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CEA nervous system and brain anatomy
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The patient presents with a recent diagnosis of apraxia. What is apraxia? The inability to carry out a skilled movement despite having the physical ability to do so The inability to speak without slurring words related to parietal lobe damage Lack of insight that one has a disability related to a previous CVA Gait abnormality secondary to cerebral degeneration - correct answer ✔ With apraxia, one cannot carry out a skilled movement despite the fact that one retains the physical ability to do so. This is may occur with damage to the Parietal lobe. Layla checks on her curling iron to ensure it has been shut off upwards of 8 times per day. Layla suffers from obsessive thinking. Layla likely has an overly active what? Hypothalamus Nucleus Accumbens Cerebellum Caudate Nucleus - correct answer ✔ The Caudate Nucleus is thought to be dysfunctional in persons with OCD Which of the following neurotransmitters exert inhibition over neuronal function?
Acetylocholine Gamma-aminobenzoic acid (GABA) Cannabinoids Dopamine - correct answer ✔ Gamma-aminobenzoic acid (GABA) Which region of the brain is associated with sensory integration, spatial awareness, and conscious awareness of the opposite side of the body? Parietal lobe Wernicke's area Occipital lobe Broca's area - correct answer ✔ Parietal lobe Which cerebral lobe houses the receptive area for touch and spatial orientation? Parietal Lobe Occipital lobe The Temporal Lobe The Frontal Lobe - correct answer ✔ Parietal Lobe Which of the following best represents the function of the Corpus Callosum? A white matter bundle of axons connecting the brain hemispheres A division of Broca's area A grey matter bundle of ganglia connecting the Pallidus to the Putamen A division of Wernicke's area - correct answer ✔ The Corpus Callosum is a white matter bundle of axons connecting the 2 brain hemispheres.
Expressive aphasia may occur with damage in which brain location? Substantia Nigra Broca's area Occipital lobe Cerebellum - correct answer ✔ Damage to Broca's area located within the frontal lobe may result in expressive aphasia. Which type of brain matter contains myelin and allows electrical signals to travel fast? Back Matter Yellow Matter Gray Matter White matter - correct answer ✔ White matter allows electrical signals to travel very fast. This matter appears white due to its myelin content. Which part of the limbic system has a role in long term memory? Hypoglossal nerve Hippocampus Hypothalamus Hydrocephalus - correct answer ✔ The Hippocampus has a role in long term memory. A 72-year-old man with a comorbid history of uncontrolled hypertension is referred to the PMHNP for dementia secondary to depression. The mental status exam reveals difficulty speaking fluently, inappropriate and confabulated responses, incongruent affect, and poor judgment. A cerebrovascular accident in which region of the brain would better explain these symptoms?
Occipital lobe Wernicke's area Parietal lobe Broca's area - correct answer ✔ Broca's area Your patient Abigail has suffered an infarct in the right hemisphere of her brain. What would the APRN expect to find on physical exam? Same side weakness Superior weakness Contralateral weakness Ipsilateral weakness - correct answer ✔ Contralateral refers to the opposite side of the body. An infarct in the right hemisphere of the brain may produce weakness on the left side of the body. Damage to the temporal lobe can affect the storage of long term memories. Additionally, temporal lobe damage may cause prosopagnosia. With prosopagnosia one may struggle with what? 2-Point Discrimination 3 world recall item Recognizing faces Difficulty recognizing smells - correct answer ✔ Damage to the temporal lobe can cause anterograde amnesia, long term memory storage problems and prosopagnosia, which is better known as face recognition deficit. The part of the neuron that takes in and receives messages is called: Dendrite
When explaining the means by which neurotransmitters relate to mental illness, a patient asks, "What is a neurotransmitter?" The best answer is: A chemical messenger The space between nerve cells A fatty layer covering the axon A nerve cell - correct answer ✔ A chemical messenger Which system is involved in stimulating digestion and pupil constriction? The sympathetic nervous system The Enteric nervous system The parasympathetic nervous system The proximal nervous system - correct answer ✔ The Parasympathetic nervous system is involved with stimulating digestion and pupil constriction. A patient appears internally preoccupied and responding to auditory hallucination. This patient may have a pathology affecting which lobe of the brain? Parietal lobe Cerebellum Temporal lobe Occipital lobe - correct answer ✔ Temporal lobe
Theodore is a 44 year old male with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Today, he presents to you with his caregiver, Beverly. He has difficulty determining whether you are happy or angry. Which area of the brain is most likely impacted secondary to his TBI? Substantia hemisphere Medulla Right hemisphere Left hemisphere - correct answer ✔ Damage to the right hemisphere may impair the ability to interpret when a speaker is angry, sad, happy or other. PTSD is thought to cause which part of the brain to shrink? Amygdala Pons Hippocampus Have no effect - correct answer ✔ A smaller hippocampus is associated with PTSD vulnerability. Trauma shrinks the hippocampus. A patient is diagnosed with major depressive disorder with the most prominent feature of apathy, anhedonia, and isolation. Which neurotransmitter is associated with the symptoms? Serotonin Gamma-aminobenzoic acid (GABA) Cannibinoids Dopamine - correct answer ✔ Dopamine What is the fatty layer that prevents interference and increases the speed of impulse transmission along the axon?
A 55-year-old woman has been referred for a psychiatric evaluation for a change in personality, lack of impulse control, and increasingly reckless decision- making. Which area of the brain would be responsible for these symptoms? Broca's area Wernicke's area Parietal lobe Frontal lobe - correct answer ✔ Frontal lobe The PMHNP is evaluating a 68-year-old man for symptoms of major depression. While assessing the appearance of the patient, an obvious left-sided ptosis is noted. Which cranial nerve is directly linked to this condition? IV VI V III - correct answer ✔ 3 Cranial Nerve Mnemonic - correct answer ✔ Only One Of The Two Athletes Felt Very Good Victorious And Healthy
- Olfactory 2- optic 3- oculormotor 4- trochlear 5- trigeminal
- Abducens 7- facial
8- vestibulocochlear 9- glossopharyngeal 10- vagus 11- accessory 12- hypoglossal Penelope is a 27-year old female with schizophrenia. She has been treated with Ripseridone. She is experiencing galactorrhea. You recognize that this side effect of Risperidone is a result of D2 blockade in the what? Nigorstriatal pathway Mesocortical pathway Tuberoinfundibular pathway Mesolimbic pathway - correct answer ✔ When the D2 receptors are blocked in the Tuberoinundibular pathway, hyperprolactinemia may result. anosmia - correct answer ✔ absence of the sense of smell 2 point discrimination - correct answer ✔ the ability to discern that two nearby objects touching the skin are truly two distinct points, not one. Anosognosia - correct answer ✔ A condition in which a person with an illness seems unaware of the existence of his or her illness. The part of the neuron that takes in and receives messages is called:
