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Case Study: Graves' Disease and Thyroid Crisis - Prof. Jones, Exercises of Medical Sciences

This case study presents a detailed scenario of a patient, k.b., diagnosed with graves' disease and experiencing a thyroid crisis. It explores the patient's symptoms, laboratory results, and treatment plan, providing insights into the management of hyperthyroidism and thyroid storm. The case study includes multiple questions and exercises designed to assess understanding of the concepts and clinical applications related to graves' disease and thyroid crisis.

Typology: Exercises

2021/2022

Uploaded on 10/30/2024

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Name Date
Scenario:
K.B. is a 65-year-old man admitted to the hospital after a 5-day episode of "the flu" with symptoms of
dyspnea on exertion, palpitations, chest pain, insomnia, and fatigue. K.B. was diagnosed with Graves'
disease 6 months ago and placed on methimazole (Tapazole) 15 mg/day. His other past medical history
includes heart failure and hypertension requiring antihypertensive medications; however, he says that
he has not been taking these medications on a regular basis. Vital signs (VS) are: 150/90, 124 irregular,
20, 100.2° F
(37.9°C). Admission assessment findings are height 5 ft,
8
in (173 cm); weight 132 lb (60 kg);
appears anx
ious and restless; loud heart sounds; 1+ pitting edema noted in bilateral lower extremities;
diminished breath sounds with fine crackles in the posterior bases. K.B. begins to cry when he tells
you he recently lost his wife; you notice someone has punched several more holes in his belt so he
could tighten it.
Chart View
Laboratory Test Results
Hemoglobin (Hgb)
Hematocrit (Hct)
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
(ESR)
Sodium
Potassium
Chloride
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Creatinine
Free thyroxine (T )
Triiodothyronine (T
)
11.8 g/dL (118 g/L)
36%
48
mm/hr
141 mEq/L (141 mmolfL)
4.7 mEq/L (4.7 mmolfL)
101 mEq/L (101 mmol/L)
33 mg/dL (11.78 mmolfL)
1.9 mg/dL (168 mcmol/L)
14.0 ng/dL (180 pmol/L)
230 ng/dL (353 nmolfL)
1.
Which of
K.B:s
assessment findings represent manifestations of hypermetabolism?
2. Interpret K.B:s lab results.
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Name Date Scenario: K.B. is a 65-year-old man admitted to the hospital after a 5-day episode of "the flu" with symptoms of dyspnea on exertion, palpitations, chest pain, insomnia, and fatigue. K.B. was diagnosed with Graves' disease 6 months ago and placed on methimazole (Tapazole) 15 mg/day. His other past medical history includes heart failure and hypertension requiring antihypertensive medications; however, he says that he has not been taking these medications on a regular basis. Vital signs (VS) are: 150/90, 124 irregular, 20, 100.2° F (37.9°C). Admission assessment findings are height 5 ft, 8 in (173 cm); weight 132 lb (60 kg); appears anxious and restless; loud heart sounds; 1+ pitting edema noted in bilateral lower extremities; diminished breath sounds with fine crackles in the posterior bases. K.B. begins to cry when he tells you he recently lost his wife; you notice someone has punched several more holes in his belt so he could tighten it.

Chart View

Laboratory Test Results

Hemoglobin (Hgb) Hematocrit (Hct) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Sodium Potassium Chloride Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) Creatinine Free thyroxine (T ) Triiodothyronine (T ) 11.8 g/dL (118 g/L) 36% 48 mm/hr 141 mEq/L (141 mmolfL) 4.7 mEq/L (4.7 mmolfL) 101 mEq/L (101 mmol/L) 33 mg/dL (11.78 mmolfL) 1.9 mg/dL (168 mcmol/L) 14.0 ng/dL (180 pmol/L) 230 ng/dL (353 nmolfL)

1. Which of K.B:s assessment findings represent manifestations of hypermetabolism?

2. Interpret K.B:s lab results.

3. You go to assess K.B. What other data do you need to obtain because he has Graves' disease?

1 Chart View ,

Physician's Orders

Propranolol (Inderal) 20 mg PO q6hr Dexamethasone 10 mg IV q6hr Methimazole (Tapazole) 15 mg/day twice daily Verapamil (Calan SR) 120 mg/day PO Furosemide 80 mg IV push now, then 40 mg/day IV push Diet as tolerated Stat ECG and echocardiogram Up ad lib IV of D5W at 125 mL/hr Daily weights with intake and output (I&O)

4. The resident on call writes admission orders. Which will you question, and why?

5. What role does methimazole have in treating Graves' disease?

6. Describe 4 priority problems that will guide K.B:s nursing care.

11. Describe how you would care for K.B. in the next hour.

12. How many total milliliters of diltiazem will you give for the first dose? How many for the

second, if needed?

13. What is your primary nursing goal at this time?

14. Describe 6 interventions you will perform over the next few hours based on this priority.

1S. Why was K.B. at risk for developing thyroid storm?

16. Identify 3 outcomes that you expect for K.B. as a result of your interventions.

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CASE STUDY PROGRESS After several hours of treatment, K.B:s condition stabilizes. The resident discusses two treatment options with K.B. and his family: radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy and subtotal thyroidectomy.

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21. Which statement shows K.B. understands the discharge instructions?

a. "I will take this medication on a full stomach:'

b. "If I get a sore throat, ice chips should help me feel better:'

c. "I should see an improvement in my symptoms by tomorrow:'

d. "I will follow the precautions for 2 weeks to keep my family safe:'

CASE STUDY OUTCOME Six months later, K.B:s heart rate, blood pressure, and thyroid hormone levels are within normal limits. He has gained 14 lbs (6.4 kg) and has started walking in the mornings without any dyspnea. He says he has started to do woodworking and has been doing some volunteer work at the senior center.