Download Chapter 1 | HLTH 175 - BASIC NUTRITION and more Quizzes Nutrition in PDF only on Docsity!
Nutrients
Chemical substances in food that constitute to health, many of which are essential parts of a diet. Nutrients nourish us by providing calories to fulfill energy needs, materials for building body parts, and factors to regulate necessary chemical processes in the body. TERM 2
Glucose
DEFINITION 2 A six-carbon sugar that exists in a ring form; found as such in blood, and in table sugar bound to fructose; also know as dextrose, it is one of the simple sugars. TERM 3
Stroke
DEFINITION 3 A decrease or loss in blood flow to the brain that results from a blood clot or other change in arteries in the brain. This in turn causes the heath of brain tissue. Also called a cerebrovascular accident. TERM 4
Carbohydrate
DEFINITION 4 A compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Sugars, starches, and fibers. TERM 5
Lipid
DEFINITION 5 A compound containing much carbon and hydrogen, little oxygen, and sometimes other atoms. Dissolve in ether or benzene, but not in water. Fats, oils, and cholesterol.
Protein
Food and body components made of amino acids. Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes other atoms, in a specific configuration. Contains the form of nitrogen most easily used by the human body. TERM 7
Vitamin
DEFINITION 7 Compound needed in very small amounts in the diet to help regulate and support chemical reactions in the body. TERM 8
Mineral
DEFINITION 8 Element used in the body to promote chemical reactions and to form body structures. TERM 9
Water
DEFINITION 9 The universal solvent. The body is made of about 60% of this. Men need about 13 cups per day, women need about 9 cups per day. TERM 10
Atom
DEFINITION 10 Smallest combining unit of an element, such as iron or calcium. Consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Saturated Fatty Acid
A fatty acid containing no carbon-carbon double bonds. TERM 17
Unsaturated Fatty Acid
DEFINITION 17 A fatty acid containing one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. TERM 18
Trans Fatty Acid
DEFINITION 18 A form of an unsaturated fatty acid, usually a monounsaturated one when found in food, in which the hydrogens on both carbons forming that double bond lie on opposite sides of that bond, rather than on the same side, as in most natural fats. Rich sources include stick margarine, shortenings, and deep-fried foods. TERM 19
Enzyme
DEFINITION 19 A compound that speeds the rate of a chemical reaction but is not altered by the reaction. Almost all of these are proteins. TERM 20
Amino Acid
DEFINITION 20 The building blocks for proteins containing a central carbon atom with nitrogen and other atoms attached.
