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Neurobiology: Understanding Electrical and Chemical Signals in the Nervous System, Quizzes of Biology

California State University (CSU) - Fresno Biology

Definitions and explanations of various terms related to neurobiology, including the roles of electrical and chemical signals in the nervous system, the functions of ganglia, stages of processing, neuroglia, the central and peripheral nervous systems, resting potential, ion channels, voltage-sensitive channels, refractory period, conduction speed, myelin sheath, synapses, and neurotransmitters. It also covers the differences between electrical and chemical synapses and the effects of various neurotransmitters.

Typology: Quizzes

2014/2015

Uploaded on 04/22/2015

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TERM 1

Electrical signals

DEFINITION 1

neurons use electrical signals (long distance)

TERM 2

chemical signals

DEFINITION 2

neurons use chemical signals (short distance)

TERM 3

ganglia

DEFINITION 3

processing of information takes place clusters of neurons

(ganglia) or a brain

TERM 4

Stages of processing

DEFINITION 4

sensory input, integration and motor output

TERM 5

Neuroglia (glia)

DEFINITION 5

much more numerous than neurons. CNS: astrocytes,

oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cellsPNS: Schwann

cells

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Electrical signals

neurons use electrical signals (long distance)

TERM 2

chemical signals

DEFINITION 2

Neurobiology: Understanding Electrical and Chemical Signals in the Nervous System, Quizzes of Biology

Related documents

Partial preview of the text

Download Neurobiology: Understanding Electrical and Chemical Signals in the Nervous System and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

Electrical signals

neurons use electrical signals (long distance)

TERM 2

chemical signals

DEFINITION 2

neurons use chemical signals (short distance)

TERM 3

ganglia

DEFINITION 3

processing of information takes place clusters of neurons

(ganglia) or a brain

TERM 4

Stages of processing

DEFINITION 4

sensory input, integration and motor output

TERM 5

Neuroglia (glia)

DEFINITION 5

much more numerous than neurons. CNS: astrocytes,

oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cellsPNS: Schwann

cells

Central nervous systems CNS

where integration takes place; this includes the brain and a

nerve(Spinal) cord

TERM 7

peripheral nervous system PNS

DEFINITION 7

which brings information into and out of the CNS. PNS is

comprised of cranial nerves spinal nerves, ganglia, peripheral

nerves

TERM 8

Resting potential

DEFINITION 8

ion pumps maintain resting potential, the resting potential is

the membrane potential (voltage difference) of a neuron not

sending signals.

TERM 9

How are messages transmitted

DEFINITION 9

messages are transmitted as changes in membrane potential

TERM 10

Formation of the resting potential

DEFINITION 10

The NA+ and K+ gradients are maintained by the sodium-

potassium pump.

Conduction speed

conduction speed increases with axon's diameter

(invertebrates)

TERM 17

myelin sheath

DEFINITION 17

in vertebrates the myelin sheath increases speed

TERM 18

Oligodendrocytes

DEFINITION 18

Myelin sheaths are made by glia --oligodendrocytes in the

CNS and Schwann cells in the PNS

TERM 19

Synapses

DEFINITION 19

neurons communicate with other cells at synapses

TERM 20

electrical synapses

DEFINITION 20

at electrical synapses, the electrical current flows from one

neuron to another

chemical synapses

at chemical synapses, a chemical neurotransmitter carries

information across the gap junction. most synapses are

chemical synapses

TERM 22

excitatory postsynaptic potentials

(EPSPs)

DEFINITION 22

excitatory postsynaptic potentials bring the membrane

potential toward threshold