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A comprehensive set of questions and answers covering key concepts and principles related to military leadership, training, and operations. It covers topics such as mission command, troop leading procedures, military decision-making process, and sustainment. Valuable for students studying military leadership and strategy, providing insights into the practical application of these concepts.
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Principles of training - Answer Train as you fightTrain to standard Train to maintain Train to sustain Mission Command Accept prudent Risk: Create Shared Understanding: -Answer Accept Prudent Risk: Prudent risk is a deliberateexposure to possible injury or loss when the reward outweighs the risk, and mission accomplishment is worth the cost. Create Shared Understanding: Making subordinates understand the operationalenvironment, operations purpose, problems, and approaches to solving them. Through collaboration in talking with soldiers/leaders, commanders can get situationalunderstanding and resolve misunderstanding and assess the progress of operations.
Mission Command Exercise Disciplined Initiative: Provide a Clear Commander's Intent: - Answer Exercise Disciplined Initiative: Action bysubordinates in the absence of orders, when existing orders no longer fit the situation, or when unforeseen opportunities or threats appear.
Provide a Clear Commander's Intent: The commander's intent is a clear and conciseexpression of the purpose of the operation and the desired military end state that supports mission command, provides focus to the staff, and helps subordinate andsupporting commanders act to achieve the commander's desired results without further orders, even when the operation does not unfold as planned. Troop Leading Procedures (TLPs) RIMIRCIS - Step 1 - Receive the mission. Step 2 - Warning order Step 3 - Tentative planStep 4 - Initiate movement. Step 5 - ReconnaissanceStep 6 - Complete the plan. Step 7 - Issue the orderStep 8 - Supervise and refine
Military Decision Making Process (MDMP) Steps - Step 1: Receive the mission Step 2: Mission analysis Step 3: COA (Course of Action) developmentStep 4: COA Analysis (War Game) Step 5: COA ComparisonStep 6: COA Approval Step 7: Orders Production, Dissemination, and Transition Course Of Action (COA) considerations - Answer - Mission- Commanders Intent
AHS Principles Army Health System (AHS) Principles - Answer Conformity - The medicalcommander must have direct access to the tactical commander in order to develop a comprehensive concept of operations. AHS planners must become involved early in theplanning process and once the plan is established it must be rehearsed with the forces it supports. Continuity - Was achieved via the sequence of phased roles of care extending from thepoint of injury or wounding through to the continental United States.
Control - is required to ensure that scarce AHS resources are utilized effectively and inconcert with the tactical through strategic plans, that the scope and quality of medical treatment conform to professional standards, policy, and U.S. and international law. AHS Principles - Flexibility - means being prepared and empowered to shift AHSresources to meet changes in tactical plans or operations. The medical commander must also ensure that he has the flexibility to rapidly transition from one level of violence toanother across the range of military operations.
Mobility-to ensure that AHS assets remain in supporting distance to supportmaneuvering forces. The mobility, survivability, such as armor plating and other force protection measures, and sustainability of medical units organic to maneuver elementsmust be equal to the forces being supported.
Proximity - to provide AHS support to sick, injured, and wounded Soldiers at the righttime and to keep morbidity and mortality to a minimum. AHS support assets are placed within supporting distance of the maneuver forces which they are supporting, but notclose enough to impede ongoing combat operations.
Classes of supply (I-X) - Answer Class I: Subsistence health / welfare itemsClass II: Clothing, individual equipment, tentage, tools, maps Class III: Petroleum / solid fuels, Oil, Lubricants Class IV: Construction materials, fortify / barrierClass V: Ammunition, bombs, explosives, pyro
Class VI: Personal demand items (non military sale)Class VII: Major items launchers, tanks, vehicles Class VIII: Medical material supply Class IX: Repair parts and componentsClass X: Material to support nonmilitary material, such as agricultural and economical development ADRP 4.0 sustainment Anticipation:Continuity: Economy: Improvisation: - Anticipation of Answers - the capability to predict operation needs andinitiate action necessary in the most satisfactory way to produce a response without waiting for operations orders or fragmentary orders. Continuity - the sustaining of sustainment uninterruptedly through all levels of war Economy - the provision of sustainment resources efficiently in such a manner as toenable the commander to use all assets to maximum advantage possible
Improvisation - the ability to adapt sustainment operations to unanticipated events orconditions impacting a mission. It includes creating, inventing, arranging or fabricating resources to satisfy needs ADRP 4.0 Sustainment - Answer Integration - the synchronization of all the sustainmentfunctions in operations ensuring unity of command and effort.
Responsiveness - the ability to react to changes in needs as well as to provide what isrequired to sustain support
Exploitation - A generally follow-on offensive task that normally follows a successfulattack, and is designed to disorganize the enemy in depth. Attempt to disrupt enemy forces to such a degree they are compelled to capitulate or withdraw. Exploit tacticalopportunities.
Characteristics of offense - Answer Audacity - A willingness to take bold risks. Concentration - Massing the effects of combat power in time and space at the decisivepoint to achieve a single purpose
Surprise - Attack at a time or place or in a manner enemy forces did not prepare for orexpect.
Tempo - The relative speed and rhythm of military operations over time with respect tothe enemy.
Characteristics of the Defense - Disrupt - Desynchronize the opponent force'spreparations. Mislead or destroy enemy recon forces, combat formations, echelons separation, and not allowing synchronized combined arms. Flexibility- flexible defense that permits anticipation of enemy action and allocationresources against it accordingly.
Maneuver - Permits a defending force to gain and exploit an advantageous positionagainst an opponent force.
Mass and concentration - Provides overwhelming combat power at selected points tosupport their decisive operations. Cede ground in order to create time to mass and concentrate effort. Characteristics of the defense (cont) - Response Operations in depth - The distribution ofcombat power simultaneously throughout an area of operation.
Preparation - Prepare their AOs before enemy forces arrive to attack, or establish thedefense behind a force conducting a security operation. Use forward and flank security forces to protect their defending forces. Security - Secure their forces through the performance of security, protection,information operations, and cyberspace and electronic warfare tasks. Security also includes the provision of area security for civilians, infrastructure, lines ofcommunication (LOCS) and other aspects of the echelon support and consolidation areas. Defensive Tasks Defend Area Defense Task that focuses on preventing the enemy fromhaving access to certain terrain for a specific time instead of destroying it in the first place. Focuses on retaining the mass of the terrain by the bulk of the defending force,mutually supported/prepared positions.
Mobile Defense: A defensive task that focuses on the defeat or destruction of the enemythrough a decisive attack by a striking force. Allowing them to advance to where they are exposed to a decisive striking force counterattack. A fixing force is a force designated tosupplement the striking force by holding attacking enemy forces in position.
Retrograde - A defensive task that involves organized movement away from the enemy.Transitional operation never conducted in isolation. Always a part of a larger scheme of maneuver designed to regain the initiative and defeat the enemy.1.) Delay - a force under pressure trades space for time by slowing down the enemy's momentum and inflicting maximum damage on enemy forces without becomingdecisively engaged. 2.) Disengagement - scheduled withdrawal from enemy and move away from enemy.3.) ggfdewRetirement - a type of retrograde where a f1orce out of contact moves away from the enemy. ADRP 3- Enemy
Hazard Depth Unified Action Partners - Answer Hazard: A condition that has the potential to causeinjury, illness, or death of personnel; damage to or loss of equipment or property; or mission degradation. Include disease, extreme weather phenomena, solar flares, andareas contaminated by toxic materials. Understand hazards = understand terrain.
Depth: The extension of operations in time, space, or purpose to achieve definitiveresults. Army forces engage the enemy throughout their depth, preventing effective employment of reserves, disrupting command and control, logistics, and othercapabilities.
Unified Action Partners: Military forces, governmental and nongovernmentalorganizations, and elements of the private sector with whom Army forces plan, coordinate, synchronize, and integrate during the conduct of operations. ADP 3-0 OPERATIONS Operation: Operational Concept: Operational Environment (OE): - Operation - A series of tactical actions with a sharedpurpose or coherent theme.
Operational Concept - A foundational statement that describes how Army forces,
operating as part of a joint force, conduct operations. *** The Army's operational conceptis Unified Land Operations.
Operational Environment (OE) - A composite of the conditions, circumstances, andinfluences that affect the employment of capabilities and bear on the decisions of the commander. Involve interconnected influences from global or regional perspectives; ie.Politics and economics. Each commanders OE is a part of a higher commanders OE.
Unified Action: Unified Land Operations:
4 tenets - Simultaneity, depth, synchronization, and flexibility.
Teamwork: Coordination and cooperation toward common objectives, even if participantsare not part of the same command or organizations. The product of successful unified action Tenets of Operations:
2.) Develop the situation through action3.) Combined arms 4.) Adherence to the law of war 5.) Establish and maintain security6.) Create multiple dilemmas for the enemy.
Ambulance Control Point (ACP): Ambulance Exchange Point (AXP): Ambulance Load Point (ALP): Ambulance Relay Point ARP: Answer Ambulance Control Point ACP: A Soldier stationedat a crossroad or road junction where ambulances may take one of two or more directions to reach loading points. The soldier directs empty ambulances returning fromthe rear
Ambulance Exchange Point AXP: A point at which a patient is transferred from oneambulance to another en route to a medical treatment facility.
Ambulance Load Point ALP: Ambulance Relay Point (ARP): A point in the shuttle system at which one or more emptyambulances remain. Ready for movement to a loading point, or to the next relay post to replace an ambulance that has moved. Ambush: Attack by Fire:
Breach: Canalize: Fix: - Answer Ambush: An attack by fire or other destructive means from concealedpositions on a moving or temporarily halted enemy.
Attack by Fire: A tactical mission task in which a commander uses direct fires, supportedby indirect fires to engage an enemy force without closing with the enemy to destroy, suppress, fix or deceive that enemy. Breach: A tactical mission task in which the unit employs all available means to breakthrough or establish a passage through an enemy defense, obstacle, minefield or fortification. Canalize: A tactical mission task that requires the commander to restrict the enemy to anarrow zone of movement by using terrain in conjunction with obstacles, fires, or friendly maneuver. Fix: A tactical mission task where the commander denies the enemy freedom of actionregarding the movement of any part of his force from a specific location for a specific period. Casualty Collection Point (CCP): Coordinating Point: Decision Point: Passage Point: - Answer Casualty Collection Point: An area where casualties are
Phase Line: A line used for control and coordination of military operations, normally aterrain feature extending across the zone of action.
Line of Contact: A general trace depicting the areas in which friendly and enemy forcesare in contact. The line of contact symbol is generated when both the friendly and enemy forward line of troops symbols are presented. Framed Symbols: Unframed Symbols: - Answer Framed Symbols: Represent unit, equipment, installation,and activity. A framed symbol consists of a frame, color (fill), icon, modifiers, and amplifiers Unframed Symbols: Control measure symbols (means of regulating forces or warfightingfunctions) and mission task verb symbols.