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introspection
process of looking inward and examining ones own thoughts and feelings TERM 2
acquisition
DEFINITION 2 In observational learning, the stage at which the models behavior is recognized and stored in memory TERM 3
discrimination
DEFINITION 3 failure of a stimulus similar in some characteristics t the conditioned stimulus to evoke the conditioned response TERM 4
generalization
DEFINITION 4 the "spread" of a conditioned response to a stimulus similar, but not identical, to the conditioned stimulus TERM 5
gradient
DEFINITION 5 the more similar the original stimulus is to the test stimulus, the more likely it is for generalization to occur
extinction
cessation of responding when a learned response is no longer reinforced; also, cessation of reinforcement for a previously reinforced response TERM 7
spontaneous recovery
DEFINITION 7 in classical conditioning, the return of a conditioned response after extinction TERM 8
the Garcia effect
DEFINITION 8 conditioned taste aversion TERM 9
latent inhibition
DEFINITION 9 refers to the situation in which the expected effect of paring of stimuli does not result in the CS producing the CR; it may occur because the paring of stimuli was inconsistent or the CS preceded the UCS or was temporally separated from it TERM 10
placebo
DEFINITION 10 an inert substance or therapeutically empty treatment
respondent behavior
behavior that is elicited by an identifiable environmental stimulus TERM 17
discriminative stimuli
DEFINITION 17 a stimulus that signals that a response is now appropriate and likely to be reinforced TERM 18
stimulus control
DEFINITION 18 behavior that occurs only when certain environmental circumstances (discriminative stimuli) are present TERM 19
cumulative records
DEFINITION 19 graphically displayed data that represent the participants rate of response and response rate changes over time TERM 20
acquisition curves
DEFINITION 20 graphic plot of the frequency of a target behavior as it accelerates over time; the line rises at an increasingly sharp angle upward toward the right
extinction curves
graphical line dropping off toward the horizontal that represents a drop in rate of responding over time TERM 22
operationally defined
DEFINITION 22 the translation of a variable of interest into directly observable and measurable terms for the purpose of direct study TERM 23
punishment
DEFINITION 23 a consequence that reduces the likelihood of future occurrence of the behavior that preceded it; usually an aversive consequence TERM 24
time out
DEFINITION 24 withdrawing a client's access to positive reinforcers for a brief, preset period immediately after an unwanted behavior occurs TERM 25
reinforcers
DEFINITION 25 consequences of a behavior that increase its frequency
fading
in operant behavioral therapy, the gradual removal of prompts so that the person finally performs the response without cues TERM 32
shaping
DEFINITION 32 reinforcing progressively closer approximations to the desired behavior TERM 33
schedule of
reinforcement
DEFINITION 33 the rate or time interval at which desired responses are reinforced TERM 34
continuous reinforcement
schedule
DEFINITION 34 a schedule of reinforcement in which the individual is reinforced every time the behavior to be strengthened is emitted TERM 35
intermittent reinforcement
schedule
DEFINITION 35 partial; a pattern of reinforcement in which only some instances of the desired response are reinforced
ratio schedules
a pattern of reinforcement in which the reinforcer is received after a certain number of responses have been made TERM 37
fixed
DEFINITION 37 not subject to variation or ranging values TERM 38
interval schedules
DEFINITION 38 a pattern of reinforcement in which a reinforcer is received if the desired response occurs after a specified length of time has elapsed since the last reinforcement TERM 39
fixed-interval schedule
DEFINITION 39 a schedule of reinforcement in which the individual is reinforced for the first response made after a set amount of time has elapsed TERM 40
fixed-ratio schedules
DEFINITION 40 a schedule of reinforcement in which the individual is reinforced after a set number of responses
