidine (demerol) — fentanyl (usually used with midazolam (versed) — a sedative Name the opiods used for less severe pain — CORRECT ANSWER-—codeine sulfate (codeine) —oxycodone (percocet) What are antianxiety drugs (anticonvulsants) and give examples — CORREC ANSWER-Treat anxicty and possible behavior disorders ~alprazolam (xanax) lorazepam (ativan) diazepam (valium) Give an example of an antihistamine, who should you not give it to — CC —Diphenhydramine (Benedryl) Also epinephrine (adrenalin) Someone who has asthma What are anticoagulants. give examples — C R used to prevent clot formations, and also to prevent the extension of clots after —They can be a MI, stroke, PE, and venous clots —Heparin sodium (heparin) inhibits formation of clots -Warlarin sodium (coumadin) — acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) What are thrombolytic drugs, give cxamples - CORRECT ANSWER-They can break up newly formed clots, commonly referred to ¢ uc plasminogen activator) —alteplase (activase)
