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CDC Nursing Home Infection Prevention Exam with Solutions, Exams of Medicine

Pacific Lutheran University (PLU)Medicine

A comprehensive overview of infection prevention practices in nursing homes, focusing on cdc guidelines and best practices. It includes definitions of key terms, a detailed explanation of infection control measures, and a series of questions and answers designed to test knowledge and understanding of the subject matter. Particularly useful for healthcare professionals working in nursing homes, as it provides practical guidance on infection prevention and control.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 01/23/2025

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CDC Nursing Home Infection Prevention Exam with solutions
1. CDS: |Communicable | disease |service
2. CMS: |Centers | for |Medicare |and |Medicaid |Services
3. EVS: |Environmental |Services
4. HAIs: |Healthcare-associated | Infections
5. HCFs: |Healthcare |Facilities
6. LHD: |Local |Health | Department
7. HOs: |Health | Officers
8. REHs: |Registered |Environmental |Health |Specialists
9. REP: |Regional | Epidemiology | Program
10. VPDP: |Vaccine |Preventable |Disease |Program
11. IZDP: |Infectious |and |Zoonotic |Disease |Program
12. AR: |Antimicrobial |Resistance
13. CEOHS: |Consumer, | Environemtnal, |and |Occupational |Health
|Services | (made |up |of |Environmental |and |Occupational |Health
|Surveillance, |Food |and |Safety |Public |Protection, |and |Environmental |and
|Occupational | Health |Assessment)
14. HFSFO: |Health | Facility | Survey |and |Field |Operations
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CDC Nursing Home Infection Prevention Exam with solutions

1. CDS: | Communicable | disease | service

2. CMS: | Centers | for |Medicare |and | Medicaid | Services

3. EVS: | Environmental | Services

4. HAIs: | Healthcare-associated | Infections

5. HCFs: | Healthcare | Facilities

6. LHD: | Local | Health | Department

7. HOs: | Health | Officers

8. REHs: | Registered | Environmental | Health | Specialists

9. REP: | Regional | Epidemiology | Program

10. VPDP: | Vaccine |Preventable |Disease |Program

11. IZDP: | Infectious | and | Zoonotic | Disease | Program

12. AR: | Antimicrobial | Resistance

13. CEOHS: | Consumer, | Environemtnal, | and | Occupational | Health

| Services | (made | up |of |Environmental |and |Occupational |Health

|Surveillance, |Food |and |Safety |Public | Protection, | and | Environmental | and

| Occupational | Health | Assessment)

14. HFSFO: | Health | Facility | Survey | and | Field |Operations

15. CDRSS: | Communicable | Disease | and | Reporting | Surveillance | System

16. NHSN: | Natioal | Healthcare | Safety | Network

17. QAA: | Quality | Assessment | and | Assurance | (Committee) | -

| environmental | ser- | vices, |clinical |leadership, |rehabilitation, |services,

|pharmacy, |laboratory, |facility |man- | agement, | administration | and | nursing

| data

18. RCA: | Root, | Cause, | Analysis | - |comprehesive | review | of |an | infection

| event | or | practice|failure |to|determine |all|potential |factors|leading |to

|occurrence |(find |out|what |happened, | why | it |happened)

19. CAUTI: | Catheter-associated |Urinary |Tract |Infection

20. NIOSH: | National | Institute | for |Occupational | Safety |and | Health

21. AIIR: | Airborne | Infection | Isolation | Room

22. CLABSI: | Central-line | Associated | Bloodstream | Infection

23. How |many|Americans |does|the|15,600|CMS|provide|to|each|year?: | 3

|million | Americans

24. Why |are |nursing |homes |susceptible |to |infection?: | Age |of |residents,

|invasive | devices, |medications, |functional |impairment, |communal |living,

|group |activities, |and | comorbid | conditions | (chronic | diseases)

26. Policy |and |procedure |template: | Includes |title, |definition, |purpose, |rationale, | date |of

| last | revision, | date | policy | took |effect, |name | and | signature | of | person | or |committee

| responsible

27. IPC |Risk |Assessment |Matrix: | Capacity | to |detect |readiness | to |prevent | - |the | higher | the

| score, |the | higher | the |risk |(0=|not |likely |to |occur, |3+ |very |likely |to |occur) |How | likely |is |this | to

| occur? | What | is |the | harm | from |the |event | and | impact | of |care? |What | is |the | risk |level?

28. How |often |should |an |IPC |risk |assessment |matrix |be |performed?: | At |least |annually

29. Role|of |Infectionist |Preventionist: | Epidemiology,|surveillance, |common|infec- | tious

| diseases, | pathogen | transmission, | diagnosis | of | infectious | diseases. |antimi- | crovbials, | and

| treatment

30. Resident-related |Infections: | UTI, |pneumonia, | skin/ | soft|tissue |infections | (SSTIs)

31. Device-related |infections:| CAUTIs, |CLABSIs

32. Outbreak-related |infections: | Viral |respiratory, |viral | gastroenteritis, |scabies,

33. Culture |Based|Diagnostic|Testing: | Takes |time |to|grow|the |organism|-|normally |uses | a

| swab | to |collect | cells |from | inside | the | mouth | or | nose/ |uses | a |swab |to |collect | pus |from |a

| wound

34. Nucleic |Acid|Amplification: | Detects|the |genetic |material |and |has |faster|results

  • uses | a | swab |to |collect | cells |from |inside | of |the |nasal | cavity

35. QIN-QIO |Program: | Quality |Improvement |Organization |- |provides |consultation | services

| to | nursing | homes | at | no | cost |and | works |with |them | on | prevention | projects

36. QAPI: | Quality | Assurance | and | Performance | Improvement | - | uses | data-driven | systems

| approach | of |QAPI |to |record |incidents | (design | and |scope, |governance | and | leadership,

|systematic |analysis, |performance |improvement |projects, |feedback |data |systems |and

| monitoring)

37. QA |of |the |QAPI: | Specification | of |standards | (indwelling | urinary | catheters)

38. PI |of |the |QAPI: | Continuous | srudy | of|processes |to |prevent | or |decrease |the

| likelihood | of | practice |failures | or |harms | during | care

39. Performance |Improvement |Activities: | Strengthen|practices |or |helo |address | an | IPC

| activity | - | prioritize | high-risk, | high-volume, | or | problem-prone | areas, |review | the | annual

| facility | IPC | risk |assessment, |review | IPC | surveillance

40. Surveillance: | The |ongoing, | systematic | collection, | analysis, | interpretation, |and

| dissemination | of | data

41. Process |Measures |of |Surveillance: | Hand |hygiene, |PPE, |safe |injection |prac- | tices, |IPC

| practices | during | point | of | care |blood | testing, | documenting | duration | and | indication | of | new

| antibiotics

| interpretation | findings

53. "Gold |Standard" |for |Displaying|Surveillance|Trends: | Infection|and |adher- | ence | rates

| are | typically | displayed | as |line | charts, |an | increase | over | the | baseline | should | prompt | an | IP

| to | investigate

54. Outbreak: | Occurrence |of|more|cases|of|a|communicable |disease |than|expected |in | a |given

| area | or |among | a |specific | group | of |people |over | time

55. Human |Metapnuemovirus: | Causes | outbreaks | of |respiratory |illness | among | nursing

|home |staff |(signs |of|respiratory|infection) |-|isolation, |droplet|and |contact|pre- |cautions,

|enhanced |environmental |cleaning, |cessation|of |group |activities, |increased | emphasis | on

| identifying, | and | increased | emphasis | on | hand | hygiene

56. Triggers |of |an |Outbreak: | Increase |over |baseline |infection |rate, |sudden|cluster | of

| infections | on | a | unit | or | during | short | period |of |time, |single | case | of |rare |infection

  • the | facility | should | take |steos |to |diagnose | and | manage | cases, |document | steps |of

| investigation, | comply | with | fed. |state, |and | local | authority

57. Outbreak |Investigation:| Establish|existence |of |outbreak, |develop |hypothesis | and | case

| definition, | conduct | case | finding, | implement | IPC | measures, | determine | outbreak

| resolution,

58. Threshold |Rate |Should...: | Be |high|enough |to |incorporate |natural |variation |and | low

| enough | to | prompt |early |action

59. Pseudo |Outbreak:| Perceived |increase |that |may |not |reflect |change |in|disease |- | a |change

| in | surveillance | data, | testing | practices, |contaminationed | samples

60. Case |Definition: | Person|(age, |gender, |symptoms, |diagnostic |results), |place

| (location: | unit, | floor, |facility), |time | (period |associated |with | illness | onset)

61. Norovirus: | Highly |contagious, |spreads |by |direct |contact, |alcohol-based |hand | rubs

| may | not | be |effective | - |can | get |it |from |having | direct | contact |with |an | infected | person,

| consuming | contaminated | food | or |water, |touching | contaminated | surfaces | and | then

| putting | your | unwashed | hands | in | your | mouth | - | single | type |of |virus | that | causes

| gastroenteritis | CONTACT | PRECAUTIONS | NEEDED

62. Epi |Curve: | Graphical |display |of |number |of |cases |occurring |over |time |determin- | ing

| outbreak | resolution | - | incubation | period, | period | of |contagiousness, | and | date | of |most |recent

| case

63. Incubation |Period: | Time |from |exposure | to |illness | onset

64. Line |List: | Summary | of | cases

65. Viral |Gastroenteritis: | An |inflammation | of |the |stomach | and |intestine | lining | that | causes

| stomach | symptoms | such | as | vomiting | and | diarrhea

66. Scabies:| Contagious | skin | disease |transmitted | by |the |itch|mite, |commonly | through

| sexual | contact | OUTBREAK | RELATED | - | CONTACT | PRECAUTIONS

75. A |Streptococcus: | Bacteria |that |causes |Strep|Throat |- |spread |by |direct |contact |with

| discharges | from | the | nose | and | throat |of |infected | people |or |by |contact |with | infected |wounds

| or | sores |on |the | skin.|The | risk |of |spreading | the | infection | is | highest | when | a | person |is |ill, |such

| as | when | people | have | "strep |throat" |or |an | infected |wound

76. Airborne |Transmission: | The | spread |of |an |organism | via |droplets |or |dust |- |suspends

| in | the | air | depending | on | infection

77. Mycobacterium |tuberculosis:| Bacteria |that |causes |tuberculosis |- |the |bacteria | usually

| attack | the | lungs, | but |TB | bacteria |can | attack |any | part |of |the | body |such | as |the | kidney, |spine,

| and | brain. |Not | everyone | infected | with|TB | bacteria | becomes |sick |AIRBORNE

| PRECAUTIONS | NEEDED

78. Measles: | Caused | by |a |virus | found | in | the | nose | and | throat |of |an | infected |child | or |adult | -

| symptoms | don't | appear |until | 10 | to | 14 |days |after |exposure.|They | include | cough, |runny

|nose, |inflamed |eyes, |sore |throat, |fever, |and |a |red, |blotchy |skin|rash. | there's | no | treatment |to

| get | rid |of |an | established | measles | infection | AIRBORNE | PRECAUTIONS | NEEDED

79. Varicella-Zoster |Virus: | Also |known |as |the |chickenpox |- |a |highly |contagious |viral | infection

|causing |an |itchy, |blister-like |rash |on|the |skin |AIRBORNE |PRECAUTIONS | NEEDED

80. Standard |Precautions: | PPE, |hand | hygiene, | injection | and | medication | safety,

| respiratory |hygiene |and |cough |etiquette, |environmental |cleaning |and |disinfection,

| reprocessing | of | reusable | medical | equipment

81. Transmissible |Agents:| Mucous |membrane, | blood, |nonintact | skin

82. OSHA: | Occupational |Safety |and |Health |Administration: |perform |hazard |assess- | ment,

|identify |and |provide |PPE, |train |employees |for |proper |PPE |use, |review/update/ | evaluate

|effectiveness |of |PPE |(fit |testing, |reevaluate |respiratory |protection|program)

83. OSHA |Staff |Education:| Circumstances | to |wear |PPE, |donning, | doffing, | failure/ | breech,

| safely | discarding | PPE | - |employees | must | be |offered |training | upon | hire, | annually, | when

| new | products | are |introduced, | when | new | policies | are |written, |and | in | response | to |deviations

84. Competency |Assessment: | Observation | of |donning | and | doffing

85. Clean |Unit: | Unit | on | standard | precautions

86. Dirty |Unit: | Unit | on |other |precautions | over |standard |precautions | (ex: |COVID-19 |unit)

87. Transmission |Based |Precautions: | Used | when | standard | precautions, | alone, | may|not|be

|sufficient |enough|to|prevent |pathogen|transmission|-|implemented |before |pathogen | is

| identified, | ideally | all | residents | put | on|TBP |should | be | placed | in | a |single | room | - |if |room | is

| limited, | prioritize | patients | suspected | or | known | to |have | highly | communicable | pathogens

| (ex: | influenza, | norovirus) | - | if |AIIR |room |not |available,

|well-being, |minimize |visitation |with|resident's |family |(communicate |why | precaution

| started, |level | of |infectivity, | the | type |of |interaction | that |is |okay) |- |PPE | should | be | placed

| outside | of | resident's | room

94. Clostrodium |difficile |- |C.Diff: | A |germ | (bacterium) | that |causes | diarrhea | and | colitis|(an

|inflammation |of |the |colon), |commonly |transmitted |through|bacterial |spores

  • symptoms | include | diarrhea, | belly |pain, |and |fever;|treatment |includes | antibiotics | (often

| included | in | AR) | CONTACT | PRECAUTIONS | NEEDED

95. How |Antibiotic |Resistance |Happens: | Lots |of |germs, |a |few |drug |resistant, |antibiotics |kill

|illness |which |also |kills |good |and |bad |bacteria, |drug-resistant |bacteria | grows|and |starts|to

|takeover, |bacteria|give |their |drug |-resistance |to|others |increasing | the |problem

96. Staphylococcus |aureus |(MRSA): | about | 20% |of | people | are | carriers, | usually | limited |to

|skin |infections, |kills |young, |otherwise | healthy |individuals, | has |genes |for | toxins |not | found

| in | other | S, | aureus | strains | METHICILIN | RESISTANT

97. Enterococcus |species|(VRE): | formerly |classified |as |part|of |the |group |D|Strep- |tococcus

| system | - |is |a |gram-positive, | commensal | bacterium | inhabiting | the | gas- |trointestinal | tracts

| of | humans, | like | other | species | in | the | genus | Enterococcus, | E.

faecalis |is |found |in|healthy|humans |and |can|be|used |as|a|probiotic|VANOCOMYCIN| RESISTANT

98. Enterobacteriaceae |(ESBL): | Large |order |of |different |types |of |bacteria |(germs) |that

| commonl | cause | infections | both | in | healthcare | settings | and | in | communities. | examples | of

| germs | in | the | Enterobacterales | order |include | Escherichia | coli | (E. |coli) |and | Klebsiella

| pneumonia | PENICILIN/CEPHALOSPORINS | RESISTANT

99. Enterobacteriaceae |(CRE): | are |a |large |order |of |different |types |of |bacteria |(germs) |that

| commonly | cause | infections | both | in | healthcare | settings | and |in | commu- | nities.|Examples |of

|germs |in|the |Enterobacterales |order |include |Escherichia |coli|(E. | coli) |and | Klebsiella

| pneumonia | CARBAPENEM | RESISTANCE

100. Pseudomonas |acinetobacter |(MDR): | Infection | will | only | cause | mild | symp- | toms,

| however, | if |a |person |is |in | a |hospital | or |has |a |weakened |immune | system, |the | threat

| becomes | very | severe. |In | these | situations, | a | Pseudomonas | infection | can | be | life-

threatening | MULTIDRUG | RESISTANT

101. Antibiotic |Use: | Disrupts |normal | bacteria |and | allows |resistant |bacteria |to |in- |crease

102. Indwelling |Medical |Devices: | Creates |a |portal |and | biofilm | formation

103. Colonization |Pressure: | The | higher | the |# |of |residents |on | a |unit | or |facility | that |has | an

| MRDO, | greater |the |risk |for |uninfected | residents

104. MRDO-Colonized |Resident: | Should | be | placed | on | contact |precautons | with

| consideration | of |a |single | room|when | there |is |evidence | of |ongoing | MDRO |transmis- | sion

| despite | control |efforts |and |when | there |are |challenges | with | containing | the | sites |of |MDRO

111. Fingernails:| Must |be|kept|to|1/4|inch|by |the |CDC, |policies |may |address|length | or |use | of

| artifical | nails | (turn | hand | over | and | check | nail | length, | if | you | can | see |nail | extending | past | the

| finger | tip, | they | are |too |long)

112. Hand |Lotion: | Lotions | should | be |selected |that |are |compatible | with |the | hand | hygiene

| products | that | are |used | in | the | facility

113. Hand |Hygiene|Training: | Should | be | offered |upon | hire, | annually, | when | new | products

|are |introduced, |when|new |policies/procedures |are |introduced, |in|response | to |deviations | from

| recommended | practices | identified | through | monitoring | - | staff |competency |assessment

|follows, |smell, |consistency, |color, |dryness |should |be |con- | sidered; |other | factors |include | -

| place | in | resident | care | areas, |provide | ABHR | where | sinks |are |not |found, |dispensar

|accessibility, |in |multi-resident |rooms, |and |when |staff |input | on | accessibility

114. ABHR |Cannot |be |Placed |Near...: | Ignition | sources | (light | switches, | electrical |outlets,

| and | flames) |- |install | to |minimize | leaks, | spills, |and | place |to |prevent | inappro- | priate |access |by

| vulnerable | patients | (create |a |schedule | of | responsibility | to |refill | - |refill | dispensars | by

| discarding | old | package | and | replacing | with | new) |NEVER | FILL | UP | OLD |DISPENSAR

115. Injection |Safety: | Set|of|practices |to |perform|injections |in|a |manner |that |is |safe |for |stadd,

| residents, | and | others

116. Unsafe |Injection|Practices:| Transmission |of |viral |and/or |bacterial |pathogens | (can

| potentially | expose | thousands | of | patients |to |bloodborne | pathogens) | - |leads

to | risks |of|CMS |certification, |damaged | reputations, | referral |to |licensing | boards | for |disciplinary

| action, | malpractice | suits | filed | by |residents

117. Recommended |Safe |IP: | Preparation | of |injections | in | designated | clean | area,

| adherence |to |aseptic |techniques, |proper |use |of|injection|equipment, |proper |disposal |of

| injection | equipment, | proper | identification | and | handling | of | medication | containers | (single

| use, | single | dose, | multi-dose | containers)

118. Pantoea |aggiomerans: | Species |is |a |type |of |bacteria |typically | identified | from

| environmental | sources | including | water

119. Aseptic |Technique:| The |manner | of |handling, | preparing, | and |storing |med- |ications,

| injection | equipment, | supplies, | syringes, | needles, | IV | tubing, | to |prevent | microbial

| contamination

120. Exemption |to |Aseptic|Technique:| Insulin |pens |are |designed |to |be |reused |by |the | same

| resident | with | a |different |needle | (pens | should | be | labeled | with | residents | name, | DOB, |MR#)

| if | resident | uses | wrong | pen, | they | need | bloodborne | tests

121. Direct |Syringe |Reuse: | Same |syringe | and |needle | used |to |administer | medica- | tions | to

| multiple | patients | through | heparin | lock

122. Heparin |Lock: | Keeps |IV |open

|if | used | for |more |than | one | resident, | keep | the | vial | in | a | dedicated |medication | prep. |area |to

| prevent | contamination | - | if |it |enters |a |resident | treatment | area, |dedicate |the | vial | to |that

| resident | only | (if | sterility | is |compromised, | questionable | - |discard | vial) | - |assign | a |BUD

| (beyond | use | date) | typically | within | 28 | days |of |being | opened | unless | date | is |listed |on | vial

130. Refridgerated |Medications: | Use | in |designated | refridgerators, |thermostat

| controlled, | separate | doors |for |refridgerator |and | freezer, | keep |storage |log

131. If |Unsafe |Injection |Practice |Occurs...: | Stop |immediately, |notify |state |and | local

| health | departments, | notify | affected |resident | and | offer |testing

132. Respiratory |and|Cough|Hygiene: | Set|of|measures |intended |to|prevent |trans- | mission|of

|respiratory |pathogens, |part |of|standard |precautions, |applies |with|anyone | with |respiratory

| symptoms | (respiratory |secretions), |source |control |measures | (hand | hygiene), | spatial

| separation, | education | to | staff, |residents | and | visitors, |signs | and | symptoms | of |respiratory

| infection | (possible | fever)

  • Residents | with | asthma, |allergic | rhinitis | (allergen | reaction), | or|chronic | obstructive | lung

| disease | may | be | harder |to |determine | infection | (supplies | such | as | tissues | and | face |masks

| should | be | available)

133. Spatial |Separation: | Maintaining |physical |distance |from|individuals |with|respi- | ratory

| infection | to |prevent | exposure/ | transmission | of |pathogens; |if |visitation | with | RI |cannot | be

| postponed: | wear |a |mask, |perform | hand | hygiene, | avoid | common | areas, | restrict |visit | to |just

| resident's | room, | keep |visit | brief |- |staff |can | demonstrate | how |to |cover |a|cough, |assist|with

|wearing |a|facemask,|identify|supply |locations,|send |letters |to |families | to |educate |them | on |the

| cold/flu | season | with |presentations | and |handouts

134. Urinary |Catheter: | Hollow |tube |that|drains |urine |from|bladder|-|types|of|catheter |used

| depending | on | location | of | insertion/ | length | of | time | left |in | place

135. Indwelling |Catheter: | Straight |in|and |out, |external, |suprapubic, |indwelling

| catheter-associated | with | infectious/ | noninfectious | harms

136. Catheter-Associated |Noninfectious |Harms: | Local |pain/discomfort, |nonbac- | terial

|urethral |inflammation, |urethral |structures, |mechanical |trauma, |decreased |mor- | bidity, | and

| increased | risk | of |falls

137. Biofilm: | Can | protect |bacteria |from |the |killing | effects |of |antibiotics | and |allow |them | to

| multiply, | develop, | and | share | resistance

138. Surveillance |Definitions |for |CAUTIs: | Both | 1 |and | 2 |must | be |present: |1) |at |least | 1 |of

|the |following |signs |and |symptoms |(fever, |rigors, |new-onset |hypotension, | with | no | alternate

| sit | of |infection, | acute | change | in | mental | status, | leukocytosis, | new | onset |suprapubic | pain,

| tenderness, | purulent | discharge | from | around | catheter | or |acute |pain, | swelloing,

| tenderness | of | the | epididymis, | testes, |or |prostate) |2) |urinary | catheter | speciman | culture