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Cardiovascular System Anatomy and Physiology, Exams of Anatomy

Newman UniversityAnatomy

A comprehensive overview of the cardiovascular system, covering key topics such as the structure and function of the heart chambers, valves, and major blood vessels. It also discusses common cardiovascular conditions, including congenital defects, coronary artery disease, and heart failure. Likely intended for use in an anatomy or physiology course, providing students with a detailed understanding of the cardiovascular system and its role in the body. The content covers a range of topics, from the basic anatomy of the heart and blood vessels to the pathophysiology of various cardiovascular disorders. This document could be a valuable resource for university students studying medicine, nursing, or related health sciences, as it offers a thorough examination of the cardiovascular system and its clinical relevance.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 10/22/2024

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Anatomy Chapter 4 - Cardiovascular
System Exam 2023 A+
The heart chamber located most anteriorly and forming the anterior border of the
cardiac shadow on a lateral chest radiograph is the:
a. Left atrium
b. Left ventricle
c. Right atrium
d. Right ventricle - ANS-D
The bicuspid valve is also known as the:
a. Left atrioventricular valve
b. Right atrioventricular valve
c. Aortic valve
d. Pulmonary valve - ANS-A
Contraction of the myocardium is termed:
a. Diastole
b. Systole
c. Peristole
d. Myostole - ANS-B
How many posterior ribs should be visible on a good inspiration PA chest radiograph?
a. 12
b. 10
c. 8
d. 6 - ANS-B
In a fetus, the ductus arteriosus connects the:
a. Aorta and the superior vena cava
b. Aorta and pulmonary trunk
c. Right and left atria
d. Right and left ventricles - ANS-B
Which of the following defects are included in tetralogy of Fallot?
a. Pulmonary stenosis
b. Ventricular septal defect
c. Hypertrophy of right ventricle
d. a and c
e. a,b, and c - ANS-E
A condition in which the left ventricle cannot pump an amount of blood equal to the
venous return of the right ventricle is:
a. Coronary artery disease
b. Left-sided congestive heart failure
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Anatomy Chapter 4 - Cardiovascular

System Exam 2023 A+

The heart chamber located most anteriorly and forming the anterior border of the cardiac shadow on a lateral chest radiograph is the: a. Left atrium b. Left ventricle c. Right atrium d. Right ventricle - ANS-D The bicuspid valve is also known as the: a. Left atrioventricular valve b. Right atrioventricular valve c. Aortic valve d. Pulmonary valve - ANS-A Contraction of the myocardium is termed: a. Diastole b. Systole c. Peristole d. Myostole - ANS-B How many posterior ribs should be visible on a good inspiration PA chest radiograph? a. 12 b. 10 c. 8 d. 6 - ANS-B In a fetus, the ductus arteriosus connects the: a. Aorta and the superior vena cava b. Aorta and pulmonary trunk c. Right and left atria d. Right and left ventricles - ANS-B Which of the following defects are included in tetralogy of Fallot? a. Pulmonary stenosis b. Ventricular septal defect c. Hypertrophy of right ventricle d. a and c e. a,b, and c - ANS-E A condition in which the left ventricle cannot pump an amount of blood equal to the venous return of the right ventricle is: a. Coronary artery disease b. Left-sided congestive heart failure

c. Right-sided congestive heart failure d. Patent ductus arteriosus - ANS-B Risk factors associated with atherosclerosis include: A. Low blood sugar levels B. Hypertension C. Cigarette smoking a. A and B b. A and C c. B and C d. A,B, and C - ANS-C A decrease in tissue blood supply is termed: a. Atheroma b. Infarction c. Ischemia d. Necrosis - ANS-C The single most frequent cause of deaths in the United States is: a. Congestive heart failure b. Coronary artery disease c. Transposition of the great vessels d. Valvular disease - ANS-B Clinical signs of a myocardial infarction include: A. Shortness of breath B. Crushing chest pain C. Neck pain a. A and B b. A and C c. B and C d. A,B, and C - ANS-D Which type of vessel is used as the graft material for coronary artery bypass grafts? a. Arteries b. Capillaries c. Veins - ANS-C Aortic aneurysms most commonly occur in the: a. Abdominal aorta above the level of the renal arteries b. Abdominal aorta below the level of the renal arteries c. Thoracic aorta - ANS-B

Cor pulmonale - ANS-Hypertension in the pulmonary artery and an enlargement of the right ventricle of the heart Coronary artery disease (CAD) - ANS-Disease of the arteries of the heart often resulting from deposition of atheromas in the arteries supplying blood to the heart muscle Diastole - ANS-The phase of the heart cycle in which the myocardium is relaxing Dissecting aneurysm - ANS-An aneurysm resulting from hemorrhage that causes longitudinal splitting of the arterial wall Doppler echocardiography - ANS-a procedure that uses ultrasound technology to examine the heart or blood vessels Ductus arteriosus - ANS-The blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery to the proximal descending aorta in the fetus which should normally close at birth Embolization - ANS-Interventional angiography procedure in which devices such as coils are used to intentionally clot off vessels, often before surgery to prevent excessive bleeding Endocardium - ANS-The inner membrane layer of tissue lining the heart Epicardium - ANS-The inner layer of pericardium surrounding the heart which forms an outer layer of connective tissue covering the heart Foramen ovale - ANS-An opening between the right and left atria of the fetal heart which should normally close at birth Fusiform aneurysm - ANS-An arterial aneurysm in which the entire circumference of the vessel wall is affected Gated cardiac blood pool scans - ANS-A gated nuclear medicine procedure of the heart that demonstrates heart motion and the ejection of blood from the heart Heart - ANS-A muscular organ in humans and other animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system Infarct - ANS-An area if ischemic necrosis Intima - ANS-The spread and multiplication of a pathogenic organism or malignant cells Ischemia - ANS-A local and temporary impairment of circulation caused by obstruction of circulation

Lumen - ANS-The inside space of a tubular structure, such as an artery or intestine. By extension, the term lumen is also used to describe the inside space of a cellular component or structure, such as the endoplasmic reticulum Media - ANS-The middle, muscular layer of a vessel wall M-mode echocardiography - ANS-Dynamic, one-dimensional sonographic images of the heart Murmur - ANS-An abnormal extra heart sound indicating a structural or functional defect of the heart Myocardial perfusion scan - ANS-A non-invasive imaging test that shows how well blood flows through (perfuses) your heart muscle. It can show areas of the heart muscle that aren't getting enough blood flow. This test is often called a nuclear stress test. It can also show how well the heart muscle is pumping. Myocardium - ANS-The muscle layer of the heart Patent ductus arteriosus - ANS-Abnormal persistence of an open ductus arteriosus after birth, resulting in recirculation of arterial blood through the lungs Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) - ANS-Use of a specialized catheter, typically equipped with an inflatable balloon, to perform vessel repair from within the artery or vein during angiography Permanent catheterization - ANS-Interventional angiography procedure, in which a catheter is placed in the subclavian or jugular vein and tunneled under skin to allow for improved dialysis access Phlebitis - ANS-Inflammation of a vein, often associated with venous thrombosis Pulmonary embolus - ANS-A mass of foreign matter present in a pulmonary artery or one of its branches Rheumatic fever - ANS-An illness that results form an untreated strep throat condition Right and left atria - ANS-The main function is to facilitate circulation by rhythmically contracting and relaxing their walls, pushing the blood that is returned to them via the major venous vessels during ventricular systole into the ventricles. There are two atria in the human heart, which receive blood - the left atrium from the lungs, and the right atrium from the venous circulation. Right and left ventricles - ANS-two large chambers in the heart that collect and expel blood received from an atrium towards the peripheral beds within the body and lungs. The atrium (an adjacent/upper heart chamber that is smaller than a ventricle) primes the

Venous thrombosis - ANS-The formation of blood clots within a vein Ventricular septal defects - ANS-An abnormal opening between the right and left ventricles of the heart allowing the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood Which has thicker walls, the left or right ventricle? - ANS-The left ventricle has thicker walls because it needs to pump blood to most of the body, while the right ventricle fills only the lungs Where is the tricuspid valve? - ANS-Between the right atrium and ventricle