Cell Biology: Osmosis, Cell Size, and Stem Cells, Summaries of Cell Biology

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Cell Biology Foundation

Name: ________________________

Class: ________________________

Date: ________________________

Time: 297 minutes

Marks: 294 marks

Comments:

Q1.

Figure 1 shows an animal cell.

Figure 1

© alex-mit/iStock/Thinkstock

(a) What is structure A?

Tick one box.

Cell membrane

Cell wall

Chromosome

Cytoplasm

(1)

(b) What is structure B?

Tick one box.

Chloroplast

Mitochondria

Nucleus

Vacuole

(1)

(c) Figure 2 shows a sperm cell.

(a) Use the scale to determine the width of the cell.

Give your answer to the nearest micrometre.

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Width of cell = _________________ micrometres (1)

(b) Complete the table below.

Part of the blood Function

Carries oxygen around the body

Protects the body against infection

Plasma

(3)

(c) Platelets are fragments of cells.

Platelets help the blood to clot.

Suggest what might happen if the blood did not clot.

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(1) (Total 5 marks)

Q3.

Substances can move into cells and out of cells.

(a) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.

active transport.

Water moves into cells and out of cells by osmosis.

reabsorption.

freely permeable

The water moves through a non-permeable membrane.

partially permeable

(2)

(b) Students put plant cells into two different strengths of sugar solutions, A and B.

The diagram below shows what the cells looked like after 1 hour.

Cell in sugar solution A (after 1 hour)

Cell in sugar solution B (after 1 hour)

(i) Describe two ways in which the cell in sugar solution B is different from the cell in sugar solution A.

1. ---

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2. ---

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(2)

(ii) A student put red blood cells into water.

Suggest what would happen to the cells.

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(1)

(c) In the human body, glucose is absorbed into the blood from the small intestine.

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(2)

(c) The table gives statistics for an IVF clinic.

Age of women treated

Below 35 years

years

years

years

Number of women treated 414 207 106 53

Number of women who produced one baby 90 43 17 1

Number of women who produced twins 24 8 4 1

Number of women who produced triplets 1 0 0 0

(i) About what proportion of the treated women aged 35 – 37 years produced one or more babies?

Draw a ring around your answer.

one quarter one third half (1)

(ii) This clinic does not give IVF treatment to women over 42 years of age.

Use data from the table to explain why.

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(2)

(iii) The committee which regulates IVF treatment now advises that only one embryo is used in each treatment.

Suggest one reason for this.

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(1) (Total 10 marks)

Q5.

Substances can move into and out of cells.

(a) (i) How does oxygen move into and out of cells?

Draw a ring around one answer.

diffusion digestion photosynthesis

(1)

(ii) Diagram 1 shows the percentage concentration of oxygen in three cells, A , B and C.

Diagram 1

Oxygen can move from cell to cell.

Into which cell, A , B or C , will oxygen move the fastest? (1)

(b) (i) How does water move into and out of cells?

Draw a ring around one answer.

breathing osmosis respiration

(1)

(ii) Differences in the concentration of sugars in cells cause water to move into or out of cells at different rates.

Diagram 2 shows three different cells, P , Q and R.

The information shows the percentage concentration of sugar solution in cells P , Q and R.

Diagram 2

osmosis.

(1)

(b) Diagram 2 shows the digestive system.

Diagram 2

(i) In which part of the digestive system, X , Y or Z , are most villi found? (1)

(ii) There are about 2000 villi in each cm^2 of this part of the digestive system.

Why is it helpful to have lots of villi?

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(1) (Total 4 marks)

Q7.

The drawing shows a white blood cell ingesting a bacterium.

(i) Use words from the list to label the parts of the white blood cell.

cell membrane cell wall cytoplasm nucleus vacuole (3)

(ii) The scale shows that the white blood cell is 10 micrometres long.

How long is the bacterium? Show your working.

__________ micrometres (2) (Total 5 marks)

Q8.

The photograph shows part of the surface of a plant root. This part of the root is covered with hundreds of structures like the one labelled X.

(2) (Total 6 marks)

Q9.

Diagram 1 shows an animal cell and some of the structures inside the cell.

(a) Use words from the box to label structures A , B and C , on Diagram 1.

Characteristic Chromosome Gamete Gene Nucleus

(3)

(b) Factors that may affect characteristics include genes and the environment.

Diagram 2 shows some of the characteristics of a girl.

Draw one line from each characteristic in List A to the factor(s) that affect the characteristic in List B.

List A Characteristic

List B Factor(s) that affect the characteristic

Affected by genes only

Blue eyes

Affected by environment only

Height 162 cm

Affected by both genes and the environment

Scar on arm

Affected by neither genes nor the environment

(3) (Total 6 marks)

Q10.

Cells called receptors detect stimuli in the environment.

The diagram shows a light receptor cell.

Use words from the box to label structures A , B and C.

Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Synapse

(Total 3 marks)

Q11.

Complete the table by writing the correct process next to its description.

Choose your answers from the list in the box

breathing diffusion digestion osmosis respiration

Description Process

Moving air in and out of the lungs

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Average diameter = ___________________ micrometres (2) (Total 5 marks)

Q13.

(a) Put a tick ( ) in the correct boxes in the table below to show which of the parts given are present in the cells and organisms listed.

CYTOPLASM NUCLEUS CELL WALL GENES

Leaf mesophyll cell

Sperm

(2)

(b) (i) What is the main job of a leaf mesophyll cell?

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(1)

(ii) Explain one way in which the structure of the leaf mesophyll cell helps it to carry out its job.

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(2) (Total 5 marks)

Q14.

The diagram shows an alveolus and a blood capillary in the lung.

(i) During gaseous exchange, oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged across the wall of the alveolus. On the diagram , carefully draw two arrows to show the paths taken by oxygen and by carbon dioxide during this process. Label each arrow. (3)

(ii) Name the process by which oxygen moves across the wall of the alveolus.

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(1)

(iii) Each lung contains about 350 million alveoli. How does this help gaseous exchange?

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(1) (Total 5 marks)

Q15.

The diagram shows a cell from a plant leaf.

(a) On the diagram, use words from the box to name the structures labelled A , B and C.

cell membrane cell wall chloroplast cytoplasm nucleus

(3)

(b) How are these muscle cells adapted to release a lot of energy?

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(2) (Total 5 marks)

Q17.

The diagram shows a small part of a lung.

(a) The arrow on the diagram shows the movement of oxygen from the air in the alveolus to cell X.

Complete the sentences by drawing a ring around the correct answer.

(i) Cell X is a

platelet

red cell

white cell

(1)

(ii) Oxygen moves from the air in the alveolus into cell X by

diffusion

filtration

respiration

(1)

(iii) The substance in cell X that combines with oxygen is called

glycogen

haemoglobin

lactic acid

(1)