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Cell Signaling and Hormone Function, Quizzes of Biology

This document defines key terms related to cell signaling and hormone function, including autonomous organisms, the evolution of multicellular organisms, signal transduction, hormones, the endocrine system, the structure of hormones, the cell signaling process, transduction steps, phosphorylation, and protein kinases. It outlines the process of how a cell converts an extracellular signal into a response and the role of hormones and the endocrine system in regulating the body.

Typology: Quizzes

2010/2011

Uploaded on 07/27/2011

warren-lin7
warren-lin7 🇺🇸

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TERM 1
Autonomous
DEFINITION 1
Can survive by themselves
TERM 2
How many years ago did the evolution of
complex multicellular organisms occur?
DEFINITION 2
600 MYACellular specialization at the expense of cellulfar
autonomy
TERM 3
Signal Transduction
DEFINITION 3
The process by which a cell converts an extracellular signal
into a reponse.
TERM 4
Hormone
DEFINITION 4
Information-carrying molecule that is secreted from a cell,
circulates in the body, and acts on target cells far from the
signaling cell.
TERM 5
Endocrine System
DEFINITION 5
The body's system of glands that secrete hormones in order
to regulate the body. Only certain cells respond.
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TERM 1

Autonomous

DEFINITION 1 Can survive by themselves TERM 2

How many years ago did the evolution of

complex multicellular organisms occur?

DEFINITION 2 600 MYACellular specialization at the expense of cellulfar autonomy TERM 3

Signal Transduction

DEFINITION 3 The process by which a cell converts an extracellular signal into a reponse. TERM 4

Hormone

DEFINITION 4 Information-carrying molecule that is secreted from a cell, circulates in the body, and acts on target cells far from the signaling cell. TERM 5

Endocrine System

DEFINITION 5 The body's system of glands that secrete hormones in order to regulate the body. Only certain cells respond.

TERM 6

Structure of Hormones. They are made of...

DEFINITION 6 Polypeptides, Amino Acids/Derivatives, and steroids. TERM 7

Cell Signaling Process (Outline)

DEFINITION 7

  1. Reception2. Transduction3. Response TERM 8

Transduction Steps

DEFINITION 8

  1. Molecules that relay a signal from receptor to response are mostly proteins2. One receptor activates another protein and so on until response occurs3. At each step the signal becomes a different form, usually "conformational"4. It can... amplify a signal, or provide more coordination and regulation TERM 9

Phosphorylation

DEFINITION 9 The addition of a phosphate to a protein or enzyme and can facilitate the start or stop of the reaction. TERM 10

Protein Kinases

DEFINITION 10 Enzymes that transfer phosphate from ATP to the hydroxyl R groups of serine, tyrosine, or threonine.