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A&P 163 Previous Tests 2024 Questions & Answers |
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When defective erythrocytes are broken down, A) they are removed from the blood by the lungs. B) their iron is excreted into the small intestine. C) bilirubin is formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin. D) their heme groups are converted into amino acids. E) their components cannot be recycled. - โโC) bilirubin is formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin. The exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of __________. A) arterioles B) veins C) venules D) arteries E) capillaries - โโE) capillaries Resistance in the cardiovascular system A) is directly related to flow (โ R โ โ Flow). B) tends to decrease as the diameter of blood vessels decreases. C) does not occur. If it did, blood would not circulate in the blood vessels. D) tends to increase if blood viscosity increases. E) dramatically increases blood flow through the circulatory system. - โโD) tends to increase if blood viscosity increases.
Which blood component is NOT correctly matched with its function? A) Monocytes - become macrophages B) Leukocytes - protect against disease C) Platelets - phagocytize bacteria D) Erythrocytes - transport oxygen E) Plasma proteins - maintain blood osmotic pressure; involved in clotting - โโC) Platelets - phagocytize bacteria The volume of blood pumped during each cardiac cycle is the Multiple Choice A) stroke volume. B) end-systolic volume. C) end-diastolic volume. D) cardiac reserve. E) cardiac output. - โโA) stroke volume. Plasma is __________ while formed elements are __________. A) a blood gas; blood clots B) the liquid portion of blood; the cells C) mostly protein; the matrix D) lacking in protein; regulators of blood osmolality E) the cellular portion of blood; acellular components - โโB) the liquid portion of blood; the cells Which vessels transport blood to the right and left lungs? A) Aorta B) Pulmonary veins
E) are released in response to parasympathetic stimulation. - โโC) cause an increase in stroke volume. If a young boy is diagnosed with hemophilia, he would have A) a type of cancer affecting white blood cells. B) an increased erythrocyte count. C) an antigen-antibody reaction. D) an infection of the blood. E) a disorder of the clotting process. - โโE) a disorder of the clotting process. As viscosity of the blood increases, A) the pressure required to force it to flow decreases. B) the pressure required to force it to flow increases. C) the fluid becomes thinner. D) the flow does not change. E) the hematocrit decreases. - โโB) the pressure required to force it to flow increases. Ginger had her blood analyzed and was informed that both anti-B and anti-D antibodies were present. Which of the following accurately explain her test results? A) Ginger has type Aโ blood, but has never been exposed to either the B nor D antigens. B) Ginger is most likely Oโ and though she has been exposed to the B and D antigen, she has not been exposed to the A antigen. C) Ginger is type B+ and has not been exposed to the B nor the D antigens. D) Ginger has type Aโ blood and has been exposed to the D antigen at some time in her life. - โโA) Ginger has type Aโ blood, but has never been exposed to either the B nor D antigens. The valve located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk is the
A) mitral valve. B) pulmonary semilunar valve. C) aortic semilunar valve. D) tricuspid valve. E) bicuspid valve. - โโB) pulmonary semilunar valve. A blood clot attached to a blood vessel wall is called a(n) __________. A) hemorrhage B) thrombus C) anticoagulant D) embolus E) prostacyclin - โโB) thrombus All of the following are functions of the circulatory system, except A) directs blood flow to tissues. B) regulates blood pressure. C) transports nutrients. D) carries blood. E) excretes waste products. - โโE) excretes waste products. Chemoreceptors sensitive to blood oxygen levels are primarily located in the A) right atrium. B) carotid arteries. C) medulla oblongata. D) left ventricle.
C) SA node. D) AV node. E) PM node. - โโC) SA node. The hematocrit is A) the number of RBCs in the body. B) the amount of hemoglobin by weight in the blood. C) an estimate of blood flow/hour. D) the number of WBCs per mm3. E) the percentage of RBCs in a given volume of blood. - โโE) the percentage of RBCs in a given volume of blood. Agglutination of red blood cells means A) they lose their nucleus. B) they clump together. C) they form a clot. D) they bump into each other. E) they rupture. - โโB) they clump together. Contraction of the ventricles is referred to as ventricular __________. A) diastole B) depolarization C) fibrillation D) ischemia E) systole - โโE) systole
Mr. Smith moved from a low altitude to a high altitude and experienced an increase in RBCs. Which of the following caused this increase? A) The increased CO2 retention that occurs at high altitudes B) Increased exercise C) The increased metabolic rate seen at higher altitudes D) The lower temperature present at higher altitudes E) The lower O2 concentration seen at higher altitudes - โโE) The lower O2 concentration seen at higher altitudes In the aorta, A) the blood pressure and blood velocity are both high. B) the velocity of blood flow is high, but blood pressure is low. C) the resistance to blood flow and the blood pressure are both low. D) velocity is diminished because the total cross-sectional area is small. E) the resistance to blood flow is high, but velocity of blood flow is low. - โโA) the blood pressure and blood velocity are both high. The ability of white blood cells to leave the circulation and enter tissues is called __________. A) diapedesis B) intrusion C) exocytosis D) chemotaxis E) margination - โโA) diapedesis Which of the following cell types is incorrectly matched with its description? A) Basophils - release histamine
Which protein forms a bridge between exposed vessel wall collagen and platelet surface receptors? A) von Willebrand factor B) Fibrinogen C) Endothelin D) Thromboxanes - โโA) von Willebrand factor What event(s) occur during the QRS complex of an electrocardiogram? A) Depolarization of the atria B) Depolarization of the atria and repolarization of the ventricles C) Depolarization of the ventricles and repolarization of the atria D) Repolarization of the ventricles - โโC) Depolarization of the ventricles and repolarization of the atria Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) occurs when A) an Rh-negative woman is carrying an Rh-positive fetus. B) an Rh-negative woman is carrying an Rh-negative fetus. C) an Rh-positive woman is carrying an Rh-negative fetus. D) an Rh-positive woman is carrying an Rh-positive fetus. - โโA) an Rh-negative woman is carrying an Rh-positive fetus. Which of the following layers forms the bulk of the heart wall? A) Endocardium B) Pericardium C) Myocardium D) Visceral pericardium E) Epicardium - โโC) Myocardium
Blood in the superior vena cava will enter the __________. A) pulmonary veins B) aorta C) pulmonary arteries D) right atrium E) pulmonary trunk - โโD) right atrium When the blood pressure of a vessel drops below the critical closing pressure for that vessel, A) there is an increase in blood flow. B) the vessel expands. C) there is an increase in peripheral resistance. D) the vessel collapses. E) there is hypertension. - โโD) the vessel collapses. Blood vessels enter and exit from the __________ of the heart. A) inferior aspect B) base C) auricles D) trigone E) apex - โโB) base A person with type O blood should receive a blood transfusion from a donor with A) type A blood. B) type B blood.
Erythropoietin A) is produced in response to increased blood pressure. B) is produced by the red bone marrow. C) is secreted by the kidney. D) inhibits the production of erythrocytes. E) is found both in the plasma and inside red blood cells. - โโC) is secreted by the kidney. When ventricular pressure exceeds atrial pressure, the A) blood is pumped into the atrium. B) atria pump blood into the ventricles. C) AV valves close. D) ventricle is in diastole. E) ejection occurs. - โโC) AV valves close. Which of the following would increase resistance to blood flow? A) A decrease in the number of red blood cells B) A decrease in blood viscosity C) A decrease in the radius of the vessel D) A decreased hematocrit E) A decrease in the length of the vessel - โโC) A decrease in the radius of the vessel A person with type B blood A) will have a transfusion reaction if given type B blood. B) can receive type A blood.
C) has antigen A. D) has anti-A antibodies. E) has anti-B antibodies. - โโD) has anti-A antibodies. A force that attracts fluid into the capillary from the tissue spaces is A) blood pressure. B) venous pressure. C) negative interstitial pressure. D) blood colloid osmotic pressure. E) active transport. - โโD) blood colloid osmotic pressure. When there is a drop in blood pressure, the body reacts immediately by way of the __________. A) adrenal medullary mechanism B) stress-relaxation mechanism C) chemoreceptor mechanism D) CNS ischemic mechanism E) baroreceptor mechanism - โโE) baroreceptor mechanism Mike has blood type A. He needs blood; however, blood type A is not available. The next best choice would be blood type __________. A) B B) O C) AB - โโB) O The P wave of an electrocardiogram indicates
D) measure of force blood exerts against blood vessel walls. E) viscosity of the blood and resistance to blood flow. - โโD) measure of force blood exerts against blood vessel walls. The right side of the heart receives blood from the body and pumps through the _________ circulation to the lungs. A) systemic B) pulmonary C) peripheral D) hepatic - โโB) pulmonary The product of the stroke volume times the heart rate is known as the A) cardiac reserve. B) venous return. C) end-systolic volume. D) end-diastolic volume. E) cardiac output. - โโE) cardiac output. Which of the following is NOT a major opening into the right atrium? A) Pulmonary vein B) Coronary sinus C) Superior vena cava D) Inferior vena cava - โโA) Pulmonary vein What vessel exits the left ventricle?
A) Pulmonary vein B) Aorta C) Pulmonary artery D) Pulmonary trunk - โโB) Aorta Peripheral chemoreceptors A) monitor blood pressure. B) are not sensitive to CO2 or H+ levels. C) are sensitive to small changes in O2 levels in the blood. D) are not sensitive to changes in pH of the blood. E) are located in the aortic and carotid bodies. - โโE) are located in the aortic and carotid bodies. Oxygen-poor blood passes through the _________. A) left AV (mitral) and aortic valves B) left AV (mitral) valve only C) right AV (tricuspid) valve only D) right AV (tricuspid) and pulmonary valves E) pulmonary and aortic valves - โโD) right AV (tricuspid) and pulmonary valves Arteries can constrict or dilate as needed because of the smooth muscle found in the __________. A) tunica interna B) tunica externa C) tunica adventitia D) tunica media E) tunica intima - โโD) tunica media
D) has both A and B antigens on the red cells. E) has O antigens on the red cells. - โโD) has both A and B antigens on the red cells. Which of the following is the most abundant of the plasma proteins? A) Globulins B) Fibrinogen C) Albumin D) Hemoglobin E) Immunoglobulins - โโC) Albumin In a normal ECG, the deflection that is generated by ventricular repolarization is called the __________. A) R wave B) T wave C) QRS wave D) S wave E) P wave - โโB) T wave RhoGam injections are given to A) prevent sensitization of the mother. B) desensitize the fetus. C) change the mother's blood type. D) protect the father. E) activate fetal Rh antigens. - โโA) prevent sensitization of the mother. Concerning heart sounds, which of the following is correct?
A) The second heart sound is heard when the AV valves are closing. B) The first heart sound is the sound of the semilunar valves closing. C) The first heart sound occurs at the beginning of ventricular diastole. D) The second heart sound occurs when blood flows into the superior vena cava. E) The first heart sound occurs at the beginning of ventricular systole. - โโE) The first heart sound occurs at the beginning of ventricular systole. Randolf was suffering from severe hepatitis. His skin appeared to be jaundiced. That color change was due to A) increased globin in his circulatory system. B) All the choices are correct. C) increased bilirubin in his circulatory system. D) increased heme in his circulatory system. E) decreased rate of globin breakdown. - โโC) increased bilirubin in his circulatory system. As soon as left ventricular pressure exceeds the pressure in the aorta, the A) pulmonary semilunar valve closes. B) ventricles pump blood into the atria. C) atria pump blood into the ventricles. D) AV valves open. E) aortic semilunar valve opens. - โโE) aortic semilunar valve opens. A blood pressure reading of 120/80 would A) indicate a systolic pressure of 120 mm Hg. B) indicate a diastolic pressure of 120 mm Hg.
