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CERTIFIED OPHTHALMIC ASSISTANT (COA) FINAL
EXAM STUDYGUIDE|600+ QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS|A+GRADE ASSURED
How are systemic medications administered?
- Orally, injection (subcutaneously or intramuscularly) or intravenously How should drops be properly instilled into a patient's eye?
- Into the lower cul de sac (lower fornix) What does the term idiosyncrasy refer to with ophthalmic drugs?
- A bizarre, peculiar reaction to a drug that is not commonly seen, such as tremors, excitability or even collapse What is the name of the instrument used to neutralize lenses?
- Lensometer (Lensmeter) When recording a prism in a spectacle prescription, what does the abbreviation BOstand for? - Base out What is determined by focusing the thin lines in a manual lensometer? - The sphere of the spectacle prescription
What is the first step in performing lensometry? - Focus the eyepiece When PRK is being performed, time remaining in the procedure should be announced in increments of - 10 seconds Name the organism that is most destructive to the eye.
- Pseudomonas Aeruginosa What procedure using an Argon Laser is thought to destroy areas of ischemic retina? - Panretinal photocoagulation or panretinal laser What type of intraocular injection is made at the Pars plana site with a needle and syringe of medication?
- Intravitreal injection What are the parallel movements of the eyes from one gaze position to another - Versions What is the movement of one eye called
- Duction
- Tonometry The higher the intraocular pressure of an eye, the the eye
- Harder Applanation tonometry displaces less than of aqueous.
- 0.5 microliters When recording intraocular pressure, the reading on the Goldmann applanation tonometer scale should be multiplied by.
- 10 Because there are no rods or cones in the optic nerve head a blind spot is created in the normal visual field.
- Physiologic A defect in the patient's superior temporal retina, will affect the patient's field ofvision. - Inferior nasal The two basic methods employed to map the field of vision are and perimetry. - Kinetic, static
A localized area of reduced sensitivity in a visual field that is surrounded by an area ofgreater sensitivity is termed a. - Scotoma And unfocused eyepiece can lead to an error of. - 1 diopter in the K reading How many meridians are measured in keratometry? - 2 meridians (usually 90° apart) The average K reading is. - 43 - 44 diopters Keratometry measures the of the anterior curvature of the cornea. - Central 3.3 mm The diffusion of oxygen through a contact lens material is referred to as. - DKvalue True or False: The application and evaluation of a diagnostic lens on the eye is the best way to fit a contact lens - True Name the instrument used to determine the posterior surface radius of curvature of arigid contact lens. - Radiuscope and or Contacto Gauge
What is the name of the important screening process used in emergencies determine the patient's ocular needs? - Triage What is a hemorrhage confined to the anterior chamber termed? - Hyphema drugs induce contractions of the iris sphincter - Miotic Name the three types of ophthalmic preparations placed directly in the eye. - Solutions, suspensions, ointments What is the main disadvantage of using an ophthalmic solution? - The duration of contact with the eye is short, therefore it requires frequent instillation What is the disadvantage of using an ophthalmic ointment? - The ointment reduces vision by creating a greasy film over the surface of the cornea, and is best used at bedtime. Gross evaluation of the patient's peripheral vision can be accomplished with visua lfield testing. - Confrontation The visual field test compares the boundaries of the patient's visual field with that of the examiner. - Confrontation The Amsler grid test determines the presence and location of defects in the portion of the visual field. - Central
During Amsler grid testing the patient should be instructed to view the grid through his or her correction. - Near Checking the calibration of the Goldmann applanation tomometer is performed with a
. - Balance or calibration rod The Goldmann applanation to tonometer prism is best cleaned between patients with . - Hydrogen peroxide soaks or 1:10 bleach solution Which dye solution is used when performing Goldmann applanation? - Fluorescein dye What is the diameter of the corneal area properly applanated by a Goldmann tonometer? - 3.06 mm photography documents the posterior segment of the eye. - Fundus devices create three dimensional digital images of the optic nerve, and retina. - Tomography Three of the most common tomographic image devices are , , and. - Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), Heidelberg Retinal Tomography (HRT), and GDx scanner laser polorimeter The data provided by tomographic devices are useful in evaluating progressive and damage. - Optic nerve and retinal nerve fiber layer Ophthalmic photography serves to and ophthalmic conditions. - Document and diagnose Which area of the cornea is the thickest? - The stroma What type of pets should not be used on a patient with a lacerated globe? - A pressure patch
Which method of tonometry is described as the measurement of the amount of pressure needed to flatten the cornea buy a standard amount? - Applanation tonometry What measurement error is produced when the fluorescein rings are too narrow during applanation tonometry? - Falsely low reading What measurement error is introduced when the patient holding his or her breath or wearing a collar that is buttoned too tightly, is applanated? - Falsely high reading
The color vision test consists of a series of plates with a gray background and colored circles, crosses, and triangles - Hardy-Rand-Ritter Measuring intraocular pressure is also called. - Tonometry is a red dye useful in evaluating the integrity of the corneal epithelium. - Rose bengal The test uses rainbow colored cups that must be arranged in order of similar hues - Farnsworth-Munsell 100 - hue Name the tear deficiency test which uses strip of filter paper inserted into the lower fornix. - Schirmer's Test While assessing visual acuity, the assistant notes the patient consistently misses the optotypes on the temporal side of the chart, indicating a possible. - Visual field defect In Visual acuity assessment The brightness acuity tester (BAT) is used to evaluate when there are opacities in the ocular media. - Glare In patients with nystagmus, visual acuity often improves dramatically when the vision is assessed. - Binocularly At what distance are adult near visual acuity charts designed to be read? - 14 - 16 inches from the eye Normal visual acuity in a two month old infant may be estimated by. - Fixation (follow at 3-months) What is the name of the instrument used to measure extension of the anterior surface ofthe cornea beyond the lateral orbital rim? - Exophthalmeter Name at least one example of a glare testing device - RVA, BAT (Brightness Acuity Test), or Eye Con Name the two measurements required to determine the dioptic power of the intraocular lens - A-Scan (axial length of the eye) and Keratometry (corneal curvature)
Ophthalmologists often estimate anterior chamber depth by measuring the angle between the and - Anterior surface of the iris, posterior surface of the cornea posterior limit of the corneal beam and the anterior limit of the iris beam is compared with the thickness of the optical section of the cornea Which two ocular structures can touch of the anterior chamber is flat? - Iris and cornea When determining anterior chamber depth using a flashlight test, a shadow on the nasal iris indicates. - Abnormally shallow anterior chamber (narrow angle) Which color vision test consists of pseudo isochromatic plated that determine red-green color anomalies and deficiencies? - Ishihara Which color defects may be distinguished by the Ishihara test? - Red and green How long are the Schirmer strips left in place during s tear test? - 5 minutes A-Scan biometry measures the distance between - Internal ocular surfaces The chief use of A-Scan biometric is to measure the of the eye - Axial length Jaeger notation, the point system, and the Snellen M Unit are units of measure used inrecording visual acuity. - Near In the visual assessment the acronym PAM represents the principal testing device known as the. - Potential Acuity Meter The ability of human vision to discern shapes by their relative lightness and darkness is termed. - Contrast sensitivity During visual acuity assessment the patient is able to clearly read the 20/ line but misses one letter, the acuity is recorded as. - 20/20- 1 Why is it important to observe the patient during visual acuity testing? - To ensure proper occlusion What drug classification is contraindicated in patient's with obstructive
pulmonary disease or cardiovascular disease? - Beta blockers What symptoms are involved with an allergic reaction to a topically administered drug? - Edema of lids, redness, scaliness, vesicle formation, and oozing can occur with a reaction to an ophthalmic preparation What are some of the side effects of long-term steroid drops? - Rise in intraocular pressure, cataracts, decreased wound healing, and decreased resistance to infection
What is the color of bottle caps of prostaglandins? - Teal What are the classificaitons of the three large groups of anti-infective agents? - Antibiotics, antivirals, and antifungals
True allergic reaction can involve what symptoms? - Itching, rash, difficulty breathing, weak or rapid pulse In terms of lens thickness, the greater the refractive index, the the lens - thinner The distance from the center of the pupil of one eye to the center of the pupil of the other eye is termed. - Interpupillary Distance What is measured to obtain a monocular measurement of the IPD (interpupillary distance) - The distance from the bridge of the nose to the center of a pupil. Explain how to transpose a spherocylinder lens from plus to minus cylinder form, or from minus to plus cylinder. - Algebraically add the sphere and cylinder powers, retain the cylinder power but change the cylinder sign, and change the cylinder axis by 90 degrees. Transpose: +2.00 - 2.50 x 90
- 0.50 + 2.50 x 180 Which instrument measures the radius of curvature, or base curve, of a spectacle lens surface in diopters? - Geneva lens clock or measure What is the spherical equivalent of - 2.00 +3.00 x 90 - - 0.50 sphere The trifocal portion of a +2.00 reading add will be. - +1. What is the name of the test to determine the correct myopic correction using red/green filter on the projector? - Duochrome test What is another reference or starting point for refracting a patient who has a poor retinoscopy reflex? - Keratometry What normally determines the strength of an add power for near correction? - The age of the patient What type of refractometry is indicated for children with accommodative esotropia or patients who have latent hyperopia? - Cycloplegic refractometry what is the distance from the back surface of a lens to the front surface of the eye called? - Vertex distance
What is an important factor when preparing a patient for refraction? - The refractionist must explain to the patient to choose the lens that provides the clearest vision What is a common mistake made by a refractionist? - Moving or flipping the lenses tooquickly for the patient What are three appropriate starting points for refracting a patient? - Retinoscopy, autorefractometry, or patient's current spectacle prescription In what order should refinement of a refraction be performed? - Sphere, axis, then power of cylinder What accessory phoropter lens is utilized to refine cylinder axis and power? - Jackson Cross Cylinder Name the 2 methods of refractometry. - Objective and Subjective In refractometry, the method requires the patient to give answers to the examiner.
- Subjective When is the spherical equivalent best used in a spectacle prescription? - If a patient is an adult who has never worn glasses and requires a large astigmatic correction. Computer assisted corneal topography is instrumental in early diagnosis of.
- Keratoconus Corneal topography uses colors to denote steeper areas of the cornea and colors to denote flatter areas of the cornea. - Warm (red, orange) Cool (blue) Today's computer assisted corneal topography systems are based on data obtained from a reflected image. - Placido disc does not appear on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). - Bone Conjunctivitis may be , , or. - Allergic Viral Bacterial
Sudden painless vision loss, which may continue to deteriorate over a few days, and may not recover is known as-------- Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Forward displacement of the eye in its bony socket causing the eye to bulge forward is termed. - Proptosis / exophthalmus The cornea provides approximately of the refractive power of the eye. - 2/
