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Maintaining Water and Solute Balance in Animals: Osmoregulation and Excretion, Quizzes of Physiology

Definitions and explanations of various terms related to osmoregulation and excretion in animals. Topics covered include the regulation of solute concentrations, water balance, osmoconformers and osmoregulators, stenohaline and euryhaline animals, and the functions of the excretory system. The document also discusses the importance of transport epithelia in osmoregulation and the different types of excretory systems in various animals.

What you will learn

  • How do freshwater animals manage their water budget?
  • What is the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in maintaining homeostasis?
  • What is the difference between osmoconformers and osmoregulators?

Typology: Quizzes

2014/2015

Uploaded on 04/09/2015

az-b65
az-b65 🇺🇸

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TERM 1
Osmoregulation
DEFINITION 1
Regulates solute concentrations and balances the gain and
loss of water
TERM 2
Excretion
DEFINITION 2
gets rid of nitrogenous metabolites and other waste products
TERM 3
Osmoconformers
DEFINITION 3
are isoosmotic with their surroundings and do not regulate
their osmolaritylike marine invertebrates
TERM 4
Osmoregulators
DEFINITION 4
expend energy to control water uptake and loss in a
hyperosmotic or hypoosmotic environmentLike Marine
vertabrates
TERM 5
Stenohaline
DEFINITION 5
They cannot tolerate substantial changes in external
osmolarity
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Osmoregulation

Regulates solute concentrations and balances the gain and loss of water TERM 2

Excretion

DEFINITION 2 gets rid of nitrogenous metabolites and other waste products TERM 3

Osmoconformers

DEFINITION 3 are isoosmotic with their surroundings and do not regulate their osmolaritylike marine invertebrates TERM 4

Osmoregulators

DEFINITION 4 expend energy to control water uptake and loss in a hyperosmotic or hypoosmotic environmentLike Marine vertabrates TERM 5

Stenohaline

DEFINITION 5 They cannot tolerate substantial changes in external osmolarity

Euryhaline

Animals can survive large fluctuations in external osmolarity TERM 7

Freshwater Animals

DEFINITION 7 1)take in water by osmosis from their hypoosmotic environment2)lose salts by diffusion and maintain water balance by excreting large amounts of dilute urine3) Salts lost by diffusion are replaced in foods and by uptake across the gills TERM 8

anhydrobiosis

DEFINITION 8 some aquatic invertebrates in temporary ponds lose almost all their body water and survive in a dormant state TERM 9

how Land Animals manage water budget?

DEFINITION 9

  1. by drinking and eating moist foods and using metabolic waterDesert animals get major water savings from simple anatomical features and behaviors such as a nocturnal life style TERM 10

nocturnal life style

DEFINITION 10 Desert animals get major water savings from simple anatomical features and behaviors

what does excretory system do

regulate solute movement between internal fluids and the external environment TERM 17

Key functions of most excretory systems

DEFINITION 17 Filtration: pressure-filtering of body fluidsReabsorption: reclaiming valuable solutes (mostly water)Secretion: adding toxins and other solutes from the body fluids to the filtrateExcretion: removing the filtrate from the system TERM 18

Protonephridia

DEFINITION 18 A network of dead-end tubules connected to external openings******************************************************** in platyhelminths, rotifers, annelids, mollusc larvae and lanceletsThe smallest branches of the network are capped by a cellular unit called a flame bulb TERM 19

Metanephridia

DEFINITION 19 it consist of tubules that collect coelomic fluid and produce dilute urine for excretion TERM 20

Malpighian Tubules

DEFINITION 20 1- in insects 2- terrestrial arthropods3- remove nitrogenous wastes from hemolymph and function in osmoregulation**Insects produce a relatively dry waste matter, an important adaptation to terrestrial life

Each kidney is supplied with blood by a ------

and drained by a ------- -- exits each kidney

through a duct called the ------- Both ureters

drain into a common ------ , and urine is

expelled through a ------

renal artery , renal vein, Urine, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra TERM 22

mammal's loop of henle in dry environment

DEFINITION 22 its longer while those in fresh water have relatively short loops TERM 23

Bird's loop of henle

DEFINITION 23 have short loops of Henle but conserve water by excreting uric acid instead of urea TERM 24

how birds conserve water

DEFINITION 24 By excreting uric acid TERM 25

explain freshwater fishes

DEFINITION 25 1- conserve salt in their distal tubules and excrete large volumes of dilute urine

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)

it is part of a complex feedback circuit that functions in homeostasis TERM 32

A drop in blood pressure near the glomerulus

causes the -------- to release the enzyme renin

DEFINITION 32 A drop in blood pressure near the glomerulus causes the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) to release the enzyme renin TERM 33

Renin triggers the formation of the peptide ---

DEFINITION 33 angiotensin II TERM 34

what is Angiotensin II and aldpsterone doing

in body?

DEFINITION 34 Angiotensin II raises blood pressure, decreases blood flow to the kidneys and stimulates the release of the hormone aldosterone , which increases blood volume and pressure