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- Imagine a liposome enclosing an interior lumen containing K+^ and H+ is placed in pure water, which of the following happens?
A. K+^ diffuses out B. water diffuses out C. water diffuses in D. H+^ diffuses out E. two choices are correct
- You are looking through a microscope at a eukaryotic cell and notice that its proteoglycans are openly floating in the cytosol. What could be a possible cause for what you're seeing through the microscope?
A. the lysosome is damaged B. the Golgi apparatus is damaged C. the smooth ER is damaged D. the rough ER is damaged E. there is no cause; proteoglycans should be floating in this manner
- The sodium-potassium pump transports __________________.
A. 3Na+^ out of the cytoplasm B. 2K+^ out of the cytoplasm C. 3K+^ into the cytoplasm D. 2Na+^ into the cytoplasm E. two choices are correct
- All of the following statements are true about the strength of chemical bonds EXCEPT ______________.
A. electrostatic attraction is stronger than bond that forms between the atoms of two peptide bonds B. glycosidic bond is stronger than electrostatic attraction C. van der Waals attraction is weaker than hydrophobic force D. the bond that forms between S and H in cysteine is weaker than disulfide bond
- Not only phospholipids and proteins are components of cell membrane but also carbohydrates, which are found in _________________.
A. its hydrophilic regions that project into the cytosol B. its hydrophobic regions C. its hydrophilic regions that project into the extracellular fluid (ECF) D. anywhere E. two choices are correct
- You arrive late to your BIO 2600 class. However, just as you enter the room, you hear your instructor discussing motor proteins. Immediately, you know that they use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move along all three types of the cytoskeletal filaments.
A. True B. False
- Referring to the polypeptides A, B, and C shown on the SDS-PAGE gel, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. fragment C is longer than either fragment A or fragment B B. fragment B is longer than either fragment A or fragment C C. fragment C is shorter than fragment A but longer than fragment B D. fragment A is longer than either fragment B or fragment C
- A laboratory has discovered a new organism hypothesized to be a prokaryote. The presence of which of the following structures would contradict this hypothesis?
A. cell wall B. ribosomes C. cilia D. nucleoid E. plasma membrane
- Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A. DNA in the nucleus is inherited from both parents B. the nucleolus is the site of ribosomal subunit formation C. DNA in the mitochondrion is usually coiled into chromosomes D. some molecules can move in and out of the nucleus through a double lipid bilayer E. plants produce proteins in more places than animals do
- During exocytosis, this vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents to the outsidE. Which of its monolayers will face the extracellular fluid (ECF)?
A. half the time its noncytosolic monolayer will face the ECF, and half the time its cytosolic monolayer will face the ECF B. its cytosolic monolayer will face the ECF C. it depends on the cargo the vesicle is carrying D. its noncytosolic monolayer will face the ECF E. it depends on whether the vesicle is coming from the ER or the Golgi apparatus
- When exposed to heat, protein undergoes denaturation which is most like __________________.
A. tearing sections off a roll of toilet paper apart B. cutting a piece of string in two C. separating few cars from a long train D. untangling a garden hose
- Both single and multiple alpha helices form transmembrane hydrophilic pores allowing water-soluble molecules to pass through hydrophobic region of the lipid bilayer.
A. True B. False
- You are testing a new solution designed for hydrating patients in hospital. You have several different versions of the solution and you want to know which solution is HYPOTONIC compared to red blood cells. What would you do?
A. put the cells in the different solutions and see which solution has no effect on the cells B. put the cells in the different solutions and see which solution makes the cells lysed C. put the cells in the different solutions and see which solution makes the cells shrink D. none of the choices is correct
- In E. coli , phospholipids are found in the cell membrane and internal membrane.
A. True B. False
- You are working in the research lab studying the interaction between proteins X and Y, which are demonstrated below.
Assume that a mutation occurs in protein X that changes its amino acid to one of the amino acids shown below.
Which of the above changes should disrupt the interaction between proteins X and Y the MOST?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
E. E
- Both Ca2+^ pump and bacteriorhodopsin ___________.
A. perform passive transport B. are found in eukaryotes C. use energy of ATP hydrolysis to work D. transport only one type of ion across the membrane E. two choices are correct
- All animal cells are eukaryotic, although mature red blood cells lack a nucleus.
A. True B. False
- While looking at a cell under a microscope, you notice that it has plasma membrane, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus and linear but not circular DNA. It could be a cell from a(n) _____________.
A. plant, but not animal B. archaean, but not bacterium C. protist, but not plant D. plant or protist
- Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin at the same site as oxygen normally binds. Fortunately, if found in time, victims of carbon monoxide poisoning can be resuscitated by being given oxygen. This suggests that carbon monoxide acts as a(n)________________.
A. noncompetitive inhibitor B. enzyme C. cofactor D. competitive inhibitor
- You are examining the mobility of transmembrane proteins using FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching). The following figure depicts four results you have obtained from your FRAP studies. Which letter depicts a protein that can be tethered to the cytoskeleton?
A. A B. B C. C D. D
- You arrive late to a biological seminar. However, just as you enter the room, you hear the speaker talking about transporters. Immediately, you know that they ___________________.
A. are integral proteins B. transfer solutes up or down their electrochemical gradients C. transfer their solutes at much slower rates than channels D. all choices are correct
- What is the difference between phospholipid and detergent? Only one (the phospholipid or detergent) ____________.
A. is amphipathic B. has two hydrophobic tails C. has one polar head D. more than one choice is correct
- If alcohol that disrupts hydrogen bonds within the protein molecule was added to a myoglobin which of the following levels of its organization would be affected?
A. primary and secondary only B. secondary and tertiary only C. secondary only D. secondary, tertiary, and quaternary
- Which of the following model organisms can be used to study the underlying mechanisms of double fertilization?
A. Arabidopsis thaliana B. Drosophila melanogaster C. Saccharomyces cerevisiae D. Caenorhabditis elegans E. two choices are correct
- Inhibition of the scramblase activity prevents the _______________.
A. diffusion of new phospholipids laterally B. random transfer of new phospholipids from one monolayer to another of a lipid bilayer C. flexing of new phospholipids D. rotation of new phospholipids E. specific transfer of phospholipids from the noncytosolic monolayer to the cytosolic side of a lipid bilayer
- If the gland that normally makes and secretes both steroid and peptide hormones has dysfunctional smooth ER and free-floating ribosomes, which of the following would be affected? Synthesis and secretion of ________________.
A. the peptide hormones but not the steroid hormones B. both types of hormones C. the steroid hormones but not the peptide hormones D. both types of hormones would not be affected
- Dr. Wicked administers a toxin that prevents adjacent plant cells from sticking together. Which of the following structures is the most likely target of this toxin?
A. plasmodesma B. central vacuole C. extracellular matrix D. middle lamella E. cell wall
- If you are interested in studying spectrin, which is a membrane protein found in red blood cells, it must be separated from other membrane proteins. To accomplish this, you would _____________.
A. use protease B. use high concentration of salt C. use detergent D. use lysozyme
- Which of the following regulatory interactions causes the cell to make the LEAST number of products?
A. 1
B. 3
C. 5
D. 4
E. 2
