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Tricuspid Atresia - Correct Answer-Absence of tricuspid valve and hypoplastic RV; requires both ASD and VSD for viability. ascites - Correct Answer-accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity What effect would inspiration have on the mitral valve velocity? - Correct Answer-With inspiration, the mitral valve velocity would increase. Peak mitral inflow velocity can be used to predict mitral regurgitation severity. During Inspiration, what increases and decreases - Correct Answer-RA pressure drops, so more venous return. More blood to lungs, causes less to return to LA, so stroke Volume is lower. Which heart chamber is most Anterior? - Correct Answer-right ventricle Vessels that come off Aortic Arch, in order? - Correct Answer-The innominate vessel which is same as brachiocephalic artery. The left common carotid artery The left subclavian artery which is the distal Which 2 valves are semilunar? - Correct Answer-aortic and pulmonary 3 basic kinds of problems with heart valves - Correct Answer-1. Atresia
- Stenosis
- Regurgitation aortic aneurysm causes pain where? - Correct Answer-Lower back Also lower with abdominal. Chest is caused by Thoracic aneurysm 3 types of aortic aneurysms - Correct Answer-Thoracic, abdominal, and thoracic- abdominal LA size is predictor of risk for? - Correct Answer-Atrial Fib 3 aspects of Image resolution - Correct Answer-1. Detail
- Temporal
- Contrast PRF formula - Correct Answer-PRF (Hz) = n x LPF x FR (hz)
Angiosarcoma usually affect - Correct Answer-Seen usually in RA. Commonly affect: Head, face, liver, chest, males, and Heart Aortic dissection pain usually felt where? - Correct Answer-between shoulders on back, radiating to arms or neck If child needs cardiac valve replacement, common procedure is? - Correct Answer-Ross procedure - uses donor valve but has ability to grow with the child. Surgeon takes PV and uses it to replace faulty valve, then donor valve to replace PV What is it called when Systolic function is fine, but Diastolic function is abnormal? - Correct Answer-Restrictive Cardiomyopathy - during diastole, the V chamber has trouble filling When systole ends, normal diameter of LV? - Correct Answer- 20 - 40 mm. = 2 - 4 cm Causes for thinking of bladder wall? - Correct Answer-Polyps Chronic infection Neoplasia Where would a pericardial cyst be found? - Correct Answer-When the technician is evaluating an echocardiography, a pericardial cyst would typically be found along the right costophrenic angle. These cysts are rare, but the best angle to view them might be the subcostal view. If these cysts become large, they have the potential to compress some of the adjacent structures and cause such symptoms as chest pain, coughing, and dyspnea. From week _____, the embryo is considered a fetus? - Correct Answer-NINE = 9 A __________ stroke, is a broken blood vessel of the brain. - Correct Answer-Ischemic.
- NOT hemorrhagic Becks triade: cardiac tamponade - Correct Answer-Elevated venous pressure Hypotension Quiet Heart With the characteristics of digital memories, regarding the highest number stored, if the decimal is 63, which of the following would be considered correct for the binary? - Correct Answer-Regarding the highest number stored, if the decimal is 63 the binary would be: 111111.Find this by dividing 63 by 2 and recording the remainder. 63/2 is 31 with a remainder of 1 31/2 is 15 with a remainder of 1 15/2 is 7 with a remainder of 1 7/2 is 3 with a remainder of 1
Linear array operations This will present a sector display which has a nonzero width at the top Each pixel has how many bits associated with it? 10 4 6 12 - Correct Answer- 4 A pixel is a square picture element. Each bit has 4 bits associated with it. A bit is considered a binary digit. There are 4 checkerboards back to back with the 4 binary-digit memories. In addition to the patient's diastolic function, the left atrial size would also be a predictor of risk for all but which of the following?
- Renal failure 2 Stroke 3 Cardiac events 4 Atrial fibrillation - Correct Answer-Renal failure The size of the patient's left atrial would be considered a predictor of risk for: Diastolic function Stroke Atrial fibrillation Cardiac events Of the following, which would typically not be a systemic condition that would be associated with cardiovascular abnormalities?
- Pregnancy 2 Diabetes mellitus 3 Thyroid disease 4 Chronic renal insufficiency - Correct Answer-Thyroid disease Some of the conditions that can typically be a systemic condition that is associated with cardiovascular abnormalities would include: Diabetes mellitus Chronic renal insufficiency HypertensionPregnancy When there is arterial oxygen desaturation that results from shunting/mixing of systemic venous blood into the arterial circulation, it would be considered? 1 Peripheral cyanosis 2 Indirect cyanosis 3 Desaturated cyanosis 4 Central cyanosis - Correct Answer-Central cyanosis Cyanosis would be considered a physical sign which causes a bluish discoloration of the skin and the mucous membrane.
This condition is caused by not enough oxygen in the blood.When there is arterial oxygen desaturation that results from shunting/mixing of systemic venous blood into the arterial circulation, it would be considered central cyanosis. With a color Doppler, the tendency of the flow to track along a wall would be considered which of the following? 1 Comparison effect 2 Distal effect 3 Coanda effect 4 Kirkling effect - Correct Answer-Coanda effect The tendency of the flow to track along a wall would be considered the Coanda effect. This effect would influence the direction and ultimately the display of the MR jet. At which of the following gestational ages would an ultrasound show a gestational sac? 1 4.5 weeks 2 72 hours 3 10 weeks 4 2 weeks - Correct Answer-4.5 weeks With an ultrasound, the gestational sac can typically be seen at 4.5 weeks of gestation. At about 5 weeks, the yolk sac should be seen. At approximately 5.5 weeks, the embryo can actually be measured. When the ventricles of the heart enlarge and weaken, it would be considered which of the following? 1 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 2 Dilated cardiomyopathy 3 Restrictive cardiomyopathy 4 Ventricular cardiomyopathy - Correct Answer-Dilated cardiomyopathy When the ventricles of the heart enlarges and weakens, it would be considered dilated cardiomyopathy. This usually starts in the left ventricle and can eventually spread to the right ventricle. The gel that is used to help eliminate air between the patient's skin and transducer would be considered which of the following? 1 Direct 2 Coupling 3 Air-free 4 Paste - Correct Answer-Coupling The gel that is used to help eliminate air between the patient's skin and transducer would be considered coupling gel. The use of this type of get helps eliminate the power loss at the air-tissue interface. Of the following structures, which is not as easy to identify because they can be obscured by gas-filled loops of the bowel? 1 Lymph nodes 2 Adrenal glands
4 9.6-10.5 mm - Correct Answer-9.6-10.5 mm 9.6 - 10.5 mm is the normal diameter range of the left superior pulmonary vein. These veins can be significantly smaller in women than in men. The causes of transudate could include all but which of the following? 1 Uremia 2 Trauma 3 Staphylococcus 4 Radiation - Correct Answer-Staphylococcus The causes of transudate could include: Uremia Trauma Radiation Hypothyroidism The normal diameter of the ascending aorta is which of the following? 1 about10 mm 2 about 21 mm 3 about 10 mm 4 about 30 mm - Correct Answer-about 30 mm = 3 cm The normal diameter of the ascending aorta is about 30 mm. The aortic wall tapers down to a thinner diameter the farther away from the heart it gets. Which of the following is a normal internal diameter for a left ventricle for a male patient of approximately 35 years of age?
- 9.1 cm
- 8.4 cm
- 5.6 cm
- 10 cm - Correct Answer-5.6 cm 5.6 cm is a normal internal diameter for a left ventricle. This is in a male around 35 years of age. Which of the following is the normal diameter range of the right inferior pulmonary vein in men?
- 12.3-13.1 mm
- 3.2-4.7 mm
- 11.4-12.2 mm
- 9.7-11.3 mm - Correct Answer-12.3-13.1 mm = 1.23 - 1.31 cm 12.3 - 13.1 mm is the normal diameter range of the right inferior pulmonary vein. These veins can be significantly smaller in women than in men. The PRF would need to be __________ to be able to increase the number of lines per frame? 1 Remain constant 2 Decreased 3 Triples
4 Increased - Correct Answer-Increased The PRF would need to be increased to be able to increase the number of lines per frame. The PRF stands for pulse repetition frequency. Which of the following would not be considered correct regarding the S3 heart sound? 1 It would be considered an early sign of LV failure. 2 Would be considered the result of slow filling. 3 Sometimes referred to as a ventricular gallop. 4 The S3 can be heard with VSD, PDA, and AI. - Correct Answer-Would be considered the result of slow filling. The following statements would be considered correct: It would be considered an early sign of LV failure. Would be considered the result of rapid filling and stretching of an abnormal left ventricle. Sometimes referred to as a ventricular gallop. The S3 can be heard with VSD, PDA, and AI. Also referred to as a protodiastolic gallop. The normal diameter of the superior vena cava at the right atrium is which of the following?
- 29.0 mm
- 21.4 mm
- 24.0 mm
- 20.0 mm - Correct Answer-24.0 mm = 2.4 cm The normal diameter of the superior vena cava at the right atrium is 24.0 mm. This is one of two large veins in the body which work to carry deoxygenated blood back to the right side of the heart. Of the following, which would not be considered a type of charting? 1 Focus 2 Notepads 3 Pie 4 CBE - Correct Answer-Notepads The following could be considered types of charting: Focus Pie CBE-charting by exception FACT System Electronic Entry Format SOAPIER Narrative Signs of a heart attack for a woman could include all of the following except? 1 Weight gain 2 Cough 3 Malaise
The average adult individual would have approximately how many capillaries in their body?
- One billion
- One thousand five hundred
- One hundred
- One thousand - Correct Answer-One billion The average adult individual would have approximately one billion capillaries in their body. The capillaries would be considered the tiniest vessels in the body. How would the "intensity" be determined?
- Power divided by the area
- Power multiplied by the area
- The area multiplied by the power
- The power added to the area - Correct Answer-Power divided by the area The power divided by the area should equal the intensity. The rate that energy passess through a unit area would be considered the unit area would be considered the intensity. Which of the following would be considered correct for how to determine intensity?
- Power divided by the area
- Area divided by the power
- Power multiplied by the area
- Area subtract the power - Correct Answer-Power divided by the area The rate that energy passes through a unit area would be considered the intensity. When calculating intensity:Power divided by the area Which of the following statements might be considered correct regarding "Barker codes?"
- A Barker code would be considered a finite sequence of N values of + 0 and - 1.
- A Barker code would be considered a finite sequence of N values of + 1 and - 1.
- A Barker code would be considered a finite sequence of N values of - 1 and + 0.
- A Barker code would be considered a finite sequence of N values of + 0 and - 0. - Correct Answer-A Barker code would be considered a finite sequence of N values of + 1 and - 1. There are only 9 known sequences. A Barker code would be considered a finite sequence of N values of + 1 and - 1. Of the following terms, which would be considered the same as the operating frequency?
- Transducer frequency
- Resonance frequency
- Damping frequency
- Linear frequency - Correct Answer-Resonance frequency The operating frequency is the preferred frequency of operation of a transducer. The operating frequency would be considered the same as the resonance frequency.
The imaging views with standard imaging planes with multiplane transesophageal echocardiographys would be considered all but which of the following?
- Aortic
- Basal
- Four-chamber
- 2-chamber - Correct Answer- 2 - chamber There are 4 imaging views with standard imaging planes with multiplane transesophageal echocadiographys would be considered: Aortic Basal Four-chamber Transgastric Persistence does which of the following?
- Processes
- Smoothes the image by frame averaging
- Fills up the memory
- Real-time sonography - Correct Answer-Smoothes the image by frame averaging The averaging of sequential frames to provide a smother image appearance and to reduce the noise would be considered persistence. Persistence: Smoothes the image by frame imaging Reduces noise Impedance would be considered which of the following?
- The density divided by the sound propagation speed.
- The density plus the sound propagation speed.
- The density subtract the sound propagation speed.
- The density multiplied by the sound propagation speed. - Correct Answer-The density multiplied by the sound propagation speed. The density multiplied by the sound propagation speed would be considered impedance. This will help to determine how much of an incident sound wave is reflected back into the first medium along with how much is transmitted into the second medium. If a basal view multiplane transesophageal echocardiography is being performed, which of the following cardiac structures might be viewed with the aortic valve standard imaging plane?
- Left PA
- Coronary arteries
- Pulmonic valve
- Thoracic aorta - Correct Answer-Coronary arteries If a basal view multiplane transesophageal echocardiography is being performed, the cardiac structures which might be viewed with the aortic valve standard imaging plane would include:
Which of the following statements would not be considered correct regarding the phased array transducer? 1 This transducer has multiple, tiny transducer elements. 2 This transducer is permanently affixed along the circumference of the catheter tip. 3 These transducers are permanently fixed. 4 These transducers are not flexible. - Correct Answer-These transducers are not flexible. The following statements would be considered correct regarding the phased array transducers :This transducer has multiple, tiny transducer elements. This transducer Is permanently affixed along the circumference of the catheter tip. These transducers are permanently fixed and have no moving parts. These transducers are flexible.These transducers do not produce NURD artifacts. With ICE (intracardiac echocardiography), the catheter position for a transventricular window would be considered which of the following? 1 Right ventricle 2 SVC and RA 3 Ascending and descending aorta 4 Retroflexed in RA - Correct Answer-Right ventricle The catheter position for a transventricular window view would be considered the right ventricle. The standardized cut plan for this view would be considered long-axis view of the LV, IVS, LVOT, LA including LAA. It would also include short-axis vie of the LV. Which of the following would be considered correct for when there is a recurrence of stenosis in a blood vessel? 1 Stenosis 2 Plaque 3 Restenosis 4 Event - Correct Answer-Restenosis The recurrence of stenosis in a blood vessel would be referred to as restenosis. This would lead to restricted blood flow in the area. Which of the following would be considered a degenerative disorder that could cause aortic dissection?
- Aortic aneurysm
- Syphilis
- Marfan syndrome
- Aortic coarctation - Correct Answer-Aortic aneurysm There are various problems which would be considered a potential cause for a patient to develop an aortic dissection. Aortic aneurysm would be considered a degenerative disorder. Syphilis would be considered an inflammatory disorder. Marfan syndrome would be considered a genetic disorder. Aortic coartation would be considered would be considered a congenital disorder.
Intravenous gammaglobulin is considered a treatment for Kawasaki Disease. This treatment should be given within ________ days of the onset of the fever? 2 , 10, 30, 7 - Correct Answer-10. Intravenous gammaglobulin is considered a treatment for Kawasaki Disease. It is made from donated blood transfusions and should be administered within 10 days of the time of the onset of the patient's fever. This will help to minimize the patient's heart problems. Which of the following might be considered a malignant heart tumor which can originate in the heart tissue of children?
- Angiosarcomas
- Lymphomas
- Astrocytoma
- Melanomas - Correct Answer-Angiosarcomas Some of the types of cardiac tumors which are most common in children would be considered: Angiosarcomas Liposarcomas Fibrosarcomas Phabdomyosarcomas Of the following, which would not be considered a symptom of acute rheumatic fever?
- Inflammation of the heart
- Fever
- Kidney failure
- Joint pain - Correct Answer-Kidney failure This condition is typically treated with antibiotics such as penicillin. If the patient's heart valves are damaged, then surgery might be needed. Some of the symptoms of acute rheumatic fever would include: Inflammation of the heart (carditis) Joint swelling Joint pain Fever If there is a diminished blood flow of the fetal blood vessels in the diastolic phase of a pulse cycle with a doppler ultrasound, it would be indicative of which of the following?
- Normal
- Rendering
- Accumulation
- Compromise of the fetus - Correct Answer-Compromise of the fetus If there is a diminished blood flow of the fetal blood vessels in a diastolic phase of a pulse cycle with a doppler ultrasound, it would indicative of compromise of the fetus. There are various ratios of the systolic to diastolic flow that would be used to measure the compromise.
Which of the following might cause a mixed echogenic splenic mass with multiple anechoic cysts? Gall bladder stones Hemangiomas Cerebral bleed Petechiae - Correct Answer-Hemangiomas The following conditions could cause a mixed echogenic splenic mass with multiple anechoic cysts: Hemangiomas Hemangiosarcomas Hematoma The first indication of a patient developing metastatic cardiac disease would be which of the following? Pericardial effusion Hypertrophy Decreased dilation Increased contraction - Correct Answer-Pericardial effusion With pericardial effusion, there is an excess of fluid that builds up between the heart and the sac surrounding the heart. This is typically caused by pericarditis which will lead to the effusion when it becomes inflamed.The first indication of a patient developing metastatic cardiac disease would be considered pericardial effusion. The standardized views used to permit adequate imaging of the interatrial septum (IAS) would be considered? 1 A long-axis view for visualizing the posterior part of the IAS. 2 A transatrial view which will show the IAS from the breast bone to the distal margins. 3 A short-axis view for visualizing the anterior part of the IAS. 4 Perpendicular transatrial short-axis for visualizing the anterior part of the IAS and the transition to the aortic valve and the ascending aorta. - Correct Answer-Perpendicular transatrial short-axis for visualizing the anterior part of the IAS and the transition to the aortic valve and the ascending aorta. Standardized views used to permit adequate imaging of the interatrial septum (IAS): A transatrial longitudinal view which shows the extent of the IAS from cranial to it's distal margins. Perpendicular transatrial short-axis for visualizing the anterior part of the IAS and the transition to the aortic valve and the ascending aorta. Which of the following originates from the right coronary aortic sinus? RCA LAD LCX Right circumflex - Correct Answer-RCA The RCA (right coronary artery) originates from the right coronary aortic sinus. It will follow the right atrioventricular suleus.
The patient that has been diagnosed with pericarditis might be treated with all but which of the following medications? 1 Steroids 2 Colchicine 3 NSAIDs 4 Acetaminophen - Correct Answer-Acetaminophen The patient that has been diagnosed with pericarditis would be treated with the following medications: Steroids - Colchicine - NSAIDs - Antibiotics The usual recovery period for pericarditis would be considered 2-4 weeks. When a tissue Doppler echocardiography is ordered, the provider is looking for all but which of the following? 1 Measure of modalities 2 Measures of myocardial velocity 3 Measures of SR 4 Measures of strain - Correct Answer-Measure of modalities When a tissue Doppler echocardiography is ordered, it will provide:Measures of displacement - Measures of SR - Measures of strain - Measures of myocardial velocity When determining the regurgitant fraction, which of the following would be considered correct? 1 MV regurg volume + MR stroke volume 2 MV regurg volume x MR stroke volume 3 MR regurg volume - MR stroke volume 4 MV regurg volume / MR stroke volume - Correct Answer-MV regurg volume / MR stroke volume When determining the regurgitant fraction, the following formula would be used: MV regurg volume / MR stroke volume The regurgitant volume is an absolute measure of volume overload. At about 6 weeks, the fetal heartbeat can be detected and then at 7 weeks it is visible using which of the following? 1 Computerized topography 2 Pulsed Doppler radar 3 Echocardiogram 4 Electrocardiogram - Correct Answer-Pulsed Doppler radar At about 6 weeks, the fetal heart beat can be detected and then at 7 weeks it is visible using Pulsed Doppler radar. The typical heart will be between 90-110 bpm. Which of the following types of fluid would it not be necessary for the healthcare personnel to observe universal precautions with? 1 Sputum 2 Semen
In an adult, the upper limit of the aortic end-diastolic dimensions is 1.6 cm/m² at the annulus / 2.1 cm/m² sinuses. Any thicker and it could cause an issue with movement intern causing a decrease in the cardiac output. Which of the following is common when an individual has a myocardial infarction? 1 Renal failure 2 Hepatitis 3 Pericarditis 4 Stroke - Correct Answer-Pericarditis Pericarditis is an inflammation which if common when an individual has had a myocardial infarction. It is possible that the condition that caused the MI could cause a stroke as well, but there is not a causative affect from the MI. Which of the following is a normal left ventricle thickness in a male? .1-.3 cm 1.6-2.0 cm 1.0-1.6 cm .6-1.0 cm - Correct Answer-.6-1.0 cm.6-1.0 cm is a normal left ventricle thickness in a male. They would measure this in 2D m-mode at the blood tissue interface with PLAX view. There is a slight difference in tolerances if the patient is female. Which of the following would not be a characteristic of ultrasonic waves? 1540 m/s in most biolgoical tissues Piezoelectric crystals
- 1.2 to 15 MHz Reflected waves - Correct Answer-The characteristics of ultrasonic waves would include: 1540 m/s in most biolgoical tissues Piezoelectric crystals
- 1.2 to 15 MHz The characteristics of an ultrasound beam would include: Reflected waves Strength of return signal Distance traveled: (t/2) x 1540 = d The main cause world-wide of constrictive pericarditis would be considered __________? Myocardial infarction Liver failure Tuberculosis Cancer - Correct Answer-Tuberculosis The main cause of world-wide constrictive pericarditis would be considered tuberculosis. Uremia and hypothyroidism is considered to be metabolic reasons for "acute" pericarditis.
