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CATEGORY 11 AERIAL APPLICATION EXAM | ALL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (DETAILED
ANSWERS) | LATEST EXAM | VERIFIED ANSWERS |
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The "deflector" on a CP nozzle performs what job? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------After the spray moves through the selected orifice size of the selector, the deflector acts as an anvil surface that the stream hits, creating a fan shaped spray pattern. What aspect of the "deflector" on a CP nozzle is adjustable? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The ANGLE is adjustable on the deflector of a CP nozzle. Changing the angle at which the spray mix hits the deflector, changes the droplet size. (Think using your thumb on a garden hose to spray water) What is the main benefit of rotary atomizer nozzles? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------They can distribute pesticides at a wide range of application rates and generate a wide range of droplet sizes. What is used to propel spray outward in a rotary atomizer? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Centrifugal force Spray mix passes through what to determine droplet size? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A rotating screen What determines the size of a droplet when using rotary atomizers? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The speed of the rotating screen
Typically a rotary atomizer can generate a swath of what width? --------- CORRECT ANSWER----------------- 10 - 15ft If you want to increase your spray output by two, what must you increase your pump pressure by? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Four A large increase in spray pressure will substantially increase what? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The number of small droplets generated Instead of increasing pressure to increase boom output rate, what are three other changes you can make? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ The nozzle tip size
- The orifice size
- The number of nozzles in use It is acceptable to alter the spray pressure to increase what? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A SMALL change in boom output, 10% or less. What are the two common types of check valves used in spray systems? -- -------CORRECT ANSWER------------------Diaphragm check valve
- Needle and seat check valve At what pressure to diaphragm check valves generally seal? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------7 psi
- More than 250 lbs/acre
- If the ejection rate is more than 35 lbs/second What governs the feed rate of dry products supplying the ram air spreader? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A metering gate that is either hinged or a sliding hatch. What commonly contributes to uneven FEED of dry formulations? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Uneven wear of gasket material around the metering gate. What type of metering gate requires more frequent calibration? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Hinged metering gates because they are designed for wet AND dry use. Uneven hopper to spreader feed due to uneven adjustment will usually case what? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Uneven ram air spreader swath pattern. What is critical for uniform treatments of dry material at low application rates? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Even flow through the metering gate. When TOO much product meters in what happens to the spreader ducting? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Ducting will clog and less air is able to flow through the unit.
Increasing the amount of dry product entering the spreader requires what else to increase? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The air flow. If the application rate is more than can be put through the spreader in one application, what should you do? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Cut the swath width in half and double apply the product. What are some defining characteristics of the spreader vanes in a ram air spreader? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------Laterally adjacent curved ducts
- Two adjustable sections on each vane, one located at the front and one at the rear Which part of the duct does the dry product flow through when it enters the airstream? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The product moves along the internal ceiling of the spreader. What aspect must a spreader vane NOT have, that will inhibit even flow? -- -------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Air gaps along the vane and duct ceiling. If an air gap occurs, it will allow product to move uncontrollably from one duct to another during the operation. Which vanes can you reposition to make major adjustments in swath uniformity? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The inlet vanes
When making rear vane adjustments, the goal is to change the airflow so that it is what three things? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ Smooth
- Nonobstructive
- Nonimpeding What action must you complete before dropping in over any obstructions on swath approach? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Turnaround Do not make turns over the following at any time? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Residences, poultry houses, livestock, and ponds/reservoirs. Minimum altitude you must maintain during ferrying flights? --------- CORRECT ANSWER----------------- 50 0ft AGL When ferrying never fly directly over what kind of buildings? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Farm buildings During ferrying flights it is good practice to do what on each new run? ------- --CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Deviate course 1/8-1/4 of a miles from your previous course Aerial application equipment is calibrated according to what metric? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------APM or Acres per minute
DGPS-mediated flow controllers do what? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----- ------------Adjust flow dependent on aircraft speed Application height is the distance between what two things? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------nozzle tip/spreader exit plant canopy Small droplet sprays require what sort of application heights? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Application heights of 8-10ft above canopy for droplet sizes in the 150-200 micron range What sort of water could you use for spray pattern testing? - -------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Dyed water When spray pattern testing with oil based test liquid, what sort of cards should be used? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Oil sensitive cards Effective swath is: ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The span of the spray pattern that contains enough pesticide to obtain the desired result/pest control Overall swath is: ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The outermost range that spray droplets within your pattern will reach but are not enough to result in satisfactory pest control
complete, fly one or two parallel clean up passes to catch the swaths you cut off early for. What are the different types of ground crew members? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------On site field crew
- Mix/load crew
- Application equipment servicing crew What jobs do the On Site Field Crew perform? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------Current weather conditions
- Topographical feature awareness
- Location and dimension of ground based hazards
- Buffer zone delineations
- Other factors affecting the job The process of "Reregistration" refers to what practice by the EPA? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Reviewing of older pesticides (those registered before November 1984_ to ensure that they meet current scientific and regulatory standards. What process may lead to the changing of pesticide labeling on a product you have been using for years? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- "Reregistration" performed by the EPA What is the most likely route of pesticide exposure for aerial applicators? --- ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Dermal
Is it true that different handling activities (mixing, loading, applying, cleaning equipment etc) may require different PPE? ---------CORRECT ANSWER---- -------------YES, TRUE The effect of any pesticide depends on which two factors? --------- CORRECT ANSWER------------------Amount of chemical absorbed
- Size of the organism receiving the chemical The measurement of:
- The amount of chemical absorbed
- The size of the organism receiving the chemical Is referred to as what term? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Dosage When referring to "dosage" the amount of chemical is measured in what form? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Milligrams(mg) When referring to "dosage" the size of the recipient is measured in what form? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Kilograms(kg) This example illustrates what key concept? "a single grain of salt will injure an ant, but not a human" ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Dosage The ability of a chemical substance to cause injury is called? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Toxicity
Common symptoms of pesticide poisoning may include? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------headache, dizziness, muscle weakness
- Nausea, vomiting, changes in heart rate
- Seizures, tightness in the chest
- Cramping, mental confusion Cholinesterase is essential for what in the body? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Regulation of nerve impulses What two types of pesticides can effect cholinesterase in the body? --------- CORRECT ANSWER------------------Organophosphates
- Carbamates When should your doctor perform a baseline cholinesterase test? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------During the off season when exposure to organophosphates is low or non existent. When should your doctor perform cholinesterase test to determine if your exposure level to organophosphates is too high? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------During the spray season when exposure potential is high. What member of a spray operation is at the greatest risk for pesticide exposure? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Ground crew members.
Does sweaty skin absorb more or less pesticide than dry skin? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------More A service crew member is considered_________ until a spray rig/parts are cleaned and rinsate is managed? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- A pesticide handler When others are present, the first step in a poisoning emergency is to? ----- ----CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Call an ambulance, poison control center, or doctor depending on the situation. If skin from pesticide exposure has started to blister, what should you NOT do? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Towel dry the effected area. Do not apply what to a chemically burned skin? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Ointment, Grease, Spray How long should you rinse an eye that has been exposed to a pesticide? --- ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- 15 - 20 minutes total, if victim wears contact lenses, remove after the first 5 minutes of rinsing Signs of shock from pesticide exposure? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------- -----------Pale, cold, moist, clammy skin
- Vacant eyes with dilated pupils
Can you legally apply a pesticide to a site not mentioned on a label if you are targeting a pest permitted by the label? ---------CORRECT ANSWER---- -------------NO, because the target site is what determines legal use of a product. What is the single most important factor affecting drift? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Droplet size What is spray drift? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The PHYSICAL movement of spray particles through the air at the time of a pesticide application. What movement types are NOT considered pesticide drift? --------- CORRECT ANSWER------------------Erosion
- Migration
- Volitility
- Windblown contaminated soils Spray droplet size is affected by: ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- The:
- Equipment
- Formulation
- Adjuvents selected
- Weather conditions Spray droplets are generally measured in: ---------CORRECT ANSWER----- ------------Microns
The measurement of a micron is what? ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------- --------one millionth of a meter Spray droplets of what size are not visible to the unaided eye? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Less than 100 microns Droplets with diameters of 150 microns are similar in size to? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The diameter of a human hair Droplets of what size make up most drifting pesticides? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Less than 150 microns The "droplet size spectrum" of a given nozzle is? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The entire range of droplet sizes that it emits Dry fog is generally what micron measurement? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------5 micron Misty rain is generally what micron measurement? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------100 micron Heavy rain is generally what micron measurement? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------1000 micron
The settling velocity of a 200 micron droplet is? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------231 feet/minute The settling velocity of a 20 micron droplet is ---------CORRECT ANSWER-- ---------------2.4 feet/minute What can you adjust to alter spray droplet size? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------Nozzle type
- Orifice diameter
- Spray pattern angle
- Travel speed
- Spray pressure
- Nozzle mounting angle What are a few of the common nozzle types used in aerial application? ----- ----CORRECT ANSWER------------------Cone
- Fan
- Straight stream
- Rotary atomizers Which spray pattern angle is less likely to create drift prone droplets, 80 or 110 degree? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------80 degree Which spray pattern is less likely to produce drift prone droplets, conical or fan? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Fan pattern
What influence does air shear have on spray droplets? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Causes droplets to collide with each other an break up, creating a greater number of drift prone droplets. How should nozzles be angled to avoid disruption by air shear? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------In the same direction as the air flow, generally straight back for a fixed wing aircraft. When applying pesticides aerially, what can you do to create the lest drift possible? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Apply using the slowest speed you can safely operate at. Increasing spray pressure causes what? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------- -----------Spray droplets to become smaller
- A larger proportion of the spray to become drift prone To double your spray output using pressure, what sort of increase to pump pressure must you have? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The pressure must be quadrupled What other options do aerial applicators have to alter spray output? --------- CORRECT ANSWER------------------Change in travel speed
- Change in nozzle tips "Operational Guidelines" is a catch all category for what? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Spray system features that you can manipulate to manage the size of spray droplets, including:
