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CPDT-KA Husbandry Questions and
Answers Already Passed
When are puppies weaned? ✔✔4 to 8 weeks. Puppies should not be removed from mother earlier
than 8 weeks. Ideal time with mother is 12 weeks.
When& what is the socialization window ✔✔3 to 14 or 16 weeks. Pups brains can make long-
term changes in response to social input.
When start puppy class ✔✔8 weeks. 1 to 2 weeks after receiving first Distemper, Parvo,
Adenovirus vaccination
When start vaccination program ✔✔6 to 8 weeks
Distemper (vacc. shed., core?) ✔✔*core vaccine
- At least 3 doses, given between 6 and 16 weeks of age. Vaccines boosted at 1 year and then boosted every 3 years
*adult dog- 2 doses, given 3-4 weeks apart, boosted every 3 years
Parvovirus (symptoms) ✔✔Symptoms: Lethargic. Vomiting. Diarrhea (often extreme /bloody).
Adenovirus (symptoms, aka, how long cont., how spread, how kill) ✔✔aka Infectious Canine
Hepatitis
first sign is fever >104 degrees that lasts 1-6 days
apathy, anorexia, thirst, conjunctivitis, serous discharge from the eyes and nose, and occasionally abdominal pain and vomiting.
*Recovered dogs shed virus in their urine for ≥6 mo.
*Ingestion of urine, feces, or saliva of infected dogs is the main route of infection.
*survives outside the host for weeks or months, but a 1%-3% solution of sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) is an effective disinfectant.
Attenuated vaccines ✔✔Altered so as not to cause illness. On subsequent exposure, body
remembers to fight the disease.
When do maternal antibodies disappear from puppies? ✔✔*We don't know. That's why puppies
need a series of an initial vaccination and boosters.
*usually by 18 weeks
*" window of susceptibility".
Rabies (vacc. sched., prevention, core?zoo?) ✔✔core
12 weeks of age or older. Booster at 1 year. Can switch to 3 year schedule. Zoonotic.
Do not let dog roam off- leash or unsupervised.
Heartworms (how spread, why bad, symptoms, how prevent (when start), when test, how long recovery) ✔✔*Contracted from mosquitos. Adult worms live in pulmonary arteries. Block and
inflame arteries making it difficult for blood to clot or heart to pump blood.
*takes 6 mos after infection to show up on test. Stay out of class 6 mos.
*Symptoms: heart failure, coughing, reduced ability to exercise, fluid in abdomen, bluish gums.
*Preventative medicine every month (can start at 8-9 weeks) & test every year. Over 7 mos = need test to start heartworm meds. If lapse in meds, test immediately and 6 mos later.
*control mosquito population/ limit dogs' exposure
Gastrointestinal parasites (why bad) ✔✔Damage gastrointestinal tract. Impede absorption of
proper nutrition.
Roundworms (symptoms, how contracted, aka, recovery) ✔✔* aka ascarids
Contracted in utero, nursing, infected rodent, or infected eggs in environment (eating feces or dirt). Symptoms: vomiting, diarrhea, poor coat, enlarged abdomen.
*zoonotic
*eggs passed in feces, often infects carnivores, transported by rodents
*adult roundworms all live in the small intestine of the host and their eggs look very similar. Adult worms are usually 3-4 inches long. look like spagetti.
*Adults may be seen in the feces or vomit.
*Worms are killed rapidly following treatment with appropriate drugs, and treated dogs will cease shedding eggs within 2 days following treatment (about 3 weeks).
Hookworms (how contracted, why bad, symptoms, zoonotic?, how kill, ) ✔✔*Contracted from
larvae on ground through skin, ingesting soil / host/ old feces, or infected mother. Feed on blood in lining of small intestine.
*Symptoms: Black, tarry feces, lethargy, anemia, pale gums.
*Zoonotic but don't inhabit human intestines. in people- Migrate under skin and cause itch red rash that often goes away by itself
*eggs incubate in the soil. Under proper conditions, the eggs hatch in 48 hours and release larvae that are infective in five to seven days. hookworm larvae do not persist in the environment for years. Under optimal conditions, infective hookworm larvae can survive in the soil for a few months until their metabolic reserves are depleted. In addition, larvae usually are killed by freezing temperatures.
*1:16 bleach on non-porous surfaces. heat otherwise.
*weight is > 30% above ideal
*Large fat deposits over chest, spine and tail base. Waist and abdominal tuck absent. Fat deposits on neck and limbs. Abdomen distended.
Ideal body condition ✔✔Hourglass shape. Can see dog's waist from top and side. Ribs can be
felt but not seen.
Spaying and Neutering (when, controversies) ✔✔Anytime after 6 to 8 weeks of age.
Controversy now about benefits of population control vs. medical risks. Owners of unaltered dogs should consult with their vet.
Prepubertal neutering/spaying ✔✔Sexually dimorphic behaviors (sex behaviors that differ
between male and female) do not develop. Males: roaming, mounting, urine marking, fighting with other male dogs. Neutering after puberty can also reduce these behavior. Does not decrease aggression in females. Females spayed before first heat cycle have decreased risk of mammary cancer.
spaying (phys benefit) ✔✔Females are protected from reproductive tract diseases including
uterine cancer and pyometra (uterine infection).
neutering (pys and behav) ✔✔Reduced risk of infection or overgrowth of prostrate. Risk of
testicular cancer eliminated. Reduction of some sexually dimorphic behaviors (roaming, urine marking...)
*Testosterone tends to promote greater reactivity in dogs. They trigger a little quicker to aversive stimuli and respond a bit more intensely and for slightly longer duration. Affecting the magnitude of aggressive behavior could be particularly helpful in many cases. however:
*Neutering cannot be expected to reduce aggressive behavior in all dogs
Neutering will not always completely eliminate aggressive behaviors
· When the neutering is carried out cannot be expected to influence the rate or magnitude of changes in behaviors
· How long the problem behavior has existed does not tend to affect the level or trend of change in behavior after neutering
· If an intact dog demonstrates aggressive behavior neutering should be considered as an adjunct to other behavior modification practices
· Early neutering is probably not helpful at preventing aggression and may pose certain medical risks.
First heat cycle ✔✔6 to 12 months depending on breed. Two heat cycles a year lasting 12 to 21
days
Hypoglycemia (why bad, symptoms) ✔✔Strenuous exercise, high level of excitement, or lack of
food causes sudden drop in blood sugar and seizures. Slower drop in blood sugar, weak , disoriented, irritable
Hypothyroidism ✔✔Hormornal disease. Under-activity of thyroid. common.(hyperthyroidism
uncommon in dogs).
hair loss, usually on dog's trunk, back of the rear legs, and tail. weight gain, muscle loss, sluggishness. extreme changes in behavior including aggression, extreme shyness, or seizure-like activity. Psychotropic meds can affect thyroid test, so pretreatment baseline important
Cushing's disease (why bad, symptoms) ✔✔Body produces too much cortisone. Irritability and
increased reactivity. Most common in middle-aged or older dogs
Drug effects ✔✔Irritability and increased reactivity (some tranquilizers and corticosteroids).
- Benzodiazepine meds can disinhibit aggression.
Cognitive Disfunction Syndrome (aka, sympoms) ✔✔aka CDS. Changes in social interactions,
disruptions in sleep/wake cycles, loss of known "rules" such as house soiling.
*common in aging dogs
Loss of vision and hearing ✔✔both:Dog may startle more easily
loss of vision: step high or with great caution, tread on objects that normally are avoided, bump into furniture, and carry his nose close to the ground. Dogs who normally catch well may suddenly start to miss objects thrown to them. The inactivity of older dogs is often attributed simply to old age, but failing eyesight may also be a cause.
loss of hearing: unresponsive to verbal commands/ noises. scans room at a high rate. not easily woken.
Chronic pain ✔✔Affects mood and reactivity patterns. Reduce motivation. Increase irritability
and aggression.
Emotional issues ✔✔Anxiety, fear, arousal can lead to aggression.
Psychotropic medications (def.,how use) ✔✔Any medication capable of affecting the mind,
emotions, and behavior. Best if prescribed by veterinarian with behavior background. Most effective when used in combination with a behavior modification plan.
Basic grooming requirements (dense, short coat) ✔✔*Brush at least once per week (slicker
brush, then bristle brush. comb tail.)
Basic grooming requirements (long, silky coat) ✔✔*Brush daily. (tease out mats with slicker
brush. then bristle brush.)
Bathing ✔✔about once every 3 months
avoid ears, eyes, and nose
brush before bath
Nail care ✔✔keep nails trimmed so they do not tap on floor as dog walks (flush w/ pad at the
longest.)
Ear care (maintenance) ✔✔If dog's inner ears appear dirty, clean them with a cotton ball
dampened with mineral oil, hydrogen peroxide or a solution formulated specifically for this purpose. Inner-ear skin is delicate.
Do not clean dog's ears so frequently or deeply as to cause irritation, and take care to NEVER insert anything into dog's ear canal.
If dog sprouts hair from his ear canal, may have to tweeze it out every few weeks to prevent problematic mats and tangles from forming.
Ear care (dog's at risk) ✔✔Floppy ears, alergies
Ear care (signs of illness) ✔✔Ear discharge
Bad smells
Redness
Swelling
Crusty skin
Hair loss
eye care (maintenance) ✔✔gentle wipe with a damp cotton ball, Wipe outward from the corner
of the eye and be careful not to touch his eyeball
*Using scissors with rounded tips, carefully trim the hair around dog's eyes
*avoid strong wind/ blowing debris (including car rides)
eye care (signs of illness) ✔✔Discharge & crusty gunk
Contagious disease containment proceedures ✔✔*Clean and disinfect floors daily
*do not allow dogs to share water dishes/ toys
*do not allow dogs showing symptoms in facility
*clean up urine/ feces/ blood immediately
Canine Influenza (what is, how spread, symptoms, prevention, recovery) ✔✔*relatively new
virus, not known to be zoonotic
- spread through respiratory secretions, contaminated objects/ people.
*can survive for up to 48 hours on surfaces, up to 24 hours on clothing, and up to 12 hours on people's hands.
*dog's are contagious even before symptoms (coughing, a fever, snotty nose), 7-10 days, 14 days recovery recomended
*bleach 1:30, quaternary ammonium compounds
*vaccine available
Canine parvovirus (what is, core?, how spread, prevention, recovery) ✔✔*Highly contagious virus that attacks the gastrointestinal system. not zoonotic.
*spread by direct contact between dogs, contaminated stool, surfaces,objects, and the hands and clothing of people. It can also survive in the soil for years, making the virus hard to kill.
*"core" vaccine
*Bleach 1:
*resistant to the effects of heat, detergents, alcohol, and many disinfectants
*virus in urine for 3 weeks after recovery
Canine parvovirus (vacc. sched, bleach sol., recovery) ✔✔*first vaccine is given at 6-8 weeks
- booster is given at four-week intervals until the puppy is 16-20 weeks of age, and then again at one year of age.
*Older dogs who have not received full puppy vaccination series may be susceptible to parvovirus and should also receive at least one immunization.
*bleach 1:32 non-organic material. 10 minutes.
*recovery 3 weeks after the dog is well, has stopped vomiting and is no longer passing diarrhea, has been bathed
Ehrlichiosis (symptoms) ✔✔Zoonotic.
most common and one of the most dangerous tick-borne disease organisms known to infect dogs. Caused by the brown dog tick, symptoms may not surface for months after transmission
Depression and/or lack of energy
Loss of appetite
- Immunosuppressed dogs (dogs whose immune systems are weakened because of disease or certain medications) are much more likely to become infected with these fungi and develop disease.
Fungal infections (types, symptoms, how, recovery) ✔✔*Ringworm- lesions that typically
appear on a dog's head, ears, paws and forelimbs. can cause patchy, crusted circular "bald spots" that sometimes look red in the center.
~Infected pets remain contagious for about three weeks if aggressive treatment is used. The ringworm will last longer and remain contagious for an extended period of time if only minimal measures are taken or if you are not faithful with the prescribed approach.
-Infected pets remain contagious for about three weeks if aggressive treatment is used. The ringworm will last longer and remain contagious for an extended period of time if only minimal measures are taken or if you are not faithful with the prescribed approach.
*Aspergillosis- mainly seen in breeds of dogs with long, narrow heads and noses (such as Collies and Greyhounds). Signs of infection include a bloody nasal discharge, nasal pain, sneezing, ulceration surrounding the nostrils, and nosebleed.
parasites (disinfectant/ confinement procedures) ✔✔Vacuum floors, rugs, carpets, upholstered
furniture, and crevices around baseboards and cabinets daily or every other day to remove flea eggs, larvae, and adults.
*Thoroughly clean items you bring into the building, such as used carpets or upholstered furniture, to prevent these from being a source of flea infestation.
hyperthermia (risk factors, symptoms, first aid) ✔✔*heatstroke.
*Warm or hot weather. Short-nosed breeds, such as pugs, Boston Terriers, boxers, bulldogs, etc. are more prone.
*excessive panting and drooling, anxiousness, weakness, abnormal gum color (darker red or even purple), collapse and death
- immediately taken to a shaded area and cooled with cold, wet towels that are wrung out and rewetted every few minutes. Running cool water over the dog's body and quickly wiping it away. seek vet. care.
bite wound (human, dog) ✔✔both- prepare vaccination history
human- report! Place a clean towel over the injury to stop any bleeding.
Try to keep the injured area elevated.
Wash the bite carefully with soap and water.
Apply a sterile bandage to the wound.
Apply antibiotic ointment to the injury every day to prevent infection.
dog- prepare to muzzle. wrap wound and take to vet.
