Download CCI RCS Study Guide Questions With 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest Update and more Exams Cardiology in PDF only on Docsity!
CCI RCS Study Guide Questions With
100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest
Update.
Cavitation is - Correct Answer-The creation or vibration of small gas filled bodies by the ultrasound beam. (Tends to occur only with higher-intensity exposures. The 6 intensities from highest to lowest are - Correct Answer-1.) SPTP 4.) SATP 2.)SPPA 5.) SAPA 3.)SPTA 6.) SATA What tricuspid valve leaflets are noted in PLAX? - Correct Answer-Anterior and medial/septal posterior. Formula for calculating EF? - Correct Answer-EF% = (sv/edv) x 100% Stroke Volume (SV) formula - Correct Answer-EDV - ESV What is stroke volume (SV)? - Correct Answer-Amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle during a single heart beat. What is the chiari network? - Correct Answer-Network of fibers originating from eustachian valve. Where can the chiari network be found - Correct Answer-Right atria What is the most anterior chamber of the heart? - Correct Answer-Right ventricle Which pair of intensities has the lowest value? - Correct Answer-SATA (spatial average and temporal average) Where is the Eustachian valve located? - Correct Answer-In between the IVC and the right atrium. What's another name for the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract (RVOT)? - Correct Answer-Infundibulum Where is the coronary sinus located in relation to the descending aorta? - Correct Answer-Anterior The three cusps of the tricuspid valve are? - Correct Answer-Anterior Medial
Posterior What's the two main layers of the pericardium? - Correct Answer-1.) Visceral = lies directly upon external surface of the heart and is commonly referred to as the epicardium. 2,) Parietal = or fibrous pericardium is the thick outer sac. *The pericardial cavity lies between these two layers. What is the normal pressure for the right ventricle? - Correct Answer-25/5 mmHg What is the normal pressure for the pulmonary artery? - Correct Answer-25/10 mmHg What is the normal pressure for the left atrium? - Correct Answer-10mmHg What is the normal pressure for the aorta? - Correct Answer-120/80 mmHg What are the two cusps of the mitral valve? - Correct Answer-Anterior (long) and the posterior (short) When is the left ventricular pressure the lowest? - Correct Answer-Early diastole What is Becks Triad and what does it cause? - Correct Answer-AKA cardiac tamponade. Causes an elevated pressure in heart, hypotension and a quiet heart What are the effects of pulmonary HTN? - Correct Answer-Dilated pulmonary artery Severe TR RV dilation What happens to the size of an aneurysm during systole? - Correct Answer-It increases In patients with A-Fib which heart sound would be missing? - Correct Answer-Fourth What is the normal O2 saturation of the left heart? - Correct Answer-98% What is cardiac output? - Correct Answer-It is the total amount of blood ejected per minute. *cardiac output = stroke volume x HR *normal cardiac output = 4-8 liters/minute Effects of left side heart failure - Correct Answer-Blood backs up to lungs and patient has shortness of breath What part of the heart is affected when there is pulmonary edema? - Correct Answer- Left side of heart
A patient with a higher blood pressure in the right arm than the left arm may have? - Correct Answer-Coarctation of aorta How is a 2-d image of a phased array transducer created? - Correct Answer- Sequentially activating a series of adjacent crystals to angular the ultrasound beam What is a heterograph/ xenograph? - Correct Answer-Other names of bioprosthetic valves transferred from animals to humans. What are three types of bioprosthetic valves? - Correct Answer-Mechanical Bovine Porcine What is a porcine bioprosthetic valve? - Correct Answer-A heart valve from a pig What is a bovine bioprosthetic valve? - Correct Answer-A heart valve from a cow. Define pannus - Correct Answer-Tissue overgrowth How long do bioprosthetic valves last in comparison to mechanical valves? - Correct Answer-Bioprosthetic valves = 10-12 years Mechanical valves = up to 20 years Define myxoma - Correct Answer-Most common benign cardiac tumor found in adults. What would you do to prevent "ghosting" - Correct Answer-Increase wall filter What ultrasound setting has the most impact on color Doppler jet size? - Correct Answer-Gain Which of the following choices would not be used correct for pulsed wave Doppler aliasing? - Correct Answer-A.) shift the baseline B.) use continuous wave C.) use a higher frequency probe D.) decrease sample volume **ans= C A __________ pulse will improve axial resolution. - Correct Answer-Shorter If a distance to a reflector doubles, the time between the pulse transmission and echo detection at the transducer will? - Correct Answer-Double Aliasing occurs when the velocity reaches more than ____________ the PRF. - Correct Answer-1/
What is the primary effect of long standing aortic regurgitation? - Correct Answer- Decreased ejection fraction Premature closure of the mitral valve can be seen in patients with what? - Correct Answer-Aortic insufficiency Flutter of the intra-ventricular septum can be seen in? - Correct Answer-Aortic insufficiency or aortic regurgitation What is myxomatous degeneration? - Correct Answer-Thickening of the mitral valve leaflets, often seen in mitral valve prolapse. Which pair of intensities have the same value? - Correct Answer-A.) spatial peak and spatial average B.) temporal peak and spatial peak C.) pulse average and temporal average D.) spatial average and temporal average **ans= C. PATA What a the two main bio effects? - Correct Answer-Thermal effects Cavitation What is thermal effects? - Correct Answer-Tissue heating due to mechanical energy of the sound wave Know location of side lobes and grating lobes - Correct Answer-Grating lobes are farthest from center of the beam. Side lobes are closer to the beam. Both are considered artifacts and would benefit technician to reduce the lobes. What is refraction? - Correct Answer-It's when an ultrasound beam is deflected from a strait path due to different propagation speeds between two media What artifact can be caused by refraction? - Correct Answer-Double image What is scattering? - Correct Answer-It's when the ultrasound beam is hitting something smaller than the beam width (like red blood cells) causing the beam to radiate in all directions What is transmission frequency - Correct Answer-The frequency emitted by the transducer What is power output? - Correct Answer-The energy emitted by the transducer What is bandwidth? - Correct Answer-The range of frequency in an ultrasound pulse
How does frame rate change with image depth shallow vs deep.? - Correct Answer- Shallow - increases from rate Deep - decreases frame rate What is the PRF formula? - Correct Answer-77,000cm/s [divided] depth What is the near field? - Correct Answer-AKA the Freznel Zone It is the park of the ultrasound beam with a constant diameter, ideal for imaging. To increase the near zone, what could the technician do? - Correct Answer-Increase the frequency. Another name for the far zone in an ultrasound beam? - Correct Answer-Fraunhofer zone What does wall filter do? - Correct Answer-It filters out any artifact in a spectral Doppler You find a pathology while examine a patient, what do you do? - Correct Answer-Bring the pathology to the doctors attention Which cholesterol is good? - Correct Answer-High density lipoprotein (HDL) Why does the foreman ovale close afte birth? - Correct Answer-Increased left atrial pressure Define ergonomics - Correct Answer-The study of people's efficiency in their working environment Infected endocarditis infects which valve first? - Correct Answer-Tricuspid valve Normal m-mod measurement of LViDd? - Correct Answer-3.5- 5.5 cm How to convert kilograms to pounds? - Correct Answer-* 1kg = 2.2lbs ———> ___kg x 2.2= ____lbs
- 2.2lbs = 1kg ———> ____lbs / 2.2= ____kg Impedance formula - Correct Answer-z=d x c *Z=impedance *D=density of tissue (kg/m[cubed]) *C=speed of the sound wave (m/s) Nyquist limit formula - Correct Answer-NL= PRF/ What are the 3 typical competency documentation based on in quality assurance - Correct Answer-1.)accreditation - from institution recognized by a national accreditation agency
2.)certification - documentation of successful training and completion 3.)credentialing - testing and passing a test by health care organization How to calculate LVEDP? - Correct Answer-LVEDP = BPd (orBPs) - 4v(square) temporal resolution - Correct Answer-also known as frame rate, ability to display moving structures in real time *best with higher frame rates spatial resolution - Correct Answer-Related to the overall detail in an image. *improves with higher line density axial resolution - Correct Answer-the ability to accurately identify reflectors that are arranged parallel to the ultrasound beam *best with higher frequency lateral resolution - Correct Answer-the ability to accurately identify reflectors that are arranged perpendicular to the ultrasound beam *best at the beams focus when the beam is most narrow Spatial pulse length formula (SPL) - Correct Answer-Spl(mm)= #cycles x wavelength(mm) What is MR murmur - Correct Answer-Murmur in left ventricle caused by MR *One symptom is holosystolic apical murmur which may radiate to axilla What is patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) - Correct Answer-Abnormal circumstance when PDA does not close after birth allowing blood flow between aorta and pulmonary artery, causing strain on right ventricle. which murmur radiates to the carotids - Correct Answer-Supravalvular aortic stenosis What forms from the ductus arteriosus? - Correct Answer-Aorta and pulmonary arteries Right ventricular systolic pressure formula (RVSP) - Correct Answer-RVSP= 4V(squared) + right atrial pressure (RAP) One drug used for pharmacological stress echo - Correct Answer-Dobutamine Define asepsis - Correct Answer-absence of pathogenic microorganisms What cell delivers oxygen in the body? - Correct Answer-Red blood cells (RBC) Common location for myxoma in heart - Correct Answer-Left atrium by the IAS
What type of cardiomyopathy is associated with amyloidosis? - Correct Answer-A.) congestive C.) hypertrophic B.) restrictive D.) infiltrative Ans: D- infiltrative What is carcinoid heart disease? - Correct Answer-Characterized by thickened, shortened and immobile tricuspid valve leaflets with tricuspid regurgitation or less commonly tricuspid stenosis Infundibular pulmonary stenosis is uncommon as an isolated lesion and is usually associated with? - Correct Answer-Ventricular septal defect What 2D view is best to assess the interatrial septum? - Correct Answer-Subcostal 4 chamber The most common atrial septal defect is? - Correct Answer-Optimum secondum M-mode demonstration of mid-systolic closure of pulmonary valve along with decreased "a" wave is most consistent with? - Correct Answer-Pulmonary hypertension False overriding of aorta may be produced on m-mode echo by? - Correct Answer- Positioning transducer too high in intercostal space. What's the most common cause of mitral stenosis? - Correct Answer-Rheumatic disease atrial fibrillation is most commonly caused by? - Correct Answer-Rheumatic mitral stenosis Doppler measures a pressure drop (gradient) by the Bernoulli equation. This equation usually measures the _________ gradient across the valve. - Correct Answer-Peak instantaneous When a patient has a clinical diagnosis of pericarditis: - Correct Answer-Pericardial effusion may not present on echo In normal patients, most ventricular filling occurs: - Correct Answer-With atrial contraction The patient you're examining has clear cut auscultatory and angiographic evidence of or mitral prolapse, yet the resting echocardiogram is normal. You should then do what? - Correct Answer-Echo the patient in the standing position When does Tricuspid valve closure normally occurs? - Correct Answer-Less than. seconds after mitral valve closure
What is Kawasaki's disease? - Correct Answer-A condition that causes inflammation in the walls of some blood vessels What can Kawasaki's disease lead to? - Correct Answer-Coronary artery disease A 2D echo shows increased wall thickness of ventricular walls but normal left ventricular size. The myocardium has a speckled appearance, what type of myopathy might be present? - Correct Answer-Infiltrative What is infiltrative myopathy? - Correct Answer-Cardiac disease characterized by deposition of abnormal substances within heart tissue that causes ventricular walls to develop diastolic dysfunction. What is congestive myopathy? - Correct Answer-AKA dilated cardiomyopathy. It's when the heart becomes stretched and weakened and unable to pump effectively What is ischemic myopathy? - Correct Answer-Occurs when heart muscle seems weakened. Can result from coronary artery disease What is hypertrophic obstructive myopathy? - Correct Answer-Thickening of ventricular walls.
- could affect mitral valve and cause regurgitation.
- when muscles don't block blood flow but are thickened it's call "non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy" Which 2D views are best to image a discrete subaortic membrane? - Correct Answer- Apical 5 chamber Apical long axis What is discrete subaortic membrane? - Correct Answer-Leading cause of discrete subaortic stenosis which obstructs the left ventricular outflow track What is ostium secundum atrial septal defect? - Correct Answer-It's an abnormally large opening in the atrial septum at the site of the foramen ovale What is ostium premum? - Correct Answer-AKA endocardial cushion defect. It's a defect in the atrial septum at the level of the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve. Affects portion where the atrial septum meets ventricular septum.
- this is the most common congenital heart defect associated with Down syndrome. Premature opening of the pulmonary valve may be seen in? - Correct Answer- Constrictive pericarditis What is constrictive pericarditis? - Correct Answer-Long-term or chronic inflammation of pericardium
Midsystolic clicks and/or late systolic murmurs are most characteristic of? - Correct Answer-Mitral valve prolapse Endothelialized _______ can have the same tissue characteristics as myocardium by 2D echo. - Correct Answer-Thrombi Ebsteins anomaly is characterized by a ________ displacement of all or part of the tv into the right ventricular cavity. - Correct Answer-Inferior ( valves will fall into RV) On 2D echo the motion of a congenitally stenotic aortic valve can generally be described as? - Correct Answer-Doming Echocardiographically, a dense band of echos between the posterior left ventricular wall and the mitral valve may represent? - Correct Answer-Mitral ring calcification On M-mode, a flail mitral valve may have a similar appearance to: - Correct Answer-An infected mitral valve One of the most common complications of a myocardial infarction is? - Correct Answer- Aneurysm formation Echocardiographically, patients with congestive cardiomyopathy have left ventricles which are? - Correct Answer-Dilated and poorly contracting On 2D echo, a cleft mitral valve may be confused by an anatomic? - Correct Answer- Tricuspid valve The view in which the ultrasound beam is most perpendicular to the interatrial septum - Correct Answer-Subcostal 4 chamber To determine peak aortic velocity in patients with aortic stenosis, the Doppler utilized should be? - Correct Answer-Continuous wave In patients with ventricular septal defect and left to right shunting, the _______ may be dilated. - Correct Answer-Left atrium Secondary finding of mitral stenosis can be? - Correct Answer-Left atrial dilation and pulmonary hypertension Patients with long-standing aortic stenosis will usually have? - Correct Answer-Left ventricular hypertrophy One advantage to using the parasternal long axis view to diagnose mitral valve prolapse is? - Correct Answer-False Valve prolapse caused by the annuals shape is avoided
Patients with aortic insufficiency may have serial echos to check for? - Correct Answer- Left ventricular dimension changes Which of the following parameters is LEAST likely to affect serial left ventricular dimension changes? - Correct Answer-A.) respiration C.) transducer position B.) patient position D.) transducer frequency Ans: D A left ventricular thrombus is usually in an area of? - Correct Answer-Abnormal wall motion Rupture of the interventricular septum is most often a complication of? - Correct Answer-Myocardial infarction A mitral heterograft valve in m-mode resembles which valve? - Correct Answer-Aortic Which technique would best allow you to assess the severity of aortic regurgitation? - Correct Answer-Pulsed wave Doppler What valve is most affected in patients with rheumatic heart disease? - Correct Answer- Mitral "Electrical alternans" is seen on a patients EKG. The echo will most likely show? - Correct Answer-Large pericardial effusion On and EKG ventricular repolarization is represented by? - Correct Answer-T wave A common cause cause for right ventricle volume overload is? - Correct Answer- Tricuspid regurgitation Premature closure of mitral valve can be seen in patients with? - Correct Answer-Aortic insufficiency Most common cause of mitral regurgitation in elderly patients is? - Correct Answer- Calcified mitral annulus A patent ductus arteriosus has what type of murmur? - Correct Answer-Continuous A patient is sent to echo lab with a diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis, you perform a contrast study to look for? - Correct Answer-Presystolic appearance of contrast in the inferior vena cava A patient with a systolic murmur and a fixed split S2 may have? - Correct Answer-Atrial septal defect
An intra-aortic balloon pump assists the left ventricle by increasing? - Correct Answer- Coronary blood flow The development of angina and dyspnea and syncope are signs of advanced what? - Correct Answer-Aortic stenosis Over stimulation of the para sympathetic nervous system will what? - Correct Answer- Decrease heart rate At cardiac catheterization a patient has equal end diastolic pressures between both atria and both ventricles suggesting? - Correct Answer-Constrictive pericarditis In normal patients why does peak velocity of flow in the pulmonary artery occur later than the peak velocity in the aorta? - Correct Answer-Vascular resistance is lower The beginning of systole is accompanied by what heart sound? - Correct Answer-S Of the following conditions, which is not a cause of increased left ventricle mass? - Correct Answer-A.) aortic stenosis C.) mitral valve prolapse B.) systemic hypertension D.) aortic insufficiency Ans: C Where do the two coronary arteries arise from? - Correct Answer-Sinus of valsalva What two arteries do the left coronary arteries break into? - Correct Answer-Left inferior descending and circumflex
- both branches supply blood to the left ventricle What two arteries do the right coronary artery break into? - Correct Answer-Acute marginal branches (supplies the right ventricle) Posterior descending artery [PDA] (feeds the left ventricle) What do the QRS of an ekg reflect? - Correct Answer-Ventricular depolarization What ausculatory sound is most suggestive of bicuspid aortic valve? - Correct Answer- Systolic ejection click High frequency systolic vibrations of the aortic valve on m mode at most consistent with ? - Correct Answer-Normal findings What is idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS) - Correct Answer-Hypertrophy of left ventricle involving particularly the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT). It causes a blockage to the aortic valve. IHSS may be suspected if the ratio of the IVS to the LVPW thickness is? - Correct Answer-1.3 - 1
An m mode sweep from left ventricle to aortic is used in patients suspected with pericardial effusion to: - Correct Answer-Differentiate pericardial from plural effusion. In patients with larger pericardial effusions, which of the following can be a false positive diagnosis on m mode? - Correct Answer-A.) aortic dissection C.) papillary muscle dysfunction B.) mitral valve prolapse D.) ebsteins anomaly Ans: B When measuring mitral orafice size in patients with mitral stenosis, care must be taken to: - Correct Answer-Measure the opening from the leaflet tips A "b-notch" on the mitral valve in m mode is associated with? - Correct Answer- Increased left ventricular end diastolic pressure Diastolic collapse of right ventricular anterior wall is consistent with? - Correct Answer- Pericardial tamponade Patients receiving adriamycin therapy are often referred to echo lab to? - Correct Answer-Evaluate left ventricular function What is adriamycin? - Correct Answer-Brand name of the drug doxorubicin and used for chemotherapy A patient with crescendo/decrescendo systolic murmur and a decreased A2 would probably be sent to echo lab to evaluate what? - Correct Answer-Aortic stenosis A patient has had a mitral commissurotomy , what could be seen in echo? - Correct Answer-Valve will appear rheumatic What is mitral valve commissurotomy? - Correct Answer-Mitral valve repair
- removes calcium deposits and other scar tissue from the leaflets In a patient with IHSS: - Correct Answer-Mitral regurge is often present A patient has infective endocarditis what will their echo likely show: - Correct Answer-- vegetation as small as 3mm can be seen
- pre existing valve disease may obscure the presence of vegetation
- vegetation usually appear on the flow side of the valve leaflets A P-R interval longer than 0.2 seconds on ECG is called: - Correct Answer-First degree AV block Normal sinus rhythm means that: - Correct Answer-SA node is the pacemaker
Which of the following is not true about aneurysms of the left ventricle as seen on 2D echo? - Correct Answer-A.) aneurysm have thin walls B.) the size of an aneurysm decreases in systole C.) the apex of the left ventricle is usually involved D.) multiple views are needed for complete assessment Ans: B A patient has grade IV/VI systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur. What would the pathology most likely be? - Correct Answer-Aortic stenosis When ultrasound waves travel through a medium which contain many small scatterers, the amount of sound that is scattered would? - Correct Answer-Increase sharply with increased frequency With phased array transducers, the transmitter sound beam is swept by? - Correct Answer-Varying the timing of pulses to the transducer elements In a normal individual, what happens during isovolumetric contractions? - Correct Answer-Pressure in left ventricle increases and no valve open Myocardial blood flow is most predominate during which phase of cardiac cycle? - Correct Answer-Diastole Myocardial blood flow in the normal heart returns to the right atrium via the? - Correct Answer-Coronary sinus A ventricular premature beat originates in? - Correct Answer-An ectopic focus The Doppler shift frequency from moving reflectors is the? - Correct Answer-Difference between the transmitted and received ultrasound frequency To improve axial resolution of a transducer, a manufacturer must? - Correct Answer- Shorten the pulse If the distance to a reflector doubles, the time between pulse transmission and echo detection at the transducer will... - Correct Answer-Double A prominent eustachian valve is seen in the right atrium. What is the eustachian valve?
- Correct Answer-Normal valve of the inferior vena cava and commonly seen in subcostal view The right ventricular systolic pressure may be predicted.... - Correct Answer-With continuous wave Doppler detection of tricuspid valve insufficiency A patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy might have on their echo..... - Correct Answer--asymmetric septal hypertrophy
- mid systolic closure of aortic valve
- systolic anterior motion of mitral valve
- mitral insufficiency The 2D image of a phased array echo is produced by - Correct Answer-Sequentially activating a series of adjacent crystals to angulate the US beam In a normal new born the free wall of the right ventricle is? - Correct Answer- 2 - 4mm thick With overriding of aorta, you will find.... - Correct Answer--pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect
- tretalogy of fallot
- truncus arteriosus
- double out left right ventricle
