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Gene
A gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA which codes for a molecule that has a function. The DNA is first copied into RNA. TERM 2
Nucleotide
DEFINITION 2 Nucleotides are organic molecules that serve as the monomer units for forming the nucleic acid polymers deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid (RNA), both of which are essential biomolecules in all life-forms on Earth. TERM 3
Pyrimidine
DEFINITION 3 Pyrimidine is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound similar to pyridine. One of the three diazines, it has the nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 in the ring. TERM 4
Thymine
DEFINITION 4 Thymine is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA that are represented by the letters G-C-A-T. TERM 5
Hydrogen Bond
DEFINITION 5 A hydrogen bond is an electrostatic attraction between two polar groups that occurs when a hydrogen atom covalently bound to a highly electronegative atom such as nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or fluorine (F) experiences the electrostatic field of another highly electronegative atom nearby.
Complementary
In genetics, complementary DNA (cDNA) is DNA synthesized from a single stranded RNA (e.g., messenger RNA (mRNA) or microRNA) template in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme reverse transcriptase. TERM 7
Primase
DEFINITION 7 DNA primase is an enzyme involved in the replication of DNA and is a type of DNA polymerase. Primase catalyzes the synthesis of a short RNA segment called a primer complementary to a ssDNA template. TERM 8
Proofread
DEFINITION 8 Proofreading is the reading of a galley proof or an electronic copy of a publication to detect and correct production errors of text or art. TERM 9
Telomere
DEFINITION 9 A telomere is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences at each end of a chromosome, which protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration or from fusion with neighboring chromosomes. TERM 10
Chromatin
DEFINITION 10 Chromatin is a complex of macromolecules found in cells, consisting of DNA, protein, and RNA. The primary functions of chromatin are 1) to package DNA into a more compact, denser shape, 2) to reinforce the DNA macromolecule to allow mitosis, 3) to prevent DNA damage, and 4) to control gene expression and DNA replication.
Template
Template metaprogramming (TMP) is a metaprogramming technique in which templates are used by a compiler to generate temporary source code, which is merged by the compiler with the rest of the source code and then compiled. TERM 17
Replication Bubble
DEFINITION 17 In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. TERM 18
RNA Primer
DEFINITION 18 A primer is a short strand of RNA or DNA (generally about 18- 22 bases) that serves as a starting point for DNA synthesis. TERM 19
Mismatch Repair
DEFINITION 19 Mismatch repair cancer syndrome is a cancer syndrome associated with biallelic DNA mismatch repair mutations. TERM 20
Apoptosis
DEFINITION 20 Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms.
Gistones
Go is an abstract strategy board game for two players, in which the aim is to surround more territory than the opponent. TERM 22
M Phase
DEFINITION 22 In cell biology, mitosis is a part of the cell cycle when replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. TERM 23
Transformation
DEFINITION 23 In linear algebra, linear transformations can be represented by matrices. If T is a linear transformation mapping Rn to Rm and TERM 24
Phage
DEFINITION 24 A bacteriophage , also known informally as a phage , is a virus that infects and replicates within a bacterium. TERM 25
Guanine
DEFINITION 25 Guanine is one of the four main nucleobases found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA, the others being adenine, cytosine, and thymine (uracil in RNA).
Telomerase
Telomerase, also called terminal transferase, is a ribonucleoprotein that adds a species-dependent telomere repeat sequence to the 3' end of telomeres. TERM 32
Nucleosome
DEFINITION 32 A nucleosome is a basic unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes, consisting of a segment of DNA wound in sequence around eight histone protein cores. TERM 33
Interphase
DEFINITION 33 Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle in which a typical cell spends most of its life. During this phase, the cell copies its DNA in preparation for mitosis. TERM 34
DNA
DEFINITION 34 Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA) is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. TERM 35
Purine
DEFINITION 35 A purine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound that consists of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring.
Cytosine
Cytosine is one of the four main bases found in DNA and RNA, along with adenine, guanine, and thymine (uracil in RNA). TERM 37
DNA Replication
DEFINITION 37 In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. TERM 38
Helicase
DEFINITION 38 Helicases are a class of enzymes vital to all living organisms. Their main function is to unpackage an organism's genes. TERM 39
Leading Strand
DEFINITION 39 In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. TERM 40
Mutation
DEFINITION 40 In biology, a mutation is the permanent alteration of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetic elements.
