Download Maintaining Water and Solute Balance in Animals: Osmoregulation and Excretion and more Quizzes Physiology in PDF only on Docsity!
Osmoregulation
Regulates solute concentrations and balances the gain and loss of water TERM 2
Excretion
DEFINITION 2 gets rid of nitrogenous metabolites and other waste products TERM 3
Osmoconformers
DEFINITION 3 are isoosmotic with their surroundings and do not regulate their osmolaritylike marine invertebrates TERM 4
Osmoregulators
DEFINITION 4 expend energy to control water uptake and loss in a hyperosmotic or hypoosmotic environmentLike Marine vertabrates TERM 5
Stenohaline
DEFINITION 5 They cannot tolerate substantial changes in external osmolarity
Euryhaline
Animals can survive large fluctuations in external osmolarity TERM 7
Freshwater Animals
DEFINITION 7 1)take in water by osmosis from their hypoosmotic environment2)lose salts by diffusion and maintain water balance by excreting large amounts of dilute urine3) Salts lost by diffusion are replaced in foods and by uptake across the gills TERM 8
anhydrobiosis
DEFINITION 8 some aquatic invertebrates in temporary ponds lose almost all their body water and survive in a dormant state TERM 9
how Land Animals manage water budget?
DEFINITION 9
- by drinking and eating moist foods and using metabolic waterDesert animals get major water savings from simple anatomical features and behaviors such as a nocturnal life style TERM 10
nocturnal life style
DEFINITION 10 Desert animals get major water savings from simple anatomical features and behaviors
what does excretory system do
regulate solute movement between internal fluids and the external environment TERM 17
Key functions of most excretory systems
DEFINITION 17 Filtration: pressure-filtering of body fluidsReabsorption: reclaiming valuable solutes (mostly water)Secretion: adding toxins and other solutes from the body fluids to the filtrateExcretion: removing the filtrate from the system TERM 18
Protonephridia
DEFINITION 18 A network of dead-end tubules connected to external openings******************************************************** in platyhelminths, rotifers, annelids, mollusc larvae and lanceletsThe smallest branches of the network are capped by a cellular unit called a flame bulb TERM 19
Metanephridia
DEFINITION 19 it consist of tubules that collect coelomic fluid and produce dilute urine for excretion TERM 20
Malpighian Tubules
DEFINITION 20 1- in insects 2- terrestrial arthropods3- remove nitrogenous wastes from hemolymph and function in osmoregulation**Insects produce a relatively dry waste matter, an important adaptation to terrestrial life
Each kidney is supplied with blood by a ------
and drained by a ------- -- exits each kidney
through a duct called the ------- Both ureters
drain into a common ------ , and urine is
expelled through a ------
renal artery , renal vein, Urine, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra TERM 22
mammal's loop of henle in dry environment
DEFINITION 22 its longer while those in fresh water have relatively short loops TERM 23
Bird's loop of henle
DEFINITION 23 have short loops of Henle but conserve water by excreting uric acid instead of urea TERM 24
how birds conserve water
DEFINITION 24 By excreting uric acid TERM 25
explain freshwater fishes
DEFINITION 25 1- conserve salt in their distal tubules and excrete large volumes of dilute urine
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
it is part of a complex feedback circuit that functions in homeostasis TERM 32
A drop in blood pressure near the glomerulus
causes the -------- to release the enzyme renin
DEFINITION 32 A drop in blood pressure near the glomerulus causes the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) to release the enzyme renin TERM 33
Renin triggers the formation of the peptide ---
DEFINITION 33 angiotensin II TERM 34
what is Angiotensin II and aldpsterone doing
in body?
DEFINITION 34 Angiotensin II raises blood pressure, decreases blood flow to the kidneys and stimulates the release of the hormone aldosterone , which increases blood volume and pressure
