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Definitions and explanations of various terms related to osmoregulation and excretion in animals. Topics covered include the regulation of solute concentrations, water balance, osmoconformers and osmoregulators, stenohaline and euryhaline animals, and the functions of the excretory system. The document also discusses the importance of transport epithelia in osmoregulation and the different types of excretory systems in various animals.
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Regulates solute concentrations and balances the gain and loss of water TERM 2
DEFINITION 2 gets rid of nitrogenous metabolites and other waste products TERM 3
DEFINITION 3 are isoosmotic with their surroundings and do not regulate their osmolaritylike marine invertebrates TERM 4
DEFINITION 4 expend energy to control water uptake and loss in a hyperosmotic or hypoosmotic environmentLike Marine vertabrates TERM 5
DEFINITION 5 They cannot tolerate substantial changes in external osmolarity
Animals can survive large fluctuations in external osmolarity TERM 7
DEFINITION 7 1)take in water by osmosis from their hypoosmotic environment2)lose salts by diffusion and maintain water balance by excreting large amounts of dilute urine3) Salts lost by diffusion are replaced in foods and by uptake across the gills TERM 8
DEFINITION 8 some aquatic invertebrates in temporary ponds lose almost all their body water and survive in a dormant state TERM 9
DEFINITION 9
DEFINITION 10 Desert animals get major water savings from simple anatomical features and behaviors
regulate solute movement between internal fluids and the external environment TERM 17
DEFINITION 17 Filtration: pressure-filtering of body fluidsReabsorption: reclaiming valuable solutes (mostly water)Secretion: adding toxins and other solutes from the body fluids to the filtrateExcretion: removing the filtrate from the system TERM 18
DEFINITION 18 A network of dead-end tubules connected to external openings******************************************************** in platyhelminths, rotifers, annelids, mollusc larvae and lanceletsThe smallest branches of the network are capped by a cellular unit called a flame bulb TERM 19
DEFINITION 19 it consist of tubules that collect coelomic fluid and produce dilute urine for excretion TERM 20
DEFINITION 20 1- in insects 2- terrestrial arthropods3- remove nitrogenous wastes from hemolymph and function in osmoregulation**Insects produce a relatively dry waste matter, an important adaptation to terrestrial life
renal artery , renal vein, Urine, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra TERM 22
DEFINITION 22 its longer while those in fresh water have relatively short loops TERM 23
DEFINITION 23 have short loops of Henle but conserve water by excreting uric acid instead of urea TERM 24
DEFINITION 24 By excreting uric acid TERM 25
DEFINITION 25 1- conserve salt in their distal tubules and excrete large volumes of dilute urine
it is part of a complex feedback circuit that functions in homeostasis TERM 32
DEFINITION 32 A drop in blood pressure near the glomerulus causes the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) to release the enzyme renin TERM 33
DEFINITION 33 angiotensin II TERM 34
DEFINITION 34 Angiotensin II raises blood pressure, decreases blood flow to the kidneys and stimulates the release of the hormone aldosterone , which increases blood volume and pressure