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This description provides definitions for political terms such as historians, political historians, political philosophers, scientific method, types of government, and core American values. Historians describe the past, while philosophers discuss values. Political historians observe government institutions, while political philosophers reflect on the best life. The scientific method involves concepts, hypotheses, and laws. Types of government include autocracy, oligarchy, and democracy. Autocracy is unlimited power by one person, oligarchy is power by a small elite, and democracy is government by the people or elected representatives. Direct democracy allows people to make laws, while indirect democracy involves representatives. Core American values include popular sovereignty, political equality, political liberty, minority rights, and economic liberty.
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Historian- address the IS question and is descriptive Philosophers- Address the SHOULD question What is the best society, how should we be- values judgment TERM 2
DEFINITION 2 Observe the legal institutions of government Describe it TERM 3
DEFINITION 3 Discovering the best life by reflection Normative- subjective or value TERM 4
DEFINITION 4 Concept- abstraction from reality and an over simplification of some complex phenomenon or event. Hypothesis- educated guess number of concepts within it in an attempt to explain Test Hypothesis Develop explanations (theories that are not normative) Laws- do a test and you get the same result every single time TERM 5
DEFINITION 5 Government- the formal(legal) institutions in society which are the ultimate power source. Politics- process of deciding who gets what, when and how. Contains an element of power. Government provides the framework within which politics are carried out.
Autocracy Oligarchy Democracy TERM 7
DEFINITION 7 An autocracy is a form of government in which one person possesses unlimited power. TERM 8
DEFINITION 8 An oligarchy (Greek , Oligarkha) (oligocracy) is a form of government in which power effectively rests with a small elite segment of society distinguished by royalty, wealth, family ties, military might, or religious hegemony. TERM 9
DEFINITION 9 Democracy is a political government carried out either directly by the people (direct democracy) or by means of elected representatives of the people (Representative democracy). TERM 10
DEFINITION 10 people make the laws themselves we dont elect people to make them for us. Initiative- A citizen write a proposal of law then the voters put it into law Referendum- state level not national: legislative propose the bill then give it to citizens to pass the bill Recall- election to remove an officer from office by the people