chapter 1: Abnormal Behavior | Exams Nursing

an interaction of many factors

chapter 1: Abnormal Behavior

MULTIPLE CHOICE

Which statement about abnormal psychology is accurate?

Although abnormal psychology has made several gains in the past 20 years, it is not yet a

scientific field of study.

The subject matter of abnormal psychology is restricted to extremely bizarre behavior.

Most diagnoses of abnormality are based on two or three basic behavioral factors.

ANS: A REF: The Concerns of Abnormal Psychology

OBJ: 1 MSC: Factual

Psychopathology, or abnormal behavior, results primarily from ____.

genetic factors

environmental factors

c. sociocultural factors

ANS: D REF: Introduction OBJ: 1 MSC: Factual

Dr. Thompson collects information in order to describe and draw inferences about an

individual's

psychological disorder. Dr. Thompson is engaged in ____.

therapy

b. predicting dangerousness

psychodiagnosis

research

ANS: C REF: The Concerns of Abnormal Psychology

OBJ: 1 MSC: Applied

Dr. Kohn is a psychoanalyst, Dr. Edwards is a humanistic therapist, Dr. Peterson is a cognitive

behavioral therapist, and Dr. James is a Gestalt therapist. Each of them would likely have a different

____ for a client's abnormality.

time of onset

explanation

diagnosis

prognosis

ANS: B REF: The Concerns of Abnormal Psychology

OBJ: 1 MSC: Applied

A psychologist says, “Juan's abnormal behavior is likely due to a combination of biology and

inadequate interpersonal skills.” The psychologist is .

predicting the future symptoms of Juan

giving Juan a psychodiagnosis

offering an explanation for Juan's problem

describing how to control Juan's symptoms

ANS: C REF: The Concerns of Abnormal Psychology

OBJ: 1 MSC: Applied

Abnormal psychology seeks to describe, explain, predict, and modify unusual

behaviors.

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an interaction of many factors chapter 1: Abnormal Behavior MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which statement about abnormal psychology is accurate? a. b. Although abnormal psychology has made several gains in the past 20 years, it is not yet a scientific field of study. c. The subject matter of abnormal psychology is restricted to extremely bizarre behavior. d. Most diagnoses of abnormality are based on two or three basic behavioral factors. ANS: A REF: The Concerns of Abnormal Psychology OBJ: 1 MSC: Factual

Psychopathology, or abnormal behavior, results primarily from ____. a. genetic factors b. environmental factors c. sociocultural factors d. ANS: D REF: Introduction OBJ: 1 MSC: Factual
Dr. Thompson collects information in order to describe and draw inferences about an individual's psychological disorder. Dr. Thompson is engaged in ____. a. therapy b. predicting dangerousness c. psychodiagnosis d. research ANS: C REF: The Concerns of Abnormal Psychology OBJ: 1 MSC: Applied
Dr. Kohn is a psychoanalyst, Dr. Edwards is a humanistic therapist, Dr. Peterson is a cognitive behavioral therapist, and Dr. James is a Gestalt therapist. Each of them would likely have a different ____ for a client's abnormality. a. time of onset b. explanation c. diagnosis d. prognosis ANS: B REF: The Concerns of Abnormal Psychology OBJ: 1 MSC: Applied
A psychologist says, “Juan's abnormal behavior is likely due to a combination of biology and inadequate interpersonal skills.” The psychologist is. a. predicting the future symptoms of Juan b. giving Juan a psychodiagnosis c. offering an explanation for Juan's problem d. describing how to control Juan's symptoms ANS: C REF: The Concerns of Abnormal Psychology OBJ: 1 MSC: Applied Abnormal psychology seeks to describe, explain, predict, and modify unusual behaviors.

Which statement regarding the prediction of abnormal behavior is accurate? a. Even experienced professionals tend to overpredict future violence. b. Psychologists are not interested in predicting clients' future behavior. c. Prediction is unrelated to understanding the cause of abnormality. d. Psychologists tend to underpredict future violence. ANS: A REF: The Concerns of Abnormal Psychology OBJ: 1 MSC: Conceptual
One of Seung-Hui Cho's professors reported Cho's frightening behavior to many campus authorities. What reason did those authorities give her to explain why they could do nothing? a. Cho's therapist did not feel he posed a danger to others. b. There was no space in any of the local mental health facilities to house him. c. Cho did not make any overt threats against anyone. d. When compared with that of his peer group, Cho's behavior was not considered odd. ANS: C REF: The Concerns of Abnormal Psychology OBJ: 1 MSC: Applied
When psychologists talk about modifying abnormal behavior, they mean they are ____. a. attempting to understand the underlying cause of that behavior b. restricting the freedom of dangerous clients c. attempting to anticipate the future behaviors of clients d. using therapy to improve client behavior ANS: D REF: The Concerns of Abnormal Psychology OBJ: 1 MSC: Factual
Which of the following defines therapy most accurately? a. A program of systematic intervention designed to alter behavior, emotion, or thought b. The scientific study of abnormal behavior. c. A system of observing abnormal behavior in an attempt to classify it d. The application of a theoretical model to explain the cause of abnormal behavior ANS: A REF: 1 OBJ: The Concerns of Abnormal Psychology MSC: Factual
A psychologist develops several activities for clients aimed at helping them become more self-disciplined and feel more confident about trying new behaviors. This example illustrates ____. a. how epidemiological work is done in the field b. how therapy may be seen as an attempt to modify behavior c. the function of providing an explanation for abnormal behavior d. the essential need for accurate psychodiagnosis ANS: B REF: The Concerns of Abnormal Psychology OBJ: 1 MSC: Applied

Isabel tells Dr. Paz that the spirits she sees of her dead grandparents are causing her a great deal of anxiety, although they have motivated her to seek her medical degree. Isabel lives in Brazil. If Dr. Paz diagnoses her as having a psychological disorder, he will likely attribute it to which criterion? a. deviance b. distress c. dangerousness d. dysfunction ANS: B REF: Determining Abnormality OBJ: 2 MSC: Applied
One strength in using the deviance criterion is that it ____. a. uses an objective method of defining abnormal behavior b. stresses the attainment of realistic goals c. examines how the individual views his or her own behavior d. accounts for the complexity of behavior observed in people from different cultures ANS: A REF: Determining Abnormality OBJ: 2 MSC: Conceptual
A psychologist defined mental retardation solely on the basis of how far from “normal” an individual's IQ score is. The criterion used is. a. abnormality b. cultural relativism c. cultural universality d. deviance ANS: D REF: Determining Abnormality OBJ: 2 MSC: Conceptual
Anita went to the mall. Suddenly she looked around and had no idea where she was, whether it was day or night, or even what day it was. Anita was experiencing ____. a. a hallucination b. a delusion c. disorientation d. psychosis ANS: C REF: Determining Abnormality OBJ: 2 MSC: Applied
Suree is studying to be a clinical psychologist from an accredited program. She will learn that, with respect to bias in diagnosing clients,. a. even the most enlightened and well-intended mental health professionals may engage in race, gender, and social class bias b. psychologists are less likely than other mental health professionals to overpathologize clients on the basis of race, gender, or social class c. clinical psychologists receive better training than other mental health professionals for recognizing their tendency to hold prejudicial attitudes toward clients d. mental health professionals are more likely to hold prejudicial attitudes and biases against males than against females ANS: A REF: Abnormal Behavior in Context: Sociopolitical and Cultural Limitations OBJ: 3 MSC: Applied

“You must understand the values and expectations of the society in which behavior occurs before you decide that abnormality exists.” This quote best reflects which view of abnormality? a. traditional b. cultural relativism c. epidemiological d. cultural universality ANS: B REF: Abnormal Behavior in Context: Sociopolitical and Cultural Limitations OBJ: 3 MSC: Conceptual
The concept of assumes that certain mental disorders exist across cultures; suggests that mental disorders may manifest differently and certain disorders may only be found in some cultures. a. cultural universality; cultural relativism b. cultural relativism; cultural universality c. cultural relativism; cultural constellation d. cultural diversity; cultural universality ANS: A REF: Abnormal Behavior in Context: Sociopolitical and Cultural Limitations OBJ: 3 MSC: Conceptual
The most fruitful approach to using multicultural criteria is to rely on. a. neither cultural universality nor cultural relativism b. the cultural relativism approach c. the cultural universality approach d. some combination of cultural relativism and cultural universality ANS: D REF: Abnormal Behavior in Context: Sociopolitical and Cultural Limitations OBJ: 3 MSC: Factual
Early psychological research, such as that by Emil Kraepelin, supported which assumption about abnormality? a. cultural relativism b. cultural universality c. statistical norms d. psychopathological ANS: B REF: Abnormal Behavior in Context: Sociopolitical and Cultural Limitations OBJ: 3 MSC: Factual
Juanita visits a mental health center. She complains that her fatigue, anxiety, and inability to sleep keep her from enjoying life. If her symptoms are considered a form of abnormal behavior, it is because she is showing ____. a. delusions and hallucinations b. dysfunction c. disorientation d. deviation from the norm ANS: B REF: Determining Abnormality OBJ: 2 MSC: Applied

One way to assess dysfunction is in terms of the discrepancy between ____. a. thoughts and feelings b. expectations and attitudes c. cultural norms and actual behavior d. personal potential and actual performance ANS: D REF: Determining Abnormality OBJ: 2 MSC: Factual
Teresa, normally an energetic mother of three small children, is suddenly unable to go shopping, prepare meals, or even dress her children. Teresa's behavior illustrates the practical definition of abnormality called. a. disorientation b. discomfort c. dysfunction d. deviance ANS: C REF: Determining Abnormality OBJ: 2 MSC: Applied 33. According to Thomas Szasz, _____._ a. mental illness is a fictional creation by society used to control and change people b. the causes for most mental disorders will ultimately be found in brain pathology c. individuals who are suffering from mental illnesses have biological diseases d. medication is far superior to psychotherapy in reducing the suffering of individuals with mental disorders ANS: A REF: Abnormal Behavior in Context: Sociopolitical and Cultural Limitations OBJ: 3 MSC: Factual
A psychologist considers biological, psychological, social, and sociocultural dimensions when assessing behavior. This psychologist is using which model? a. psychogenic b. cultural universality c. multipath d. statistical deviance ANS: C REF: Abnormal Behavior in Context: Sociopolitical and Cultural Limitations OBJ: 3 MSC: Conceptual
The American Psychiatric Association has published a manual that is the most widely used classification system of psychological disorders. It is called the. a. International Classification of Diseases (ICD) b. Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR) c. Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (PDM) d. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) ANS: D REF: Determining Abnormality OBJ: 2 MSC: Factual

Kunti, a Black slave who works on a Southern plantation in the 18 th^ century, tries to escape to freedom. A psychological diagnosis at that time would likely be that Kunti ____. a. has a normal desire to be free b. suffers from drapetomania c. suffers from an anxiety disorder d. is expressing a statistical anomaly ANS: B REF: Abnormal Behavior in Context: Sociopolitical and Cultural Limitations OBJ: 3 MSC: Applied
Thomas Szasz believes that. a. unusual belief systems are not necessarily wrong b. abnormal behavior reflects an illness c. psychologists are better trained than other professionals to diagnose abnormality d. people who have problems of living are suffering from mental illness ANS: A REF: Abnormal Behavior in Context: Sociopolitical and Cultural Limitations OBJ: 3 MSC: Factual
Dr. Karlin specializes in working with clients whose emotional problems interfere with their ability to work effectively or to engage in meaningful relationships. She focuses on which criterion of abnormality? a. distress b. deviance c. dangerousness d. dysfunction ANS: D REF: Determining Abnormality OBJ: 2 MSC: Applied
"A behavior pattern in an individual that is associated with distress or disability, and is not merely an expectable response to common stressors or losses" would be considered consistent with the definition of abnormal behavior of ____. a. humanistic psychologists b. the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders c. cultural relativists d. the National Institute of Mental Health ANS: B REF: Determining Abnormality OBJ: 2 MSC: Factual
Dr. Henry conducted an epidemiological study to assess the lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia in the United States. Dr. Henry was assessing ____. a. the percentage of people in the United States who suffer from schizophrenia b. the number of people in the United States who have had schizophrenia within a certain period of time c. the total proportion of people in the United States who have ever suffered from schizophrenia d. the age of onset for people in the United States who have schizophrenia ANS: C REF: The Frequency and Burden of Mental Disorders OBJ: 4 MSC: Conceptual

According to the President’s New Freedom Commission on Mental Health (2003), ____. a. the rate of mental disorder among adolescents is on the decrease b. the more education a person has, the more likely he/she is to have a mental disorder c. there is no longer a "stigma" about mental illness d. two-thirds of all people suffering from mental disorders are not receiving or seeking mental health services ANS: D REF: The Frequency and Burden of Mental Disorders OBJ: 4 MSC: Factual
Researchers in the United States have found which one of the following statements to be TRUE? a. The rate of mental disorder in the population has been steadily decreasing over the past 50 years. b. Adolescents and adults are equally likely to suffer from anxiety disorders. c. Women are more likely than men to suffer from mental disorders. d. Adolescents are more likely than adults to suffer from mental disorders. ANS: D REF: The Frequency and Burden of Mental Disorders OBJ: 4 MSC: Factual
According to Merikangas et al. (2010), what percent of adults suffer from serious psychological disorders in a given year? a. 5 percent b. 8 percent c. 25 percent d. 32 percent ANS: C REF: The Frequency and Burden of Mental Disorders OBJ: 4 MSC: Factual
Which of the following mental disorders is the most common in the United States? a. schizophrenia b. anxiety c. mood d. substance abuse ANS: B REF: The Frequency and Burden of Mental Disorders OBJ: 4 MSC: Factual
Which statement about the burden of mental disorders is accurate? a. Incidence is associated with negative attitudes about mental illness. b. “Mental health problems” that do not meet criteria for a mental disorder could be as equally debilitating as a diagnosable mental health disorders if treated inadequately. c. Half of the people who suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder are neither seeking nor receiving mental health services. d. Spending on mental health services is increasing. ANS: B REF: The Frequency and Burden of Mental Disorders OBJ: 4 MSC: Factual

Jason says, “Abnormal behavior is a function of the context in which the behavior occurs and what the observer thinks is abnormal.” Jason's remark ____. a. contradicts the myth that there is a sharp distinction between mentally healthy and mentally disturbed b. supports the myth that mentally disturbed people can use willpower to recover c. supports the myth that mental illness runs in families d. contradicts the myth that mentally disturbed people can cure themselves ANS: A REF: Stereotypes about the Mentally Disturbed OBJ: 5 MSC: Applied
Which of the following statements regarding the causes of mental disorders is accurate? a. In most disorders, heredity and the environment play almost equal roles. b. In most disorders, environmental factors have little influence; heredity is the predominant cause. c. Heredity has little influence on disorders such as schizophrenia and mental retardation. d. In some disorders, heredity plays a causal role, but in all disorders, the environment is extremely important. ANS: D REF: Stereotypes about the Mentally Disturbed OBJ: 5 MSC: Conceptual
At one time, Abraham Lincoln, William James, news anchor Mike Wallace, and author J.K. Rowling each suffered from a mental disorder. Consequently, their examples contradict which of the following myths? a. Mentally disordered people must have had bad parents. b. People can never fully recover from mental disorders. c. Mentally disturbed people must have inherited their disorders. d. Mentally disordered people only need to exercise willpower to recover. ANS: B REF: Stereotypes about the Mentally Disturbed OBJ: 5 MSC: Conceptual
Eli refuses to let his daughter marry Avi because Avi's brother suffered from depression and committed suicide. Eli believes that any children his daughter and Avi would bear would be suicidal. Eli believes which myth about mental illness? a. Mental disorders are inherited. b. We can easily identify people with mental disorders. c. People with mental disorders cannot be cured. d. People with mental disorders are dangerous. ANS: A REF: Stereotypes about the Mentally Disturbed OBJ: 5 MSC: Applied
Many psychological problems stem from situations that are not under an individual's control. This fact counters the myth that. a. mental illness is incurable b. mental patients are usually dangerous c. most mental disorders are caused by inherited biological defects d. mental illness is caused by weak personal willpower ANS: D REF: Stereotypes about the Mentally Disturbed OBJ: 5 MSC: Factual

In some non-Western societies today, headaches, depression, and seizures are all believed to be caused by offended ancestral spirits or by evil forces that possess the sufferer. This type of explanation is called. a. naturalism b. demonology c. trephining d. exorcism ANS: B REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Conceptual
Trephining refers to the process of. a. putting leaches on the body to remove bad blood b. making a person chant and pray to drive out evil spirits c. changing one's diet to improve one's physical and mental health d. boring a hole in the skull to let demons escape ANS: D REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Factual
During what period of time would a behavior disorder most likely be treated with the surgical method called trephining? a. The Stone Age b. Biblical times c. The Golden Age of Greece d. The 19th and 20th centuries ANS: A REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Factual
Exorcism involves. a. increasing one's activity level so that, by becoming fit, a person's body can recover from a physical or mental illness b. chipping a hole in the skull of a person believed to be possessed by demons c. praying and chanting over or flogging and starving a person to cast evil spirits out of the body d. examining the brains of people who have severe mental disorders ANS: C REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Factual
The first naturalistic explanation of abnormal behavior can be traced to. a. early twentieth century psychosurgery b. Philippe Pinel in eighteenth-century Paris c. Hippocrates in ancient Greece d. Galen in ancient Rome ANS: C REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Factual

Suppose an archaeologist unearthed an ancient Greek document that contained instructions for the treatment of mental disorders such as melancholia and mania. What would the writing probably say? a. “Hypnotize the person and encourage the person to express his or her negative emotions.” b. “Have the family treat the person with rest, good diet, and moderate exercise.” c. “Treat the person as you would a witch.” d. “Take a sharp stone and cut a hole in the person's skull to let out the evil demons.” ANS: B REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Conceptual
“Your sadness is what I call melancholia. It is a problem with your brain, the cure for which is abstinence from sex, rest, and, if necessary, the removal of some of your bad blood.” During what era would this advice most likely have been given? a. sixteenth-century Paris, France b. prehistoric times c. ancient Greece d. the Dark Ages ANS: C REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Applied
He practiced in Rome and related mental illness to the brain and central nervous system. His greatest contribution may have been compiling all medical knowledge from Hippocrates' time to his own. Who was he? a. Pinel b. Mesmer c. Weyer d. Galen ANS: D REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Factual
During the Middle Ages, mental illness was ____. a. based on a disease model b. handled with care and humane treatment c. based on scientific principles d. seen as a manifestation of God's will ANS: D REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Factual
The early Christian Church believed that. a. demons could be released through the cathartic method b. many behaviors we call mental disorders were the result of supernatural forces c. science was the most effective way to understand abnormal human behavior d. abnormal behavior was primarily the result of biological abnormality ANS: B REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Factual

Humanism is the ____. a. scientific study of behavior b. philosophical movement that emphasizes human welfare and individual uniqueness c. biological theory of abnormal behavior first used by the ancient Greeks d. name the Catholic Church gave to the practice of identifying and executing individuals they believed were witches ANS: B REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Factual
The humanistic movement of the Renaissance. a. emphasized the value of the cathartic method b. presented the first biogenic theory of abnormal behavior in recorded history c. challenged the notion of demonic possession d. led directly to deinstitutionalization of mentally disordered individuals ANS: C REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Factual
“I reject the idea of witchcraft. Disturbed people are sick people who deserve our sympathy, not torture and death.” Who would have been most likely to say these words? a. Pope Innocent VIII b. Ivan Pavlov c. John B. Watson d. Johann Weyer ANS: D REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Factual
Who ordered the chains to be removed from inmates at a mental asylum and is considered a founder of the moral treatment movement? a. Clifford Beers b. Johann Weyer c. Philippe Pinel d. Dorothea Dix ANS: C REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Factual
“Although I lived in a different country than Philippe Pinel, I also worked to establish moral treatment for mental patients.” Who might have said this? a. William Tuke b. Galen c. Jean-Martin Charcot d. Friedrich Anton Mesmer ANS: A REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Factual

In treating the mentally disturbed, moral therapists were likely to make use of which of the following? a. antipsychotic medications b. controls such as chains, starvation, restraints, and hot baths c. mesmerism d. prayer, work, kindness, and talking out problems ANS: D REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Factual
Imagine that we travel back in time and meet two Americans. The first says, “I am sometimes called the father of U.S. psychiatry. I used bloodletting to treat my mental patients, but I insisted they be treated with respect.” The second says, “Although I was only a schoolteacher, when I saw the deplorable conditions under which mental patients were living, I devoted my life to establishing suitable mental hospitals.” The first person was ____; the second was ____. a. Benjamin Rush; Dorothea Dix b. William Tuke; Clifford Beers c. Clifford Beers; Dorothea Dix d. Benjamin Rush; Friedrich Anton Mesmer ANS: A REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Applied
A history book states, “Benjamin Rush introduced humane policies into American mental hospitals, but it took Dorothea Dix to make significant positive reforms in mental hospital care. After her work, inhumane treatment was eliminated in the United States.” What, if anything, is incorrect in this statement? a. No portion of the statement is incorrect. b. It is incorrect to say that Dix made significant positive reforms. c. It is incorrect to say that inhumane treatment was eliminated by Dix. d. It is incorrect to say that Rush introduced humane policies. ANS: C REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Conceptual
Frenchman Philippe Pinel and American Benjamin Rush were both concerned with ____. a. the development of private “madhouses” because they were highly profitable b. the moral treatment of patients in hospitals c. helping patients gain easy access to medications d. instituting the use of shamans in the modern treatment of mentally disturbed individuals in an attempt to be culturally sensitive ANS: B REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Conceptual
Dr. Lawrence believes that mental illness has an emotional basis. We can therefore conclude that Dr. Lawrence holds view of mental illness. a. an organic b. a biological c. a psychological d. an emotional ANS: C REF: Causes: Early Viewpoints OBJ: 7 MSC: Applied

Imagine that you are in Paris in 1775. People tell you their physical and mental health is remarkably improved when they experience a strange sleeplike trance. Later you hear that the man who performed these remarkable cures was investigated and forced to leave Paris. What forerunner of hypnosis were the people of Paris talking about? a. catharsis b. mesmerism c. exorcism d. trephining ANS: B REF: Causes: Early Viewpoints OBJ: 7 MSC: Applied
Dr. Johns researched mental disorders using laboratory methods. He stressed the importance of directly observable behaviors and the conditions or stimuli that evoked, reinforced, or extinguished them. Dr. Johns adhered to which early viewpoint of mental illness? a. humanism b. behaviorism c. psychoanalysis d. mesmerism ANS: B REF: Causes: Early Viewpoints OBJ: 7 MSC: Applied
When working with one of his female patients, Josef Breuer discovered that she was able to resolve many of her symptoms by remembering and reliving the emotional aspects of previously forgotten memories. This therapeutic use of verbal expression is referred to as the_____method. a. association b. memory c. hypnotic d. cathartic ANS: D REF: Causes: Early Viewpoints OBJ: 7 MSC: Factual
Catharsis assumes that_____. a. abnormal behavior is affected primarily by cultural norms. b. reliving forgotten emotions reduces suffering c. astrology and planetary movements affect human emotions d. drug treatment, coupled with social skills training, improves mental functioning ANS: B REF: Causes: Early Viewpoints OBJ: 7 MSC: Conceptual 94. The advent of psychotropic drugs in the 1950s was considered a major revolution in the treatment of mental disorders for all of the following reasons except that__ _. a. the medications rapidly and dramatically reduced patients' symptoms b. patients were able to focus their attention on their therapy c. use of medications revised the strong belief in the psychological basis of mental illness d. stays in mental hospitals were shortened and became more cost-effective ANS: C REF: Contemporary Trends in Abnormal Psychology OBJ: 8 MSC: Conceptual

Which statement concerning prescription privileges for psychologists is most likely to come from a physician, rather than from a psychologist? a. Granting such privileges could endanger the public. b. Pharmacology interventions may supplant psychological ones. c. It is appropriate to allow psychologists to prescribe medications. d. Prescription privileges would increase the length of time required to complete one's education. ANS: A REF: Contemporary Trends in Abnormal Psychology OBJ: 8 MSC: Conceptual 96.is the industrialization of health care through which large organizations determine what type and duration of treatment clients can have. a. Managed health care b. Multicultural psychology c. Moral therapy d. The drug revolution ANS: A REF: Contemporary Trends in Abnormal Psychology OBJ: 8 MSC: Factual
Critics of empirically based treatments express concern that the move to evidence-based therapy_____. a. is biased in favor of psychodynamic treatment. b. is too broad-based with respect to identifying psychological disorders c. provides too many treatment options d. does not recognize clinical intuition ANS: D REF: Contemporary Trends in Abnormal Psychology OBJ: 8 MSC: Factual
A psychologist says, “Because they have higher birthrates, racial and ethnic minorities in the United States are already a numerical majority. This increase in diversity has led to the field called multicultural psychology, which is interested in increasing the cultural sensitivity of mental health professionals.” What portion of this statement is incorrect? a. It is incorrect to say that multicultural psychology is interested in increasing cultural sensitivity. b. It is incorrect to say that racial minorities have higher birthrates. c. It is incorrect to say that minorities are currently the majority. d. It is incorrect to say that diversity has led to multicultural psychology. ANS: C REF: Contemporary Trends in Abnormal Psychology OBJ: 8 MSC: Applied
Social conditioning, sociopolitical influences, and bias in diagnosis are factors that help explain_____. a. ethnic and gender differences in mental health b. the reason managed health care developed c. the success of hypnosis and catharsis in changing an individual's behavior d. the increase in the number of mental health professionals in the United States ANS: A REF: Contemporary Trends in Abnormal Psychology OBJ: 8 MSC: Conceptual

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