Download Chemistry Basics: Atoms, Elements, Compounds, and Ions and more Quizzes Physical Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity!
elements
composed of extremely small particles called atoms all atoms in given element are identical atoms of one element are different from another TERM 2
compounds
DEFINITION 2 composed of atoms of more than one element TERM 3
Proust's Law of Definite
Proportions
DEFINITION 3 different samples of a given compound always contain the same elements in the same mass ratio TERM 4
Law of Multiple
Proportions
DEFINITION 4 different compounds made up of the same elements differ in the number of atoms of each kind that combine CO - mass ratio 1: CO2 - mass ratio 1: TERM 5
Law of Conservation of Mass
DEFINITION 5 matter can be neither created nor destroyed
atom
basic unit of an element that can enter into chemical combination made of even smaller particles, = subatomic particles TERM 7
radiation
DEFINITION 7 emission and transmission of energy through space in the form of waves TERM 8
electrons
DEFINITION 8 neg. charged particles b/c cathode rays are attracted by plate bearing pos. charge and deflected by plate bearing a neg. charge --> must consist of neg. charged particles --> electrons TERM 9
radioactivity radioactive
DEFINITION 9 radioactivity- spontaneous emission of particles and/or radiationradioactive- describes any element that spontaneously emits radiation TERM 10
alpha rays alpha particles
DEFINITION 10 pos. charged particles deflected away from pos. charged plate (anode)
neutron
electrically neutral particles having a mass slightly greater than that of protons TERM 17
atomic
number
DEFINITION 17
of protons in nucleus
also # of neutrons b/c --> atoms are neutral, they contain same # of P & N TERM 18
mass
number
DEFINITION 18 total # of neutrons and protonspresent in the nucleus mass # = #P + #N TERM 19
isotope
DEFINITION 19 atoms that have the same atomic number, but different atomic mass H1 hydrogen H2 deuterium H3 tritium TERM 20
periodic table of elements
DEFINITION 20 chart in which elements having similar chemical and physical properties are grouped together elements in the same group tend to have similar physical and chemical properties left-right = periods up-down = groups
atomic mass
the mass of an atom n atomic mass units (amu) carbon-12 at 12 amu provides the standard for measuring the atomic mass of other elements TERM 22
monatomic
gases
DEFINITION 22 only he 6 noble gases exist in the form of isolated atoms under ordinary conditions monatomic gases = single atom gases TERM 23
molecule
DEFINITION 23 molecule can be an element or a compound combination of at least 2 atoms in a specific arrangement held together by electrostatic forces can contain atoms of same element or two or more joined in a fixed ratio TERM 24
diatomic molecule
DEFINITION 24 molecule containing two atoms homonuclear diatomic molecules - both atoms in each molecule are of the same element. H2, N2, O heteronuclear diatomic molecules - molecule containing atoms of different elements. HCl, CO TERM 25
polyatomic molecule
DEFINITION 25 molecule contains more than two atoms can be the same element, O3, P or combos of 2< different elements, H2O, CH
binary molecular compounds
substances that consist of just two different elements most are composed of two non-metals 1st element change ending of 23d element to -ide greek prefixes TERM 32
greek prefixes (1-10)
DEFINITION 32 nano-di-tri-tetra-penta-hexa-heptaoctanona-deca- TERM 33
acids naming simple acids
DEFINITION 33 a substance that produces hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water remove -gen from hydrogen change -ide ending to -ic combine two words, add acid TERM 34
ionizable hydrogen
atom
DEFINITION 34 atom that separates from the molecule upon dissolving and become a hydrogen ion (H+)for a compound to produce (H+) upon dissolving --> must contain 1< ionizable hydrogen atom TERM 35
inorganic vs. organic compounds
DEFINITION 35 inorganic compounds = do not contain carbonorganic compounds = contain H and C (different naming system)
hydrocarbons
simplest organic compound contains only H and C TERM 37
alkanes
DEFINITION 37 name depends on how many carbon atoms are in the molecule among hydrocarbons, alkanes are simple compounds of carbon and hydrogen TERM 38
functional group
DEFINITION 38 group that replaces one of he H atoms of an alkane, creating a derivative of the alkane determines many of chemical properties because typically where reaction occurs TERM 39
empirical formula
DEFINITION 39 tells what elements are present in a molecule and in what whole number ratio they are combined simplest chemical formula- written by reducing the subscripts in molecular formulas to smallest possible whole #'s w/o altering relative # of atoms TERM 40
-OH
DEFINITION 40 alcohol*functional group
anion
net charge is neg.increase of # of electrons, gains 1 electronanion- now neg. charged TERM 47
ionic compound
DEFINITION 47 compound consisting of cations (+) and anions (-) TERM 48
polyatomic ions
DEFINITION 48 ions that consist of a combination of two or more atoms TERM 49
naming ionic compounds
DEFINITION 49 name of cation (+) name of anion (-), remove "ion"from both prefixes are unnecessary b/c the ions have known charges if cation has multiple charges- indicate w/ roman numerals
