Download Functions and Hormones of Endocrine and Nervous Systems and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
Endocrine system
-slower then nervous system but longer-acting responses- reproduction, development, energy metabolism, growth, and behavior TERM 2
Nervous system
DEFINITION 2 consists of high speed electrical signals along specialized cells called neurons TERM 3
Endocrine glands
DEFINITION 3 are ductless, they secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct TERM 4
Exocrine glands
DEFINITION 4 secrete their products via ducts that lead to the outside of the body. TERM 5
local regulators what do they
do?
DEFINITION 5 -regulate blood pressure, nervous system function, and reproduction
two types of local regulators
paracrine; signals act on cells near the secreting cellautocrine; signals act on the secreting cell itself TERM 7
pheromones
DEFINITION 7 are chemical signals that are used to communicate with other individuals TERM 8
What do pheromones
do?
DEFINITION 8 pheromones mark trails to food sources, warn of predators, and attract potential mates TERM 9
3 classes of molecules that function as
hormones (vertebrates)
DEFINITION 9
- polypeptides (water soluble) 2. Amines derived from amino acids (water or lipid soluble) 3. steroid hormones (lipid soluble) TERM 10
multiple effects of hormones
DEFINITION 10 the same hormone may have different effects on target cells that have; 1.different receptors for hormone 2. different signal transduction pathways 3. different proteins for carrying out the response (a hormone can also have a different effect in different species)
Pituitary gland
is an endocrine gland, it is attached to the hypothalamus. Hormones from the pituitary have targets throughout the body. TERM 17
posterior pituitary
DEFINITION 17 stores and secretes hormones that are made in the hypothalamus TERM 18
anterior pituitary
DEFINITION 18 makes and releases hormones under regulation of the hypothalamus TERM 19
Hormone ADH
DEFINITION 19 Kidney tubules TERM 20
Hormone Oxytocin
DEFINITION 20 mammary glands, uterine muscles
Hormone FSH and LH
Target is testes or ovaries TERM 22
Hormone TSH
DEFINITION 22 Target is thyroid, controls the metabolism and development. Thyroid gland consists of two lobes on the ventral surface of the trachea TERM 23
Hormone ACTH
DEFINITION 23 Target is adrenal cortex TERM 24
Hormone Prolactin
DEFINITION 24 target is Mammary glands, it stimulates lactation in mammals but has diverse effects in other vertebrates TERM 25
Hormone
GH
DEFINITION 25 Target is liver, bones, and other tissues
Thyroid gland produces
two iodine-containing hormones; T3 and T TERM 32
Control of blood calcium
DEFINITION 32 two antagonistic hormones regulate the calcium homeostasis in mammals TERM 33
Two antagonistic hormones
DEFINITION 33
- parathyroid hormone (PTH) is released by the parathyroid glands2. Calcitonin is released by the thyroid gland. (Vitamin D helps calcium absorption) TERM 34
Adrenal hormones
DEFINITION 34 response to stress, the adrenal glands are superior to the kidneys, each adrenal gland actually consists of two glands; the adrenal medulla and the adrenal cortex TERM 35
Adrenal medulla
DEFINITION 35 the adrenal medulla is a modified sympathetic ganglion.
Adrenal medulla secretes?
it secretes epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). They mediate short term stress (fight of flight) responses TERM 37
Adrenal cortex
DEFINITION 37 the steroid hormone from the adrenal cortex is the corticosteroids, it is released in response to long term stress TERM 38
Types of hormones in cortex?
DEFINITION 38 two types; glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. TERM 39
Sex hormones
DEFINITION 39 the gonads produce most of the sex hormones; androgens, estrogens, and progestins. All three sex hormones are found in both males and females TERM 40
Sex hormones do?
DEFINITION 40 sex hormones are involved in production of gametes, secondary sex characters, pregnancy, and behavior
