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Carbon Compounds - General Chemistry - Lecture Slides, Slides of Chemistry

Fundamental concepts of chemistry including atomic structure, history of the atom, development of the periodic table, nuclear chemistry, chemical nomenclature and formula, types of reactions, stoichiometry, gas laws, liquids and solids, thermodynamics, chemical equilibrium, acids and bases. This lecture includes: Carbon Compounds, Saturated Hydrocarbons, Ethane, Characteristics of Hydrocarbons, Straight Chains, Halosomers, Branched Chains, the Ring, Alkenes, Alkynes, Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Polym

Typology: Slides

2012/2013

Uploaded on 12/31/2013

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Carbon Compounds

Saturated Hydrocarbons

-^

A Hydrocarbon is anorganic compound thatcontains only the elementshydrogen and carbon.

-^

In a

saturated hydrocarbon, all the bondsare

single

bonds.

-^

Alkane

is another name

for a saturatedhydrocarbon.

Characteristics of Hydrocarbons

-^

Factors that determine theproperties of ahydrocarbon are:

-^

The number of

carbon

atoms

-^

How the atoms are arranged: Straight chainBranched chainRing

Straight Chains

-^

A hydrocarbon cancontain one carbon atom,as in methane orthousands of carbonatoms, as in cellulose One carbon

Methane

Two carbon

ethane

Three carbon

propane

Four carbon

butane

Five carbons

pentane

Six carbon

hexane

Branched Chains

•^

The structural formulafor certain

alkanes

can

differ.

-^

Compounds with the same molecularformula

but

different

structural formulas are

isomers

The Ring

•^

Carbons can bearranged in a ring,such as cyclobutane.

Alkenes

•^

Many

fruit

bearing

plants produceethene, whichcontrols the rate atwhich fruitsripening.

Alkynes

•^

Alkynes are the mostreactive hydrocarboncompounds.

-^

They produceextremely hightemperatures whileburning.

Fossil Fuels

•^

Three types of fossilfuels are

coal

petroleum

, and

natural gas

•^

The primary productsof the completecombustion of fossilfuels are carbondioxide and water

Substituted Hydrocarbons

•^

The functional groupin an

alcohol

is a

hydroxyl

group,

-OH

•^

The functional groupin an

organic acid

is a

carboxyl group

COOH

•^

The functional groupin an

amine

is an

amino group

NH

Polymers

•^

Polymers can beclassified as

natural

polymers or

synthetic

polymers.

-^

Rubber, nylon, andpolyethylene are threeexamples ofcompounds than canbe synthesized.

Types

•^

Four types of polymers

produced in

plant and animal cellsare:

-^

Starches

-^

Cellulose

-^

Nucleic acids

-^

Proteins