Download Chapter 1 | PE 464 - Kinesiology and more Quizzes Kinesiology in PDF only on Docsity!
Kinesiology/Anatomic Kinesiology
Study of motion or human movement /Study of human musculoskeletal system and musculotendinous system TERM 2
Structural Kinesiology/Biomechanics
DEFINITION 2 Study of muscles are they are involved in science of movement/ Application of mechanical physics to human motion TERM 3
Why Kines
DEFINITION 3 *Teach others how to strengthen, improve, and maintain human body/ *Understand specific exercises for training and conditioning/ *Improve specific aspects of physical conditioning TERM 4
Anatomical Position
DEFINITION 4 *Most widely used/ Standing in upright posture, facing straight ahead, feet parallel and close, and palms facing forward TERM 5
Fundamental Postion
DEFINITION 5 Palms faceing the body
Axillary Line
Mid-Axillary: Passes through axiila (armpit)/ Anterior Axillary: Passes through anterior axillary skinfold/ Posterior Axillary: Passes through post. skinfold TERM 7
Mid-Clavical Line
DEFINITION 7 Vertical Line passing through the midpoint of the clavicle TERM 8
Mid-Inguinal Point
DEFINITION 8 Midway point b/w the anterior superior illiac spine and the pubic symphysis. TERM 9
Anterior/Lateral/Posterior/Medial
DEFINITION 9 Front-Outside-Back-Middle TERM 10
Contralateral/Ipsilateral
DEFINITION 10 Opposite Side-Same Side
Axial
Cephalic (Head)- Cranium and Face/ Cervical (Neck)/ Trunk- Thoratic, Dorsal, Abdominal, and Pelvic: Protects the CNS TERM 17
Appendicular
DEFINITION 17 Upper and Lower Limbs: Protects the PNS TERM 18
Sagittal Plane
DEFINITION 18 Divides body into equal, bilateral segments (creates right and left half of the body) Ex: Walking, Running, Crunches, etc. TERM 19
Frontal Plane
DEFINITION 19 Divides body into anterior and posterior halves. Ex: Jumping Jacks, Cartwheel TERM 20
Transverse Plane
DEFINITION 20 Divides body into superior and inferior parts when body is in anatomical position. Ex: Spiral Rotation to left and right
Diagonal Planes
High Diagonal- (over-hand throw of baseball)--- Low Diagonal (golf swing)--- Low Diagonal (kicking a football) TERM 22
Mediolateral Axis
DEFINITION 22 Runs from side to side (medial and lateral) on sagittal plane; includes flexion, extension movements TERM 23
Anteroposterior Axis
DEFINITION 23 Runs from front to back at right angle for frontal plane motion; abduction and adduction movements TERM 24
Longitudinal Axis
DEFINITION 24 Runs straight down through top of head to right angle of transverse plane; internal rotation, external rotation movements TERM 25
Adult Skeleton
DEFINITION 25 206 Bones/ Axial Skeleton (80) and Appendicular (126)
Diaphysis/Cortex/Periosteum
Long cylindrical shaft/ Hard, dense compact bone forming walls of diaphysis/ Dense, fibrous membrane covering outer surface of diaphysis. TERM 32
Endosteum/Medullary Cavity
DEFINITION 32 Fibrous membrane lining the inside of cortex/ Contains yellow or fatty marrow. TERM 33
Epiphysis/Epiphyseal Plate
DEFINITION 33 Ends of long bone formed from cancelleous bone/ Cartilagethat separates diaphysis and epipyses TERM 34
Articular
Cartilage
DEFINITION 34 (Hyaline) Covering the epiphysis; cushions and reduces friction TERM 35
Endochondral Bone
DEFINITION 35 Develops from Hyaline Cartilage/ Starts hard and then turns soft
Bone Growth/Bone Loss
Bones contiune to grow longitudinally as long as the epiphyseal plates(thin plate of cartilage=growth plate). Plates close around adolescence and disappear. Growth in diameter continues throughout life by internal periosteum. New bone is formed by osteoblasts(builders) and osteoclasts(cleaners) who resorb old bone---After age 30, osteoBlasts peak and start to decrease while osteoClast increase in cleaning BUT can be offset by physical activity. TERM 37
Calcaneous Bone
DEFINITION 37 (Trabecular Bone/Spongy Bone) Holey or Pores; low strength but high flexibility; makes more light weight bones (30-90% nonmineralized tissue). TERM 38
Bone
Properties
DEFINITION 38 Calcium Carbonate, Calcium Phosphate, Collagen, and Water; (60-70% Calcium Carb & Phos). (25-30% Water)- Collagen allows for flexibility and strength in resisting tension and is lost as age increases. TERM 39
Cortical Bone
DEFINITION 39 Outer bone with Calcaneous bone underneath; low porosity (5-30% nonmineralized tissue) Can withstand greater stress, but less flexible. TERM 40
Processes
DEFINITION 40 (elevations and projections) Either form joints (Condyle, Facet, Head) or points of attachments for muscles, tendons, or ligaments(Crest, Epicondyle, Suture, Spine, Ect.).
Articulation
(Joints) Connection of bones at a joint usually to allow movement b/w surfaces of bones (Synarthrodial, Amphiarthrodial, Diarthrodial) TERM 47
Synarthrodial
DEFINITION 47 Immovable Joint= Skull TERM 48
Amphiarthrodial
DEFINITION 48 Slightly movable: 3 Types (Syndesmosis, Symphysis, Synchondrosis). TERM 49
Syndesmosis
DEFINITION 49 Two bones joined together by strong ligament or interosseus(connecting bone) membrane; bones may/may not touch (Coracoclavicular Joint- Shoulder) TERM 50
Symphsis
DEFINITION 50 Seperated by fibrocartilage pad that allows slight movement b/w bones (Sympysis Pubis)
Synchondrosis
Seperated by hyaline cartilage allowing slight movement b/w bones (Ribs; used when breathing). TERM 52
Diarthrodial
DEFINITION 52 Synovial Joints-Freely Movable-Has a joint capsule and synovial fluid to lubricate-contains ligaments (bone to bone) Hyaline (articular) cartilage covers ends: absorbs shock and protects bone TERM 53
Gliding Joints
DEFINITION 53 Flat bony surfaces which butt against each other; work together in series of articulations (intercarpal and intertarsal) TERM 54
Hinge Joint
DEFINITION 54 Uniaxial Articulation; motion in only one plane (Elbow and Knee) TERM 55
Pivot Joint
DEFINITION 55 Uniaxial articulation; Rotational movement around long axis (Radioulnar Joint- Elbow).
Adduction
Movement medially toward the midline in frontal plane TERM 62
Flexion
DEFINITION 62 Bending movement with a decrease in joint by bringing bones together, usually sagittal plane TERM 63
Extension
DEFINITION 63 Straightenting movement that results in an increase of angle joint by moving bones apart, usually sagittal plane TERM 64
Circumduction
DEFINITION 64 Cone, combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction TERM 65
External Rotation
DEFINITION 65 Rotary movement around longitudinal axis of body AWAY from midline of body
Internal Rotation
Rotary movement around longitudinal axis or a bone TOWARD midline of body TERM 67
Eversion/Inversion
DEFINITION 67 Turning sole of foot outward or laterally/ Turning sole of foot inward or medially TERM 68
Dorsal Flexion/Plantar Flexion
DEFINITION 68 Flexion of ankle resulting in top of foot moving TOWARD anterior tibia (weight on heels)/ Extension movement of ankle resulting in foot moving AWAY from body (tip toes) TERM 69
Pronation
DEFINITION 69 Ankle&Foot: Combo of ankle dorsiflexion, subtalar eversion, and forfoot abduction (low arches) Radioulnar: Internal rotation of radius where lies diagonally across ulna, palm- down position of forearm. TERM 70
Supination
DEFINITION 70 Ankle&Foot: Combo of ankle plantar flexion, subtalar inversion, and forefoot adduction (high arches) Radioulnar: External rotation of radius where lies parallel to ulna, palm- up postion of forearm.
More Wrist and
Hand
Radial Flexion (Radial Deviation)- Abduction movement at wrist of thumb side of hand toward forearm (raising hand) Ulnar Flexion (Ulnar Deviation)- Adduction movement at wrist of little finger side of hand toward forearm.---ALSO Opposition of Thumb- moving thumb to palm. Reposition of Thumb- bringing thumb back from palm to anatomical position. TERM 77
Physiological & Osteokinematic
Movements
DEFINITION 77 Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction, and Rotation-occur by bones moving through planes of motion about axis or rotation of joint/ Resulting motion of bones relative to 3 cardinal planes from these physiological- must be movement b/w joint articular surfaces. TERM 78
Arthrokinematics
DEFINITION 78 Arthro= Joints Only; Motion b/w articular surfaces (described using accessory motions). TERM 79
Accessory Motions
DEFINITION 79
- Spin 2. Roll 3. Glide TERM 80
Physiological vs. Accessory
DEFINITION 80 If accessory motion is prevented, physiological motion cannot occur to any substantial degree other than joint compression or distraction. Diarthrodial joints most allows have to either roll or glide due to concave/convex connection (When you stand from sitting, femur must roll forward and simultaneously slide backward on tibia for knee to extend)
Roll
(Rock)-Series of points on one articular surface contact with series of points on another articular surface TERM 82
Glide
DEFINITION 82 (Slide/Translation)- Specific point on one articulating surface comes in contact with series of points on another surface. TERM 83
Spin
DEFINITION 83 Single point on one articular surface rotates about a single point on another articular surface- motion around stationary longitudinal mechanical axis in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction.
