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Carbohydrate II, college study notes - Carbohydrate, Study notes of Inorganic Chemistry

Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago (TTIC)Inorganic Chemistry

Study Guide. These are exercise test questions to help build your knowledge of carbohydrate lectures. This will help expand your knowledge on the topics to maximize learning at a deeper level, build condence and help you succeed in the course. Carbohydrate II, Connexions Web site. http://cnx.org/content/m41757/1.1/, Dec 15, 2011. Glycogen, Soluble fibers, Insoluble fibers, Amylose, Amylopectin, Carbohydrates, Hydroxy, Glucose, Molecules, Stomach, Aldolase B, Phosphoglucomuta

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Connexions module: m41757 1
Carbohydrate II
∗
E. Pennington
This work is produced by The Connexions Project and licensed under the
Creative Commons Attribution License
†
Abstract
These are exercise test questions to help build your knowledge of carbohydrate lectures. This will
help expand your knowledge on the topics to maximize learning at a deeper level, build condence and
help you succeed in the course.
1. Which of the following complex carbohydrates can reduce the absorption of cholesterol inside the
intestinal tract?
A. Glycogen
B. Soluble bers
C. Insoluble bers
D. Amylose
E. Amylopectin
Table 1
2. What is the metabolic function of the intestinal glycosidases?
A. Breaks down smaller carbohydrates into glucose, fructose and galactose.
B. Cleaves hydroxyl groups of dietary complex carbohydrates molecules.
C. Digests dietary complex carbohydrate in the mouth and the stomach.
D. Joins two simple sugars together to form complex carbohydrate molecules.
E. Allows passage of simple sugars inside the intestinal cells.
Table 2
3. A patient's laboratory test is positive for fructose in urine only. All blood test results are normal.
Which of the following enzymes is decient in this patient?
continued on next page
∗
Version 1.1: Dec 15, 2011 12:45 pm US/Central
†
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
http://cnx.org/content/m41757/1.1/
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8

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Download Carbohydrate II, college study notes - Carbohydrate and more Study notes Inorganic Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity!

Carbohydrate II

E. Pennington

This work is produced by The Connexions Project and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License †

Abstract These are exercise test questions to help build your knowledge of carbohydrate lectures. This will help expand your knowledge on the topics to maximize learning at a deeper level, build condence and help you succeed in the course.

  1. Which of the following complex carbohydrates can reduce the absorption of cholesterol inside the intestinal tract? A. Glycogen B. Soluble bers C. Insoluble bers D. Amylose E. Amylopectin

Table 1

  1. What is the metabolic function of the intestinal glycosidases? A. Breaks down smaller carbohydrates into glucose, fructose and galactose. B. Cleaves hydroxyl groups of dietary complex carbohydrates molecules. C. Digests dietary complex carbohydrate in the mouth and the stomach. D. Joins two simple sugars together to form complex carbohydrate molecules. E. Allows passage of simple sugars inside the intestinal cells. Table 2
  2. A patient's laboratory test is positive for fructose in urine only. All blood test results are normal. Which of the following enzymes is decient in this patient? continued on next page ∗Version 1.1: Dec 15, 2011 12:45 pm US/Central †http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

A. Aldolase B B. Phosphoglucomutase C. 4-Epimerase D. Fructokinase E. Galactokinase

Table 3

  1. A 9 month old male suers from abdominal pain and bloating with frequent diarrhea after being fed solid foods. A stool acidity test is ordered. Which of the following carbohydrate disorders uses a stool acidity test as a diagnostic tool for infants? A. Fructose Intolerance B. Fructose Malabsorption C. Fructosuria D. Classical Galactosemia E. Non-classical Galactosemia

Table 4

  1. A patient's test results show hypoglycemia, liver failure, hyperuricemia, prolonged coagulation times and a positive urine test for fructose. Which of the following carbohydrate disorders is consistent with these lab results? A. Fructosuria B. Galactokinase Deciency C. Classical Galactosemia D. Fructose Intolerance E. Fructose Malabsorption

Table 5

  1. Which of the following defective enzymes impairs carbohydrate metabolism by forming phosphorylated intermediates that can cause mental retardation or severe liver damage if left untreated? A. Lactalbumin and glycosyltransferases B. Fructokinase and aldose reductase C. Galactosyltransferase and phosphoglutamase continued on next page
  1. A patient suers from cramps and fatigue every time he exercises. He is diagnosed with McArdle's disease. Which of the following defective enzymes prevents the breakdown of glycogen on this patient? A. Debranching enzyme B. Glycogen phosphorylase C. Glycogen synthase D. Branching enzyme E. Glucose-6-phosphatase

Table 10

  1. Which of the following hormones facilitates the breakdown of glycogen in muscle? A. Insulin B. Glucagon C. Cortisol D. Epinephrine E. Norepinephrine Table 11
  2. Which of the following statements directly explains the eects of hormones in the liver during fasting? A. Cortisol stimulates insulin secretion in order to sup- press the translocation of GLUT4. B. Epinephrine binding to both alpha and beta recep- tors activates glycogen phosphorylase. C. Epinephrine binding to beta receptors stimulates both glycogen and protein synthesis. D. Epinephrine binding to alpha receptors helps inac- tivates glycogen [hosphorylase. E. Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis via inositol- phospholipid signaling pathway. Table 12
  3. Which of the following is a normal compensatory mechanism that helps increase the neuronal uptake of glucose n cases of Alzheimer disease? continued on next page

A. Arrangement of neurobrillary tangles in helices and laments B. Increased phosphorylation of tau C. Decreased glycosylation reactions of proteins D. Increased GLUT2 transporters in astrocytes E. Decreased GLUT1 and GLUT3 transporters

Table 13

  1. Which type of glucose transporters are synthesized under the control of hypoxia inducing factor- inside the neurons? A. GLUT2 and GLUT B. GLUT1 and GLUT C. GLUT5 and GLUT D. GLUT2 and GLUT E. GLUT5 and GLUT

Table 14

  1. Which of the following glucose transporters can facilitate the release of glucose, galactose and fructose from the intestinal cells into the hepatic portal vein? A. GLUT B. GLUT C. GLUT D. GLUT E. GLUT

Table 15

  1. Patients can develop cataracts from the build-up of sugar alcohols inside the lens of the eyes. Which of the following enzymes has the capability to synthesize sugar alcohols from either excess glucose or galactose? A. Fructokinase B. Galactokinase C. Aldose reductase continued on next page

E. Eective in treating lung, skin, liver, breast, colon, bladder and prostate cancers. Table 19

  1. A 6 year old boy's lab results show: hypoglycemia, jaundice, hemorrhage, hepatomegaly, and hyper- uricemia. He is diagnosed with fructose intolerance. Which of the following hepatic enzymes is defective in this patient? A. Galactokinase B. Triose Kinase C. Hexokinase D. Aldolase B E. Fructokinase Table 20
  2. A 6 month old female is failing to thrive. Lab results show: hypoglycemia and hyperketonemia. She is diagnosed with Lewis' Disease. Which hepatic enzyme is defective in this patient? A. Debranching enzyme B. Glycogen phosphorylase C. Branching enzyme D. Glycogen synthase E. Glucose-6-phosphatase Table 21
  3. Andersen's and Cori's Disease are two glycogen disorders that produces hypoglycemia and altered branches of glycogen in both the fed and fasting states, respectively. In which of the following tissues can these disorders be the main cause for hypoglycemia? A. Muscle B. Liver C. Intestines D. Kidneys E. Heart Table 22
  4. Which of the following shows the health benets of insoluble bers? A. Form a gel that can be degraded by normal ora into gases B. Slows the absorption of glucose; thus, regulating blood sugar levels C. Prevents heart disease by reducing total and LDL cholesterol levels D. Draws water inside the intestines softening the stool for regularity E. Fiber fermentation produces short fatty acids for energy

Table 23

  1. Which of the following mechanisms IS NOT part of the process of glycogen degradation in the muscle cells? A. Inux of calcium ions from nerve impulses B. High levels of AMP from muscle contraction C. Epinephrine binding to muscle cells beta receptors D. Glucagon cAMP signal transduction cascade E. Activation of glycogen phosphorylase

Table 24

  1. A 7 days old full-term male is losing weight. He vomits and has diarrhea everytime he ingests breast milk. Current lab results show: impaired liver function, hypergalactosemia, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, hyperaminoaciduria and high urinary galactitol levels. Which of the following defective enzymes would be consistent with this patient lab results? A. Aldolase B B. Galactokinase C. Aldose reductase D. UDP-glucuronyltransferase E. Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase

Table 25