Download Ch.1-9,13-19 | PSYC - Development Psychology and more Quizzes Developmental Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!
emerging adulthood
proposed transitional period between adolescence and adulthood commonly found in industrialized countries TERM 2
risky drinking
DEFINITION 2 consuming more than 14 drinks a week or 4 drinks on any single day for men, and more than 7 drinks a week or 3 drinks on any single day for women TERM 3
alcoholism
DEFINITION 3 chronic disease involving dependence on use of alcohol. causing interference with normal functioning and fulfillment of obligations TERM 4
premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
DEFINITION 4 disorder producing symptoms of physical discomfort and emotional tension for up to 2 weeks before a menstrual period TERM 5
infertility
DEFINITION 5 inability to conceive a child after 12 months of sexual intercourse without the use of birth control
reflective thinking
type of logical thinking that becomes more prominent in adulthood, involving continuous, active evaluation of information and beliefs in the light of evidence and implications TERM 7
postformal thought
DEFINITION 7 mature type of thinking that relies on subjective experience and intuition as well as logic and allows room for ambiguity, uncertainty, inconsistency, contradiction, imperfection, and compromise TERM 8
emotional intelligence (EI)
DEFINITION 8 Salovey and Mayer's term for the ability to understand and regulate emotions; an important component of effective, intelligent behavior TERM 9
substantive complexity
DEFINITION 9 degree to which a person's work requires thought and independent judgment TERM 10
spillover hypothesis
DEFINITION 10 hypothesis that there is a carryover of cognitive gains from work to leisure that explains the positive relationship between activities in the quality of intellectual functioning
timing-of-events model
theoretical model of personality development that describes adult psycho social development as a response to the expected or unexpected occurrence and timing of important life events TERM 17
normative life events
DEFINITION 17 in the timing-of-events model, commonly expected life experiences that occur at customary times TERM 18
social clock
DEFINITION 18 set of cultural norms or expectations for the times of life when certain important events, such as marriage, parenthood, entry into work, and retirement, should occur TERM 19
trait models
DEFINITION 19 theoretical models of personality development that focuses on mental, emotional, temperamental, and behavioral traits, or attributes TERM 20
five-factor model
DEFINITION 20 theoretical model of personality, developed and tested by Costa and McCrae, based on the "Big Five" factors underlying clusters of related personality traits: neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness and agreeableness
typological approach
theoretical approach that identifies broad personality types, or styles TERM 22
ego-resiliency
DEFINITION 22 dynamic capacity to modify one's level of ego-control in response to environmental and contextual influences TERM 23
ego-control
DEFINITION 23 self-control and self-regulation of impulses TERM 24
fictive kin
DEFINITION 24 friends who are considered and behave like family members TERM 25
triangular theory of love
DEFINITION 25 Sternberg's theory that patterns of love hinge or the balance among three elements: intimacy, passion, and commitment
menopause
cessation of menstruation and of ability to bear children TERM 32
perimenopause
DEFINITION 32 period of several years during which a woman experiences physiological changes of menopause; includes first year after end of menstruation; also called climacteric TERM 33
diabetes
DEFINITION 33 disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin, a hormone that converts sugar, starches and other foods into energy needed for daily life TERM 34
mammography
DEFINITION 34 diagnostic X-ray examination of the breasts TERM 35
hormone therapy (HT)
DEFINITION 35 treatment with artificial estrogen, sometimes in combination with the hormone progesterone, to relieve or prevent symptoms caused by decline in estrogen levels after menopause
stress
response to physical or psychological demands TERM 37
stressors
DEFINITION 37 perceived environmental demands that may produce stress TERM 38
fluid intelligence
DEFINITION 38 type of intelligence, proposed by Horn and Cattell, that is applied to novel problems and is relatively independent of educational and cultural influences TERM 39
crystallized intelligence
DEFINITION 39 type of intelligence, proposed by Horn Cattell, involving the ability to remember and use learned information; it is largely dependent on education and culture TERM 40
encapsulation
DEFINITION 40 In Hoyer's terminology, progressive dedication of information processing and fluid thinking to specific knowledge systems, making knowledge more readily accessible
turning point
psychological transitions that involve significant change or transformation in the perceived meaning, purpose, or direction of a person's life TERM 47
midlife review
DEFINITION 47 introspective examination that often occurs in middle age, leading to reappraisal and revision of values and priorities TERM 48
ego-resiliency
DEFINITION 48 the ability to adapt flexibility and resourcefully to potential sources of stress TERM 49
identity process theory (IPT)
DEFINITION 49 Whitbourne's theory of identity development based on processes of assimilation and accomodation TERM 50
identity schemas
DEFINITION 50 accumulated perceptions of the self shaped by incoming information from intimate relationships, work-related situations, and community and other experiences
identity assimilation
Whitbourne's term for effort to fit new experience into an existing self-concept TERM 52
identity accommodation
DEFINITION 52 Whitbourne's term for adjusting the self-concept to fit new exxperience TERM 53
identity balance
DEFINITION 53 Whitbourne's term for a tendency to balance assimilation and accommodation TERM 54
gender
crossover
DEFINITION 54 Gutmann's term for reversal of gender roles after the end of active parenting TERM 55
social convoy
theory
DEFINITION 55 Theory, proposed by Kahn and Antonucci, that people move through life surrounded by concentric circles of intimate relationships on which they rely for assistance, well-being, and social support
filial crisis
In Marcoen's terminology, normative development of middle age, in which adults learn to balance love/duty to their parents with autonomy within a two-way relationship TERM 62
sandwich generation
DEFINITION 62 middle-aged adults squeezed by competing needs to raise or launch children and to care for elderly parents TERM 63
caregiver burnout
DEFINITION 63 condition of physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion affecting adults who provide continuous care for sick or aged persons TERM 64
kinship care
DEFINITION 64 care of children living without parents in the home of grandparents or other relatives, with or without a change of legal custody TERM 65
ageism
DEFINITION 65 prejudice or discrimination against a person (most commonly an older person) based on age
primary aging
gradual, inevitable process of bodily deterioration throughout the life span TERM 67
secondary aging
DEFINITION 67 aging processes that result from disease and bodily abuse and disuse and are often preventable TERM 68
activities of daily living (ADLs)
DEFINITION 68 essential activities that support survival, such as eating, dressing, bathing, and getting around the house TERM 69
functional age
DEFINITION 69 measure of a person's ability to function effectively in his or her physical and social environment in comparison with others of the same chronological age TERM 70
gerontology
DEFINITION 70 study of the aged and the process of aging
genetic-programming theories
theories that explain biological aging as resulting from a genetically determined developmental timetable TERM 77
variable-rate theories
DEFINITION 77 theories that explain biological aging as a result of processes that vary from person to person and are influenced by both the internal and the external environment; sometimes called error theories TERM 78
free radicals
DEFINITION 78 unstable, highly reactive atoms or molecules, formed during metabolism, which can cause internal bodily damage TERM 79
metabolism
DEFINITION 79 conversion of food and oxygen into energy TERM 80
autoimmunity
DEFINITION 80 tendency of an aging body to mistake its own tissues for foreign invaders and to attack and destroy them
survival curves
curves, plotted on a graph, showing percentages of a population that survive at each age level TERM 82
Hayflick limit
DEFINITION 82 genetically controlled limit, proposed by Hayflick, on the number of times cells can divide in members of a species TERM 83
reserve capacity
DEFINITION 83 ability of body organs and systems to put forth 4 to 10 times as much effort as usual under acute stress; also called organ reserve TERM 84
cataracts
DEFINITION 84 cloudy or opaque areas in the lens of the eye, which cause blurred vision TERM 85
age-related macular degeneration
DEFINITION 85 condition in which the center of the retina gradually loses its ability to discern fine details; leading cause of irreversible visual impairment in older adults
amyloid plaque
waxy chunks of insoluble tissue found in brains of persons with Alzheimer's disease TERM 92
cognitive
reserve
DEFINITION 92 hypothesized fund of energy that may enable a deteriorating brain to continue to function normally TERM 93
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
DEFINITION 93 intelligence test for adults that yields verbal and performance scores as well as a combined score TERM 94
sensory memory
DEFINITION 94 initial, brief, temporary storage of sensory information TERM 95
working memory
DEFINITION 95 short-term storage of information being actively processed
episodic memory
long-term memory of specific experiences or events, linked to time and place TERM 97
semantic memory
DEFINITION 97 long-term memory of general factual knowledge, social customs, and language TERM 98
procedural memory
DEFINITION 98 long-term memory of motor skills. habits, and ways of doing things, which can be recalled without conscious effort; sometimes called implicit memory TERM 99
ego integrity vs despair
DEFINITION 99 according to Erikson, the eighth and final stage of psycho- social development, in which people in late adulthood either achieve a sense of integrity of the self by accepting the lives they have lived, and thus accept death, or yield to despair that their lives cannot be relived TERM 100
coping
DEFINITION 100 adaptive thinking or behavior aimed at reducing or relieving stress that arises from harmful, threatening, or challenging conditions
