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CARDIOLOGY FISDAP.DOCOCUMENT, Study notes of Nursing

Utah Valley University (UVU)Nursing

· Angina Pectoris/ Unstable Angina/ Myocardial Infarction/ Esophageal spasm Reason for answer: Angina occurs when the heart's need for oxygen exceeds it's supply, usually during periods of physical or emotional stress when the heart is working hard. (Page 637) At what rate should single rescuer CPR be performed for a 17 year old female? · 120 per min/ 90/ 80 Reason for answer: 100-120 Beats per minute. (Page 514) A 40 year old patient with a history of coronary artery disease and recent mastectomy is complaining of chest discomfort. Vitals are P 120, R 22, and BP 80/54. You should suspect? CHF/ Cardiogenic Shock/ septic shock Reason for answer: BP 80/54 is low BP(shock may occur) Nitroglycerin is a medication that is typically administered? Sublingually/ intraosseously/ subcutaneously Reason for answer: Beneath the tongue is very vascular, so the medication can be absorbed quicker

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Cardiology FISDAP
. A 54 year old complains of chest tightness after raking leaves for an
hour. The pain subsided after rest and two nitroglycerin. He has had very
similar episodes in the past. He is most likely experiencing?
·Angina Pectoris/ Unstable Angina/ Myocardial Infarction/
Esophageal spasm
Reason for answer: Angina occurs when the heart's need for oxygen exceeds it's
supply, usually during periods of physical or emotional stress when the heart is
working hard. (Page 637)
•At what rate should single rescuer CPR be performed for a 17 year old
female?
·120 per min/ 90/ 80
Reason for answer: 100-120 Beats per minute. (Page 514)
•A 40 year old patient with a history of coronary artery disease and
recent mastectomy is complaining of chest discomfort. Vitals are P 120,
R 22, and BP 80/54. You should suspect?
•CHF/ Cardiogenic Shock/ septic
shock Reason for answer: BP 80/54 is low BP(shock
may occur)
•Nitroglycerin is a medication that is typically administered?
•Sublingually/ intraosseously/ subcutaneously
Reason for answer: Beneath the tongue is very vascular, so the medication can
be absorbed quicker
•A patient was struck by lightning. You should suspect?
•An irregular heartbeat/ peripheral nerve damage
Reason for answer: Your heart functions on electricity, the shock changes
the rhythm.
•During CPR which of the following is most
important?
•Minimal interruptions during compressions
Reason for answer: providing circulation supports the bodies tissues to stay alive
•A buildup of calcium and cholesterol form plaque inside a blood vessel
which would most likely be the cause?
•Pulmonary embolism/ CHF/ ACS/ hemorrhagic stroke
Reason for answer: Plaque, build up. (key words) (Atherosclerosis-The build-up of
fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls.)
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Cardiology FISDAP

. A 54 year old complains of chest tightness after raking leaves for an hour. The pain subsided after rest and two nitroglycerin. He has had very similar episodes in the past. He is most likely experiencing? · Angina Pectoris/ Unstable Angina/ Myocardial Infarction/ Esophageal spasm Reason for answer: Angina occurs when the heart's need for oxygen exceeds it's supply, usually during periods of physical or emotional stress when the heart is working hard. (Page 637)

  • At what rate should single rescuer CPR be performed for a 17 year old female? · 120 per min/ 90/ 80 Reason for answer: 100-120 Beats per minute. (Page 514)
  • A 40 year old patient with a history of coronary artery disease and recent mastectomy is complaining of chest discomfort. Vitals are P 120, R 22, and BP 80/54. You should suspect?
  • CHF/ Cardiogenic Shock/ septic shock Reason for answer: BP 80/54 is low BP(shock may occur)
  • Nitroglycerin is a medication that is typically administered?
  • Sublingually/ intraosseously/ subcutaneously Reason for answer: Beneath the tongue is very vascular, so the medication can be absorbed quicker
  • A patient was struck by lightning. You should suspect?
  • An irregular heartbeat/ peripheral nerve damage Reason for answer: Your heart functions on electricity, the shock changes the rhythm.
  • During CPR which of the following is most important?
  • Minimal interruptions during compressions Reason for answer: providing circulation supports the bodies tissues to stay alive
  • A buildup of calcium and cholesterol form plaque inside a blood vessel which would most likely be the cause?
  • Pulmonary embolism/ CHF/ ACS/ hemorrhagic stroke Reason for answer: Plaque, build up. (key words) (Atherosclerosis-The build-up of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls.)
  • During the Primary Assessment a 57 year old female says she has chest pain and points to her epigastric area. What should you do?
    • Obtain vital signs/ Admin Nitro/ Assess breathing/ Admin oxygen Reason for answer: The book mentions assessing patient, if they worsen administer oxygen
  • What is the cause of heart failure?
  • Inadequate ejection of blood from the ventricles/ fluid in lungs/ poor gas exchange in alveoli/ backup of fluid in lower extremities Reason for answer:
  • A cardiac arrest patient has been down for 6 minutes without care. What should you do?
  • Start compressions/ attach AED/ Insert opa and ventilate Reason for answer: Immediately begin CPR. Get oxygen circulated.
  • An adult patient is in cardiac arrest with bystander CPR in progress. What should you do?
  • Continue CPR while partner does AED Reason for answer: Never interrupt CPR( 10 seconds max). Uncertain how long bystander has been doing CPR.
  • If the heart lacks the power to pump blood through the circulatory system, it is known as?
  • Cardiogenic shock/ Distributive/ hypovolemic shock Reason for answer: circulatory system( key word); Pump failure
  • A 67 year old male has significant shortness of breath, chest pain, and nausea. He is ashen and clammy. Vitals are BP 90/60, P 148, and R 34. You should?
  • Place supine position / place in position of comfort/ admin Nitro/ admin albuterol Reason for answer: Place in Supine Position. Patient is borderline shock with BP of 90/60 and Respiratory rate is 34.
  • A child is in cardiac arrest with unknown down time. What should you do?
  • Perform CPR while attaching AED Reason for answer: key is unknown time.
  • When do coronary arteries fill with blood?
  • Diastolic/ systolic/ exhalation/ inhalation Reason for answer: “Die” means diastolic. retracts.
  • A 36 year old female with history of congenital heart defects is slow to respond. She is pale, cool, and clammy. Vitals are BP 68/30, P 128, and R
  • 24.A 64 year old patient tells you I feel like I’m about to die. You administer Nitro and oxygen and there is no relief of chest pain. Vitals are BP 90/66, P 60, R 24. You should?
    • Begin assisting ventilations/ more nitro/ transport immediately Reason for answer: You aren't capable of handling this.
    1. 69 year old male lying in bed complains of chest pain during your primary assessment he becomes unresponsive and pulseless. What should you do?
  • Move him to a hard surface Reason for answer: The bed isn’t firm
  • 26.What valve controls blood flow between the left atrium and left ventricle?
  • Mitral valve Reason for answer:
  • Which patient is most likely to benefit from an AED?
  • 54 year old choking patient who becomes unresponsive with no carotid pulse Reason for answer: No pulse
  • 28.What action does Aspirin have in the body that makes it beneficial for patients experiencing an AMI?
  • Breaks up red blood cell clots/ Prevents platelets from clotting Reason for answer: Makes them unsticky.
  • 29.Which vessels regulate regional blood flow to the capillary bodies?
  • Venules/ alveoli/ capillary ducts/ arterioles Reason for answer: Branches out to your body
  • 30.Which of the following is the largest artery in the body?
  • Carotid/ femoral/ great saphenous/ aorta Reason for answer:
  • Systolic blood pressure measures which of the following?
  • Ventricular contraction Reason for answer: Since

it is expanding

  • 32.The pulmonary artery carries?
    • Oxygenated blood to the heart/ deoxygenated blood away from the heart/ oxygenated blood away from the heart/ deoxygenated blood to heart Reason for answer: Goes from the right ventricle to the left/right pulmonary artery and goes to the lungs to get oxygenated.
  • 33.What is the muscular middle layer of the heart? - Pericardium/ epicardium/ endocardium/ myocardium Reason for answer: its Myocardium
  • 34.What best describes PEA?
  • Organized electrical activity without a pulse Reason for answer: Page 631 figure 16-3. Look at nodes. Pulse Electrical Activity
  • 35.Chronic hypertension in adults typically begins at a pressure of higher than? · 140/90, 200/100, 120/80, 100/ Reason for answer: 140/90 is the beginning since 120/80 and 100/60 is normal and low
  • 36.A 44 year old awakened with shortness of breath complaining of indigestion, nausea, and epigastric pressure. Antacids didn’t help. You should suspect?
  • Acute cholecystitis/ gastroesophageal reflux disease/ peptic ulcer disease/ Myocardial infarction Reason for answer: indigestion
  • An adult with a heart rate of 50 is considered?
  • Irregular/ normal/ bradycardia/ tachycardia Reason for answer: Slow, like Tom Brady
  • 38.A 36 year old with chest pain is conscious and alert Sp02 93%, you should?
  • Non rebreather at 15/ nasal cannula 4 lpm Reason for answer: Still in the 90’s
  • 39.Blood enters the right atrium from?
  • Vena Cava Reason for answer: Page 630 figure 16-

CPR

  • 49.EMRs have been performing effective CPR on a patient in cardiac arrest. Upon arrival the AED indicates “shock advised.” What should you do?
    • Defibrillate the patient Reason for answer: You better listen to save that life.
  • 50.Asthmatic 50 year old female patient is sitting at her desk. She is anxious and complaining of tightness in her chest. You should?
  • Contact medical control/ obtain BP administer Nitro/ assist with prescribed inhaler/ perform focused history and physical exam Reason for answer: To see if her medicine works
  • Which of the following is a sign of cardiogenic shock?
  • Systemic vasodilation/ jugular vein Distention / progressive hypotension / deep vein thrombosis Reason for answer: Progressive hypotension since cardiogenic shock is going low.
  • 52.You observe an older male slumped on the floor. He is pulseless. What should you do?
  • Start compressions Reason for answer: CAB -- Circulation, Airway, Breathing
  • 53.After delivering one shock with an AED your patient now has a pulse and effective respirations. Which position should you put them in?
  • Recovery Reason for answer: Once patient has Return Of Spontaneous Circulation, place patient on left lateral.
  • 54.Chest pain prior to calling, she took 3 doses of her prescribed sublingual nitro with no relief. What should you do?
  • Assess her vital signs/ admin O2/ consider placing AED pads/ admin your nitro Reason for answer: Nitro will increase BP, assessing to check for any problems
  • 55.What causes heart failure?
  • Poor gas exchange in alveoli/ inadequate ejection of blood from ventricles/ backup of excess fluid in lower extremities/ fluid accumulation in lungs Reason for answer:
  • 56.Aspirin is administered to patients with chest pain because it?
  • Decreases ability of platelets to form clots/ breaks up blood clots occluding the vessel/ relieves the patients chest pain/

eliminates side effects of nitro Reason for answer: unsticks

  • CPR has been ongoing for 10 minutes on a patient in cardiac arrest. An AED has just been applied and is ready to analyze. You should?
    • Stop compressions but continue ventilation/ stop CPR and clear the patient/ Stop CPR and check for a pulse/ Continue CPR until a shock is advised Reason for answer:
  • 58.A 48 year old male complains of an 8/10 crushing chest pain that radiates to his neck. Vital signs are 112/78, 60, and 18. Patients daily medications include metoprolol, Cialis, and aspirin. What should you do?
  • Assist the patient in admin nitro/ transport rapidly in a position of comfort to closest facility/ admin 405 mg of aspirin and reassess vitals/ perform a focused exam of the chest and reassess vital signs Reason for answer: Can’t do anything in the field
  • 59.While performing chest compressions, you should?
  • Make sure your knees are together/ keep your elbows slightly bent/ position your shoulders over your hands/ maintain positive pressure on the chest Reason for answer: helps maintain strength
  • 60.A Patient who collapsed has been revived following one shock with an AED. She is now moaning and breathing on her own. What should you do?
  • Remove the AED and transport to the nearest facility/ insert opa and do the jaw thrust maneuver/ put the patient on their side and monitor their airway/ keep her supine and jaw thrust Reason for answer:
  • Patient complains of chest pain radiating to both sides of his shoulders after dinner. He is pale, diaphoretic, and slightly short of breath. Pain worsens with a deep breath. Vitals are 150/90, 120 and irregular, and 20. You should suspect?
  • Costochondritis/ Myocardial infarction/ Angina/ Indigestion Reason for answer: After eating, indigestion and chest pain
  • 62.A 78 year old diabetic patient with a syncopal episode now complains of anxiety, shortness of breath, and back pain. You should suspect?
  • Acute asthma attack/ Acute coronary syndrome/ Hypotensive crisis/ transient ischemic attack Reason for answer:
  • 63.An 84 year old male with a history of “heart problems” complains of chest pain. The chest pain started 30 minutes ago while at rest. Vital signs are 110/70, 92, 20, Sp02 95%. What should you do?

a deep breath. Vital signs are BP 150/90, P 120 and irregular, R 20. You should suspect: Myocardial Infarction

  • A 57 year old female developed severe weakness and mild shortness of breath while shoveling snow. She is diaphoretic and complaining of nausea and jaw pain. You should suspect

Acute Myocardial infarction

  • you are in an airport and see an adult collapse. As you get the AED from the wall, a bystander starts CPR. If indicated, you should deliver your first shock:

as soon as possible on arrival at the patient's side