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CCHT-HEMODIALYSIS LATEST UPDATE GRADED A+, Exams of Medicine

SOLUTIONS THAT HAVE A HIGHER OSMOLARITY THAN BODY FLUIDS ARE CALLED ✔✔HYPERTONIC BLOOD THAT IS EXPOSED TO A HYPERTONIC SOLUTION CAUSE ✔✔CRENATION HEMOSTASIS DEPENDS ON ✔✔THE ABILITY OF NORMAL BLOOD VESSELS TO CONTRACT AND RETRACT WHEN INJURED THE ABILITY OF PLATELETS TO FORM PLUGS IN THE INJURED BLOOD VESSELS THE PRESENCE OF PLASMA COAGULATION FACTORS THE STABILITY OF THE BLOOD CLOT A NON-STERILE AQUEOUS SOLUTION THAT IS SIMILAR TO NORMAL LEVELS OF ELECTROLYTES FOUND IN THE EXTRA CELLULAR FLUID IS ✔✔DIALYSATE SOLUTION DRY WEIGHT IS THE TERM USED TO DESCRIBE THE STATUS OF A PATIENT WITH NO FLUID EXCESS IN THE ✔✔INTERSTITIAL AND VASCULAR COMPARTMENT

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 11/18/2024

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CCHT-HEMODIALYSIS LATEST UPDATE
GRADED A+
SOLUTIONS THAT HAVE A HIGHER OSMOLARITY THAN BODY FLUIDS ARE
CALLED ✔✔HYPERTONIC
BLOOD THAT IS EXPOSED TO A HYPERTONIC SOLUTION CAUSE ✔✔CRENATION
HEMOSTASIS DEPENDS ON ✔✔THE ABILITY OF NORMAL BLOOD VESSELS TO
CONTRACT AND RETRACT WHEN INJURED
THE ABILITY OF PLATELETS TO FORM PLUGS IN THE INJURED BLOOD VESSELS
THE PRESENCE OF PLASMA COAGULATION FACTORS
THE STABILITY OF THE BLOOD CLOT
A NON-STERILE AQUEOUS SOLUTION THAT IS SIMILAR TO NORMAL LEVELS OF
ELECTROLYTES FOUND IN THE EXTRA CELLULAR FLUID IS ✔✔DIALYSATE
SOLUTION
DRY WEIGHT IS THE TERM USED TO DESCRIBE THE STATUS OF A PATIENT WITH
NO FLUID EXCESS IN THE ✔✔INTERSTITIAL AND VASCULAR COMPARTMENT
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CCHT-HEMODIALYSIS LATEST UPDATE

GRADED A+

SOLUTIONS THAT HAVE A HIGHER OSMOLARITY THAN BODY FLUIDS ARE

CALLED ✔✔HYPERTONIC

BLOOD THAT IS EXPOSED TO A HYPERTONIC SOLUTION CAUSE ✔✔CRENATION

HEMOSTASIS DEPENDS ON ✔✔THE ABILITY OF NORMAL BLOOD VESSELS TO

CONTRACT AND RETRACT WHEN INJURED

THE ABILITY OF PLATELETS TO FORM PLUGS IN THE INJURED BLOOD VESSELS

THE PRESENCE OF PLASMA COAGULATION FACTORS

THE STABILITY OF THE BLOOD CLOT

A NON-STERILE AQUEOUS SOLUTION THAT IS SIMILAR TO NORMAL LEVELS OF

ELECTROLYTES FOUND IN THE EXTRA CELLULAR FLUID IS ✔✔DIALYSATE

SOLUTION

DRY WEIGHT IS THE TERM USED TO DESCRIBE THE STATUS OF A PATIENT WITH

NO FLUID EXCESS IN THE ✔✔INTERSTITIAL AND VASCULAR COMPARTMENT

THE PRINCIPLE UNDERLYING WASTE PRODUCT REMOVAL IN HEMODIALYSIS IS

✔✔DIFFUSION

THE MOVEMENT OF SOLUTE PARTICLES FROM AN AREA OF HIGHER CHEMICAL

CONCENTRATION TO AN AREA OF LOWER CHEMICAL CONCENTRATION UNITL

EQUILIBRIUM IS REACHED IS CALLED ✔✔DIFFUSION

BLOOD AND DIALYZING FLUID FLOWING IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS IS CALLED

✔✔COUNTER-CURRENT FLOW

FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE DIALYZER CLEARANCE INCLUDE ✔✔BLOOD FLOW

RATE

DIALYSATE FLOW RATE

MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NECESSARY FOR HIGH FLUX DIALYSIS ✔✔ULTRA

FILTRATION CONTROL

THE PURPOSE OF PRIMING THE EXTRACORPOREAL CIRCUIT WITH SALINE

DURING SET UP IS ✔✔TO REMOVE STERILANT, MANUFACTURING RESIDUES OR

PLASTICIZERS BEFORE INITIATING TREATMENT

PATIENT SAFETY DEPENDS ON PROPERLY PROPORTIONED DIALYSATE. THIS IS

MEASURED BY TOTAL CONDUCTIVITY. TOTAL CONDUCTIVITY REFERS TO

✔✔THE OVERALL CONDUCTANCE OF ALL IONS IN SOLUTION

HEMOLYSIS CAN OCCUR DURING DIALYSIS IF ✔✔THE DIALYSATE

CONCENTRATION IS TOO LOW, CAUSING THE CELLS TO SWELL AND BURST AS

THEY TAKE ON WATER IN AN ATTEMPT TO EQUALIZE THEIR CONCENTRATION

OF ELECTROLYTES WITH THAT IN SOLUTION

A PATIENT WITH ESRD GAINS 2.5 kgs IN WEIGHT SINCE THE LAST HEMODIALYSIS TREATMENT. HOW MUCH EXTRA WATER ON BOARD DOES HE HAVE ✔✔2500cc

WHEN FLUID REPLACEMENT IS NECESSARY DURING DIALYSIS, WHICH ONE OF

THE FOLLOWING SOLUTIONS IS USUALLY USED ✔✔0.9% SALINE

DRY WEIGHT IS DEFINED AS THE WEIGHT GAIN AT WHICH THE PATIENT IS FREE

OF SWELLING, OTHER SIGNS OF FLUID EXCESS, AND ✔✔THE BLOOD PRESSURE,

WHEN STANDING, IS NORMAL FOR THE PATIENT

WHEN MARKED FLUID OVERLOAD IS ACCOMPANIED BY HEMODIALYSIS-

DYNAMIC INSTABILITY, WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING TYPES OF DIALYSATE WILL

BEST PERMIT ADEQUATE ULTRAFILTRATION WITHOUT HYPOTENSION ✔✔HIGH

SODIUM DIALYSATE

TWO AND ONE HALF HOURS INTO THE DIALYSIS TREATMENT, MR SMITH

EXPERIENCES A DROP IN HIS BLOOD PRESSURE. THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF

HYPOTENSION DURING DIALYSIS INCLUDE ALL OF THE FOLLOWING EXCEPT:

INCREASED DIETARY INTAKE OF SODIUM, TAKING ANTIHYPERTENSIVE

MEDICATIONS BEFORE DIALYSIS, EXCESS FLUID REMOVAL, AN UNSTABLE

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM ✔✔INCREASED DIETARY INTAKE OF SODIUM

A LOW ALARM IN THE PRE-PUMP ARTERIAL PRESSURE MONITOR MAY BE THE

CONSEQUENCE OF ✔✔HYPOTENSION OR VASOCONSTRICTION

RESIDUAL RENAL UREA CLEARANCE

THE TREATMENT PARAMETERS IN THE UREA KINETIC MODEL ARE ✔✔DIALYZER

UREA CLEARANCE AND TREATMENT TIME

YOU ARE READY TO TAKE MR K OFF DIALYSIS. HIS PRE-TREATMENT

TEMPERATURE WAS 98.4 DEGREES F AND IS NOW 101.4 DEGREES F. WHICH

PHYSICIANS ORDER WILL YOU ANTICIPATE ✔✔DRAW BLOOD FOR CULTURE AND

CBC

HEMOLYSIS DURING HEMODIALYSIS CAN OCCUR AS A RESULT OF DIALYZING

FLUID THAT IS HEATED TO ✔✔43-44 DEGREES CELCIUS

WHEN A DIALYZER MEMBRANE TEARS AND ALLOWS BLOOD TO ESCAPE FROM

THE BLOOD COMPARTMENT INTO THE DIALYZING FLUID COMPARTMENT, IT IS

TERMED, IT IS TERMED ✔✔A BLOOD LEAK

WHAT IS THE IMMEDIATE TREATMENT FOR HE COMPLICATION "HEMOLYSIS

✔✔PROMPTLY STOP THE BLOOD PUMP AND CLAMP THE BLOOD LINES

ACUTE HEMOLYSIS DURING HEMODIALYSIS IS AN EXTREME MEDICAL

EMERGENCY. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS INCLUDE ✔✔PAIN IN VASCULAR

ACCESS, EXTREMITIES, AND/OR CHEST, ABDOMINAL CRAMPS, DYSPNES, AND

ARRHYTHMIAS

WHAT ARE THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF DIALYSIS DESEQUILIBRIUM

✔✔HEADACHE

HYPERTENSION

NAUSEA AND VOMITING

POSSIBLE CONVULSIONS

PYROGENIC REACTIONS ARE ASSUMED TO BE THE RELEASE OF BACTERIAL

TOXINS ACROSS THE DIALYZER MEMBRANE TO THE PATIENT. THE SOURCE OF

THE TOXIN MAY BE FROM ✔✔IMPROPERLY STERILIZED EQUIPMENT OR

CONTAMINATED WATER SUPPLY FOR DIALYSATE PERPARATION

AN IMPROPERLY FUNCTIONING DIALYSATE PROPORTIONATE PUMP AND

CONDUCTIVITY MONITOR CAN RESULT IN THE ✔✔DELIVERY OF A HYPOTONIC

DIALYSATE RESULTING IN ACUTE HEMOLYISIS AND WATER INTOXICATION

THE REASON THAT POTASSIUM DIALYZES OUT AND RED BLOOD CELLS (RBC'S)

DO NOT IS BECAUSE ✔✔POTASSIUM HAS A SMALLER MOLECULAR WEIGHT

THE REMOVAL OF UREA FROM A PATIENT IN HEMODIALYSIS IS PRIMARILY DUE

TO THE EXISTENCE OF ✔✔CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

THE PURPOSE OF USING HIGH DIALYSATE FLOW RATES DURING HEMODIALYSIS

IS TO ✔✔MAINTAIN A WIDE CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

THE FOLLOWING ION IS USUALLY PRESENT IN THE DIALYSIS BATH TO CORRECT

THE PATIENT'S METABOLIC ACIDOIS ✔✔BICARBONATE

IF YOU SUSPECT AN AIR EMBOLISM HAS OCCURED, WHAT IS (ARE) THE

APPROPRIATE ACTIONS TO TAKE AFTER THE BLOOD PUMP IS TURNED OFF AND

THE BLOOD LINES ARE CLAMPED ✔✔TURN PATIENT ON HIS LEFT SIDE

PLACE PATIENT IN THE TRENDELENBURG POSITION

SHORT FREQUENT DIALYSIS WITH SLOW UREA REMOVAL WHEN THE BUN IS

VERY HIGH IS PERFORMED TO PREVENT ✔✔DIALYSIS DISEQUILIBRIUM

SYNDROME

THE USE OF A HYPOTONIC DIALYSATE BATH USED DURING HEMODIALYSIS

CAUSES ✔✔HEMOLYSIS

TRANSMEMBRANE PRESSURE CONSISTS OF WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING

PRESSURE GRADIENTS ON EACH SIDE OF THE DIALYSIS MEMBRANE ✔✔POSITIVE

PRESSURE ON THE BLOOD SIDE

NEGATIVE PRESSURE ON THE DIALYSATE SIDE

THE TYPE OF BLOOD TO DIALYSATE FLOW USED TO PRODUCE AN OPTIMUM

GRADIENT BETWEEN BLOOD AND DIALYSATE ACROSS THE DIALYZER

MEMBRANE IS ✔✔COUNTER-CURRENT FLOW