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This case study presents a detailed scenario of a patient, k.b., diagnosed with graves' disease and experiencing a thyroid crisis. It explores the patient's symptoms, laboratory results, and treatment plan, providing insights into the management of hyperthyroidism and thyroid storm. The case study includes multiple questions and exercises designed to assess understanding of the concepts and clinical applications related to graves' disease and thyroid crisis.
Typology: Exercises
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Name Date Scenario: K.B. is a 65-year-old man admitted to the hospital after a 5-day episode of "the flu" with symptoms of dyspnea on exertion, palpitations, chest pain, insomnia, and fatigue. K.B. was diagnosed with Graves' disease 6 months ago and placed on methimazole (Tapazole) 15 mg/day. His other past medical history includes heart failure and hypertension requiring antihypertensive medications; however, he says that he has not been taking these medications on a regular basis. Vital signs (VS) are: 150/90, 124 irregular, 20, 100.2° F (37.9°C). Admission assessment findings are height 5 ft, 8 in (173 cm); weight 132 lb (60 kg); appears anxious and restless; loud heart sounds; 1+ pitting edema noted in bilateral lower extremities; diminished breath sounds with fine crackles in the posterior bases. K.B. begins to cry when he tells you he recently lost his wife; you notice someone has punched several more holes in his belt so he could tighten it.
Hemoglobin (Hgb) Hematocrit (Hct) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Sodium Potassium Chloride Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) Creatinine Free thyroxine (T ) Triiodothyronine (T ) 11.8 g/dL (118 g/L) 36% 48 mm/hr 141 mEq/L (141 mmolfL) 4.7 mEq/L (4.7 mmolfL) 101 mEq/L (101 mmol/L) 33 mg/dL (11.78 mmolfL) 1.9 mg/dL (168 mcmol/L) 14.0 ng/dL (180 pmol/L) 230 ng/dL (353 nmolfL)
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Propranolol (Inderal) 20 mg PO q6hr Dexamethasone 10 mg IV q6hr Methimazole (Tapazole) 15 mg/day twice daily Verapamil (Calan SR) 120 mg/day PO Furosemide 80 mg IV push now, then 40 mg/day IV push Diet as tolerated Stat ECG and echocardiogram Up ad lib IV of D5W at 125 mL/hr Daily weights with intake and output (I&O)
CASE STUDY PROGRESS After several hours of treatment, K.B:s condition stabilizes. The resident discusses two treatment options with K.B. and his family: radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy and subtotal thyroidectomy.
CASE STUDY OUTCOME Six months later, K.B:s heart rate, blood pressure, and thyroid hormone levels are within normal limits. He has gained 14 lbs (6.4 kg) and has started walking in the mornings without any dyspnea. He says he has started to do woodworking and has been doing some volunteer work at the senior center.