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CCBMA CLINICAL EXAM 2025|ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS|GRADED A+
Asepsis - Free from infection or infectious material Medical asepsis - Defined as the destruction of disease causing organisms Surgical asepsis - Destruction of all organisms sued for surgery or injections Sterile field - A work area free of all pathogens and non-pathogens (including spores) Resident flora - microorganisms that normally reside on the skin, mucous membranes,and inside the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts Transient flora - microbes that reside on the skin surface and are easily removed byhand hygiene Hand hygiene - washing hands with either plain or antiseptic soap and water and using alcohol-based hand rubs How long should you wash your hands for? - 1 minute and 15 seconds How long should you rub hand sanitizer? - 20 - 30 seconds Sanitization - cleaning process that REDUCES pathogen leavels to produce a healthy,clean environment Disinfection - A process that eliminates many or all microorganisms, with the exceptionof bacteria spores, from inanimate objects
Sterilization - The process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores. Autoclave - Piece of equipment used to sterilize articles by way of steam underpressure and/or dry heat The recommended temperature for effective sterilization in an autoclave is: - 250 - 255 Autoclave tape indicator - Used to show that the instruments have been properlysteralized by changing colors. Sterile technique - Techniques of creating a sterile field and performing within the sterilefield to keep microbes at an irreducible minimum Surgical instruments - Cutting Dissecting Grasping and Clamping Dilating and Probing Visualizing Surgical sutures - thread or wire used to hold tissue and skin together Vital sings - human indicators of internal homeostasis Temperature - A measure of how hot or cold something is. Normal temperature range - 98.6 (97.7-99.5)
Pulse rythm - The time interval between heartbeats Pulse volume - The strength of the heartbeat as it contracts Respiration - Provide for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide among theatmosphere, blood, and body cells. Respiration rate - number of breaths per minute Respiration rhythm - the pattern of breaths Respiration depth - amount of air inhaled and exhaled Blood pressure - the pressure that is exerted by the blood against the walls of bloodvessels Systolic pressure - highest point of pressure on arterial walls when the ventriclescontract Diastolic pressure - second number of a blood pressure reading; measurement of the pressure on artery walls when the heart is relaxed Blood volume - the amount of fluid in blood Peripheral resistance - thickness of blood Vessel elasticity - refers to to the ability of arteries to expand and contract to provide asteady flow of blood The normal blood pressure range - 120/
Sphygmomanometer - instrument to measure blood pressure Methods of examination - inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation, mensuration, manipulation Inspection - the act of examining or reviewing Palpation - to examine by touch Percussion - tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure Auscutation - Listening for sounds within the body, usually with a stethoscope Mensuration - process of measuring
cover the entire patient from the nipple line and down. Suspine position - lying on back, facing upward, used for heart, breast, and abdominal exams. Drape should be open down in front and be placed over any exposed area notbeing examined. Dorsal recumbent position - Lying on the back, with the knees flexed, used for rectal, vagina, and perineal digital exams. Patient should be completely draped with the drapein a diamond shape. (not used if a speculum internment is needed) Lithotomy position - lying on back with legs raised and feet in stirrups, used for pap exams. Diagonal Drape should go over the abdomen and knees. Sims position - lying on left side with right knee drawn up and with left arm drawn behind, parallel to the back. Used for rectal exams for rectal medication and some parental and pelvic exams. Drape extends diagonally from under the arm and below theknees. Prone position - lying face down, used for back exams. Drape should cover from themiddle of the back to below the knees with the gown opening in the back. Knee-chest position - patient is lying face down with the hips bent so that the knees andchest rest on the table and butt is in the air. Used for proctologic, sigmoid, and rectal exams. A gown should open in the back and an opening drape or a single sheet shouldbe dropped diagonally over the patient's back at the sacral area. Trendelenburg position - lying on back with body tilted so that the head is lower than thefeet Patient identifiers - any demographic information that can identify the patient, such asname, address, phone number, Social Security number, or medical identification number
Specimen Collection and Processing - Chemistry tests are performed on either serumor plasma. Urinalysis - the examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements Dipstick urinalysis - involves dipping a type of chemical analysis strip into a sample orurine and reading the colors of the squares that measure the specific gravity, acidity (ph), glucose, ketones, blood, leukocytes, nitrites, bilirubin, and urobilinogen levels inthe sample Chain of custody - the documented and unbroken transfer of evidence Reagent strips - most widely used technique to chemically analyze urine. Clinitest - popular test for urine glucose or other substances Hematology - study of blood Qualitative testing - Focus on characteristics or components of cells Quantitive data - numbers obtained by counting or measuring Hematocrit (Hct) - - percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood Female: 36-46%Male: 42 - 52% Increased = dehydrated Decrease = over hydrated, anemia, blood loss ***Should be 3 times the Hgb
Snellen test - Test visual Acuity. Pt stands 20 ft reads letters. Near visual acuity - Conducted with a card similar to the snellen eye chart andconducted at a distance of 14 to 16 inches. Color vision tests - use of multicolored charts to determine ability of patient to recognizecolor Health history form - Form that asks patients to list any illnesses or surgeries they havehad, family history, medications taken, chronic health issues, allergies, and other physicians they consulted. Database - The record of the patients demographic info along with history, physicalexam, and lab findings. History of present illness - the story of the patient's problem
Past history - information that includes any childhood or adult diseases, surgicalprocedures, accidents, pregnancies, deliveries, and allergies Usual childhood diseases - used here to record that the patient had all the "usual" orcommonly contracted illnesses during childhood. Family history - the record of a disease's presence and impact within a family Social History - a record of habits like smoking, drinking, drug abuse, and sexualpractices that can impact health Objective findings - health provider's findings (the physical exam) Subjective findings - what the patient says Uses of drugs - Prevention, Treatment, Diagnosis, Cure, Contraceptive, Palliative,Replacement Drug classification - A method of grouping drugs; may be based on structure ortherapeutic use. Prescription - a piece of paper written by a doctor that lets you get medicine at thepharmacy Drug Forms - The physical characteristics of medication Side effects - reactions to medicine other than the one intended Adverse Reactions - a list of possible unpleasant or dangerous secondary effects otherthan the desired effect
Lb - pound 2.2 lbs - 1 kg 3 tsp - 1 tbsp 1 tbsp - 15 ml 16 oz - 1 lb 1 oz - 30 ml, 2 Tbs, or 6tsp 1 tsp - 5 ml Absorption - The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of thedigestive system into the blood Methods of administration - oral- mouth via swallowing or smoking; Nasally- snorting or inhaling; IM- injection into a muscle; IV- Injecting into a vein; Subcutanious- injecting beneith the skin; Topical- applyed on top of the skin; Sublingually- dissolving under thetouge; rectally- inserted into the anus; Vagionally- inserted into the vagional opening Rules of Medication Administration - Right Medication, Right Dose, Right Route, RightTime, Right Patient, Right Education, Right to Refuse, Right Technique, and Right Documentation. Hub, hilt, shaft, lumen, point, and bevel - Needles consist of: Gauge and length of needle - The lumen size is indicated by the gauge.
Ampule medication - a single does of medication. 5/8 inch needle - should be used at a 45 degree angle with a 25 gauge forsubcutaneous injections 1/2 inch needle - 90 degree angle should be used with a 25 gauge for subcutaneous injections Sharps container - A puncture-proof container designed specifically to safely dispose ofneedles, scalpels, and other sharp disposable medical instruments Medication Information should include - Name, dose, lot number, expiration date, ordering providers name, and initials of the person that administered the vaccine Controlled substances - drugs that produce tolerance and dependence and havepotential for abuse or addiction Crash cart - wheeled cart that contains emergency medical equipment Crash cart supplies - emergency medications, needles, syringes, laryngoscope, endotracheal tube, ambu bag, red rubber catethers Defibulator - the use of electrical shock to restore the heart's normal rhythm IV therapy - The delivery of medication directly into a vein. Hyperventilation - the condition of taking abnormally fast, deep breaths Hyperventilation first aid - Relax the patient and use pursed lip breathing and slowlybowing out
- Give the victim pain reliever
- If signs of infection. Seek medical help Major burns first aid steps - call 911 Do not remove burned clothing stuck to skin monitor breathing and perform CPR if needed. Raise burned body part above heart level Choking first aid - perform abdominal thrust Abdominal thrusts - actions that apply pressure to a choking person's stomach to forcean object out of the throat Fractures - a crack or break in a bone First Aid: Fractures - 1. Immobilize area (above and below the suspected fracture)2. 911
- Treat open wound4. Apply RICE
- Splint Seizures - 1. The sudden attack or recurrence of a disease
- A single episode of epilepsy, often named for the type it represents Seizure first aid - Move the person to the floor and place in recovery position, gently raise the chin and tilt the head back slightly to open the airway. Place a towel under their head.
Shock First Aid - Maintain open airway for victim Call for assistance Keep victim lying down with head lower than body Attempt to control bleeding or cause of shock if known Keep victim warm until help arrives Animal bites first aid - Wash with soap and water Apply an over the counter antibiotic cream and cover with a clean bandage.For ambulatory care a tetanus immunization may be given. Chain of infection explanation - factors that lead to the transmission or spread ofdisease. Chain of infection - infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portalof entry, susceptible host Review of Systems (ROS) - A systematic approach for collecting the patient's self- reported data on all body systems. Usually taken by the physician When interviewing a patient to obtain their medical history the first step would be to ensure - privacy in a separate room. When laboratory procedures are performed in a medical office, there must be a strictadherence to
- CLIA and OSHA standards CLIA - Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment-the law that regulates human testing OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration
absorption A 25 gauge or 27 gauge syringe with 5/8-1" needle is used for a/an - subcutaneous injection The lens in a microscope is 100X. The Ocular is 10X. The total magnification would be - 1000 The use of an AED is for patients who are - unresponsive
