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An in-depth exploration of changes of state, including melting, freezing, evaporation, condensation, and sublimation. Learn about the role of energy in these processes, the differences between melting and freezing, and the effects of pressure on boiling points.
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Objectives
A. From Solid to Liquid to Gas A change of state is the change of a substance from one physical form to another. All changes of state are physical changes. The particles have different amounts of energy when the substance is in different states.
A. Boiling and Evaporation: Evaporation is the change of a substance from a liquid to a gas. Boiling is the change of a liquid to a vapor, or gas, throughout the liquid.
B. Effects of Pressure on Boiling Point: Earlier, you learned that water boils at 100°C. In fact, water boils at 100°C only at sea level, because of atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure is caused by the weight of the gases that make up the atmosphere.
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