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Cell Biology 112 Exam 1 PCC 100% Correct
Typology: Exams
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Induction ✔✔Specific to general Deduction ✔✔General to specific Archae/Bacteria ✔✔Prokaryote. One-cell. No nucleus. Eukarya ✔✔Eukaryotes. Multi-cell. Has a nucleus. Protons ✔✔Found in nucleus. Positive charged. Nuetrons ✔✔Found in nucleus. Neutral charge. Electrons ✔✔Found in outer shells. Negative charge. Atomic Number ✔✔Number of protons. Never varies.
Atomic Mass ✔✔Number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. To determine number of nuetrons, subtract Atomic Mass from Atomic Number. Electron Shells ✔✔Position of electrons. 1st electron shell. ✔✔2 electrons 2nd electron shell. ✔✔8 electrons. 3rd electron shell. ✔✔18 electrons. Octet Rule ✔✔Seek 8 electrons. Will give, take, or share electrons in order to be happy. Orbitals ✔✔2 electrons per orbital.
Results in unequal sharing in covalent bonds. Nonpolar Covalent Bond ✔✔Type of Covalent Bond. Nearly equal electron sharing. Close electronegativities between electrons. Example: O2, CH Polar Covalent Bond ✔✔Type of Covalent Bond. Unequal sharing. Example: H2O Hydrogen Bonds ✔✔Hydrogen bonds form polar covalent bonds (H2O). Between 2 polar molecules, one of both will contain hydrogen. Hydrogen bonds not limited to water.
Hydrophilic ✔✔Water-loving molecules. Will dissolve in water, like table salt. Hydrophobic ✔✔Scared of water molecules. Do not dissolve in water like oil. Cohesion ✔✔Water clinging to water molecules. Adhesion ✔✔Water clinging to other polar substances. Capillary Action. ✔✔Water can "pull" itself up trees to water all the branches and leaves. Heat ✔✔Energy of motion. More molecules = more motion = more heat. Temperature ✔✔Average speed of molecules against thermometer. Acids ✔✔Release H+ into solution (water). pH < 7.
Carbohydrates Categories Monosaccharide ✔✔1 monomer. Example: glucose, fructose Carbohydrates Categories Disaccharide ✔✔2 monomers. Example: sucrose, lactose. Carbohydrates Categories Polysaccharide ✔✔Many monomers. Example: starch, glycogen, cellulose. Carbohydrates Categories Oligosaccharide ✔✔3-20 monomers
Example: ABO antigens Carbohydrates Structure (Formula) ✔✔(CH2O)n Carbohydrates Functional Groups ✔✔Hydroxyl, C=O Carbohydrates Monomer ✔✔Monosaccharide Carbohydrates Polymer ✔✔Polysaccharide Carbohydrates Functions ✔✔Cell walls plants/bacteria Energy (use)
Insulation Hormones Cell membrane Proteins Structure (Formula) ✔✔CHON Proteins Functional Groups ✔✔NH3, COOH Proteins Monomer ✔✔Amino acids Proteins Polymer ✔✔Polypeptide Proteins Categories ✔✔1° = amino acid chain 2° = pleats and helices
3° = connected pleats and helices 4° = 3D, more than one polypeptide Proteins Functions ✔✔Enzymes Defense Transport Support Motion Regulation Nucleic Acid Structure (Formula) ✔✔CHONP Nucleic Acid Functional Groups ✔✔Amino, phosphate Nucleic Acid
Dependent Variable ✔✔Variable that you measure in an experiment. Experimental Group ✔✔Group that gets the independent variable. Control Group ✔✔They get nothing. We need to be able to compare results of the experiment.
