Carl Jung Theories of Personality, Slides of Personality Psychology

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THEORIES of

PERSONALITY - I

Anjelika Şimşek

Analytical psychology

Carl Jung

BIOGRAPHY OF CARL GUSTAV JUNG

Carl Gustav Jung

• Born: July 26, 1875, in Kesswil, a town on Lake Constance in Switzerland.
• Jung’s father, Johann Paul Jung, was a minister in the Swiss Reformed Church, and his mother, Emilie Preiswerk Jung, was the daughter of a theologian.
• Jung’s mother’s family had a tradition of spiritualism and mysticism, and his maternal grandfather, Samuel Preiswerk, was a believer in the occult and often talked to the dead.
• Jung’s parents had three children, a son born before Carl but who lived only 3 days and a daughter 9 years younger than Carl. Thus, Jung’s early life was that of an only child.

Carl Gustav Jung

• During his school years, Jung gradually became aware of two separate aspects of his self, and he called these his No. 1 and No. 2 personalities.
• In Memories, Dreams, Reflections , Jung (1961) wrote of his No. 2 personality: - I experienced him and his influence in a curiously unreflective manner; when he was present, No. 1 personality paled to the point of nonexistence, and when the ego that became increasingly identical with No. 1 personality dominated the scene, the old man, if remembered at all, seemed a remote and unreal dream.

Carl Gustav Jung

• In Jung’s own theory of attitudes, his No. 1 personality was extraverted and in tune to the objective world, whereas his No. 2 personality was introverted and directed inward toward his subjective world.
• After completing his medical degree from Basel University in 1900 , Jung became a psychiatric assistant to Eugene Bleuler at Burghöltzli Mental Hospital in Zürich, possibly the most prestigious psychiatric teaching hospital in the world at that time.
• Married Emma Rauschenbach, a young sophisticated woman from a wealthy Swiss family

Carl Gustav Jung

• In this dream, Jung and his family were living on the second floor of his house when he decided to explore hitherto unknown levels of his house. At the bottom level of his dwelling, he came upon a cave where he found “two human skulls, very old and half disintegrated”.
• Jung associate the skulls to some wish. Whom did Jung wish dead?
• “My wife and my sister-in-law—after all, I had to name someone whose death was worth the wishing!”
• “I was newly married at the time and knew perfectly well that there was nothing within myself which pointed to such wishes” (Jung, 1961).

Carl Gustav Jung

• At that time, Jung was not “newly married” but had been married for nearly 7 years, and for the previous 5 of those years he was deeply involved in an intimate relationship with a former patient named Sabina Spielrein.
• Jung needed more than one woman to satisfy the two aspects of his personality.
• However, the two women who shared Jung’s life for nearly 40 years were his wife Emma and another former patient named Antonia (Toni) Wolff (Bair, 2003).
• Emma Jung seemed to have related better to Jung’s No. 1 personality while Toni Wolff was more in touch with his No. 2 personality.

Carl Gustav Jung

• From December of 1913 until 1917, he underwent the most profound and dangerous experience of his life—a trip through the underground of his own unconscious psyche.
• Jung’s period of “creative illness” was similar to Freud’s self- analysis. Both men began their search for self while in their late 30s or early 40s : Freud, as a reaction to the death of his father; Jung, as a result of his split with his spiritual father, Freud.

Carl Gustav Jung

• A Christian, but did not attend church.
• Hobbies included wood carving, stone cutting, and sailing his boat on Lake Constance.
• In 1944, he became professor of medical psychology at the University of Basel, but poor health forced him to resign his position the following year.
• After his wife died in 1955, he was mostly alone, the “wise old man of Küsnacht.”
• He died June 6, 1961, in Zürich, a few weeks short of his 86th birthday.
• At the time of his death, Jung’s reputation was worldwide, extending beyond psychology to include philosophy, religion, and popular culture (Brome, 1978).

Conscious

• Conscious images are those that are sensed by the ego, whereas unconscious elements have no relationship with the ego.
• Ego as the center of consciousness, but not the core of personality.
• Self , the center of personality that is largely unconscious
• In a psychologically healthy person, the ego takes a secondary position to the unconscious self (Jung, 1951 / 1959 a).
• Healthy individuals are in contact with their conscious world, but they also allow themselves to experience their unconscious self and thus to achieve individuation.

Personal unconscious

• Embraces all repressed, forgotten, or subliminally perceived experiences of one particular individual.
• Formed by our individual experiences and is therefore unique to each of us.
• Contents of the personal unconscious are called complexes.
• A complex is an emotionally toned conglomeration of associated ideas.
• For example, a person’s experiences with Mother may become grouped around an emotional core so that the person’s mother, or even the word “mother,” sparks an emotional response that blocks the smooth flow of thought.

Archetypes

• Ancient or archaic images that derive from the collective unconscious.
• Archetypes have a biological basis but originate through the repeated experiences of humans’ early ancestors.
• Dreams are the main source of archetypal material
• Hallucinations of psychotic patients also offered evidence for universal archetypes

persona

• The side of the personality that people show to the world.
• Refers to the mask worn by actors in the early theater.
• No. 1 personality (Jung’s life)
• Should project a particular role that society dictates to us
• To become psychologically healthy, must balance between the demands of society and what we truly are.