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CHAPTER 15 RESPIRATORY EMERGENCIES QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED ANSWERS - UNIVERSIT, Exams of Nursing

University of Utah (The U)Nursing

CHAPTER 15 RESPIRATORY EMERGENCIES QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED ANSWERS - UNIVERSITY OF UTAH

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2024/2025

Available from 06/25/2025

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CHAPTER 15 RESPIRATORY EMERGENCIES
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS - UNIVERSITY OF UTAH
1) Family directs you to a bedroom where a 62-year-old male is in respiratory distress.
During the scene size-up, which of the following most strongly suggests that the
patient suffers from a chronic respiratory disease? - correct answers Patient in chair
in tripod position
2) What is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in infants and children? - correct
answers Respiratory compromise
3) When assessing a 3-year-old male in respiratory distress, the EMT should
recognize "see-saw" breathing when he observes: - correct answers movement of the
chest and abdomen in opposite directions.
4) It is important for the EMT to remember that when an infant or child starts to
become hypoxic, the pulse will initially: - correct answers increase.
5) The mother of a 5-year-old female states that her daughter has been "sick" with a
sore throat and fever for several days. The mother became concerned tonight and
called 911 because the child was "making funny noises" and could not breathe. Your
assessment reveals a lethargic, well-developed child sitting upright and with high-
pitched tracheal noises when she breathes. Of the following, what is the priority
action? - correct answers Administering supplemental oxygen
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Download CHAPTER 15 RESPIRATORY EMERGENCIES QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED ANSWERS - UNIVERSIT and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED

ANSWERS - UNIVERSITY OF UTAH

  1. Family directs you to a bedroom where a 62-year-old male is in respiratory distress. During the scene size-up, which of the following most strongly suggests that the patient suffers from a chronic respiratory disease? - correct answers Patient in chair in tripod position
  2. What is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in infants and children? - correct answers Respiratory compromise
  3. When assessing a 3-year-old male in respiratory distress, the EMT should recognize "see-saw" breathing when he observes: - correct answers movement of the chest and abdomen in opposite directions.
  4. It is important for the EMT to remember that when an infant or child starts to become hypoxic, the pulse will initially: - correct answers increase.
  5. The mother of a 5-year-old female states that her daughter has been "sick" with a sore throat and fever for several days. The mother became concerned tonight and called 911 because the child was "making funny noises" and could not breathe. Your assessment reveals a lethargic, well-developed child sitting upright and with high- pitched tracheal noises when she breathes. Of the following, what is the priority action? - correct answers Administering supplemental oxygen

QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED

ANSWERS - UNIVERSITY OF UTAH

  1. An alert and oriented 45-year-old female patient is complaining of shortness of breath. Although her respiratory volume and rate are satisfactory, you note cyanosis in her fingertips. Which one of the following should be your next action? - correct answers Administer supplemental oxygen.
  2. A 67-year-old male patient is complaining of shortness of breath. The patient cannot remember how many times he used his inhaler prior to your arrival. Which of the following should be your next action? - correct answers Call medical direction for advisement.
  3. A confused, lethargic, and nonverbal 50-year-old female has altered mental status. You are told she has a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The primary assessment reveals a breathing rate of 6 per minute and cool, clammy skin with cyanosis around the lips. Which of the following should be your next action? - correct answers Assist respirations with positive pressure ventilation.
  4. How many breaths per minute is normal for a child who is breathing adequately? - correct answers 15 to 30
  5. How many breaths per minute is normal for an infant? - correct answers 8 to 10
  6. Which one of the following is considered an early sign of inadequate breathing in children? - correct answers Nasal flaring

QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED

ANSWERS - UNIVERSITY OF UTAH

  1. After you administer a medication through a metered-dose inhaler (MDI), it is important that the patient: - correct answers hold her breath for several seconds.
  2. A patient requires several doses of medication from her metered-dose inhaler. At a minimum, how long should the EMT wait between administrations? - correct answers 2 minutes
  3. At a health fair, a patient informs you that she has just been prescribed a metered- dose inhaler (MDI) for her asthma. She states that she is confused about how to take the medication when needed. Which one of the following statements about the MDI would be most appropriate for you to make? - correct answers "It is important to shake the inhaler vigorously before taking the medication."
  4. You are administering a medication through a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) using a spacer. Which one of the following actions would be most appropriate? - correct answers Administer the medication into the spacer and then have the patient inhale.
  5. Your medical director's written protocol instructs you to obtain on-line medical direction prior to assisting a patient with a metered-dose inhaler (MDI). Given this protocol, you must contact: - correct answers an emergency physician prior to assisting with the MDI.

QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED

ANSWERS - UNIVERSITY OF UTAH

  1. You have been called for a patient who is complaining of shortness of breath. On scene you find the 41-year-old woman sitting upright in bed with nasal flaring and wheezing. A metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is lying on the nightstand next to her. To assist her with the MDI, which of the following criteria must be met? - correct answers The MDI must be prescribed for the patient.
  2. You are called to a motor vehicle collision. A 26-year-old female states that she was unrestrained and struck the steering column with her chest after the car she was driving struck another from behind. She is somewhat confused, and complaining of chest pain and difficult and painful breathing when she inhales. Her airway is patent and her breathing is adequate. Assessment of the radial pulse reveals it to be rapid and very irregular and weak. She has cyanosis in her nose and finger tips. Her breath sounds are clear and equal and skin moist and pale. She informs you that she suffers from asthma and has a metered-dose inhaler (MDI). What is your best action in treating this patient? - correct answers Apply supplemental oxygen.
  3. Auscultation of breath sounds in a patient complaining of shortness of breath reveals wheezing. Which one of the following conditions is responsible for this finding?

- correct answers Bronchiole constriction

  1. A 4-year-old female is having great difficulty breathing. She is responsive to verbal stimuli and has an open airway. Her respiratory rate is 40 breaths per minute, and she has an SpO2 reading of 88% while receiving high-concentration oxygen through a pediatric nonrebreather mask. Her pulse is rapid, and her skin cool to the touch. As a knowledgeable EMT, you would recognize what condition? - correct answers Respiratory failure

QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED

ANSWERS - UNIVERSITY OF UTAH

  1. A 4-year-old boy in respiratory distress is sitting upright in bed and drooling. His mother states that he has been complaining of a sore throat throughout the day and tonight became severely short of breath and started drooling. He is alert with adequate breathing. His skin is hot to the touch. Vital signs are pulse 132, respirations 28, and SpO2 90% on room air. Which one of the following is your first action in caring for this child? - correct answers Apply supplemental oxygen.
  2. Following a call in which you treated a pediatric patient suffering from croup, a new EMT who is in orientation asks you how you can differentiate croup from epiglottitis. Which one of the following responses would be most appropriate? - correct answers "The child with epiglottitis typically drools; the child with croup rarely, if ever, drools."
  3. A 911 call was placed for a 3-year-old child with difficulty breathing. On scene you note that the child is upright with slight stridor upon inspiration. He is alert and breathing at a rate of 30 breaths per minute. His skin is warm and dry, and his radial pulse strong and regular. His breath sounds are clear and equal. His mother states that he has been fine all day until 15 minutes ago when he was playing with friends in the playroom and suddenly started having difficulty breathing. As an EMT, you should suspect which of the following conditions? - correct answers Foreign body airway obstruction
  4. A 48-year-old male is short of breath and confused. His airway is open, and his breathing accelerated. A radial pulse is easily palpated. His skin is warm to cool and dry. Your partner reports the following vital signs: pulse 124 beats per minute, respirations 24, blood pressure 158/86 mmHg, and an SpO2 at 89% on room air. His lung sounds indicate slight wheezing. Based on this information, the immediate threat to this patient's well-being is which one of the following conditions? - correct answers Hypoxia

QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED

ANSWERS - UNIVERSITY OF UTAH

  1. A 36-year-old patient has overdosed on an unknown drug and is unresponsive. He is breathing shallowly at 6 times per minute. He has cyanosis around his lips and to his fingertips. His skin is cool to the touch, and his radial pulse is rapid. His breath sounds are diminished but clear. The EMT should recognize which one of the following respiratory conditions? - correct answers Hypoxia
  2. A son has called 911 for his father, who is having difficulty breathing. On scene the 81 - year-old patient is lethargic and lying on a couch in the living room and is in obvious respiratory distress. He is confused, but has an open airway. His respirations are 30 per minute and his skin is extremely diaphoretic with cyanosis in the fingertips. At this time, the EMT should: - correct answers start positive pressure ventilation.
  3. When assessing a patient complaining of shortness of breath, which of the following actions should the EMT perform first? - correct answers Assess the adequacy of a patient's breathing.
  4. You are treating a patient who states that he has been short of breath for the past month. Tonight, his breathing just "got too bad" and he decided to call 911. The 67-year- old male is alert and oriented and has a patent airway. He is breathing 24 times per minute but appears to have an adequate tidal volume. His pulse is strong and regular, and his skin is warm. Vital signs are: pulse 92 beats per minute, respirations 22, blood pressure 128/66 mmHg, and SpO2 93% while on home oxygen at 2 lpm. What instruction would you give to your partner regarding this patient's care? - correct answers "Let's try 3 liters of oxygen through a nasal cannula."

QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED

ANSWERS - UNIVERSITY OF UTAH

  1. You realize the EMT is properly ventilating an unresponsive adult male patient when he: - correct answers delivers each breath over a 1-second period.
  2. A 71-year-old female is complaining of the sudden onset of shortness of breath and rapid breathing. She also states that she is experiencing some chest pain that seems to worsen when she takes a deep breath. The primary assessment shows her to be alert and oriented with a patent airway and rapid breathing that is adequate. Her pulse rate is 92 per minute and her blood pressure is 116/68 mmHg. When obtaining a history, which statement made by the patient should raise your suspicion that the patient may be experiencing a pulmonary embolism? - correct answers "I had foot surgery five days ago."
  3. A patient who is nonverbal from a previous stroke is in severe respiratory distress. Family states that she has multiple medical problems including high blood pressure, diabetes, heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (emphysema and chronic bronchitis). When assessing the patient, which one of the following signs or symptoms should raise your suspicion that the patient is suffering from heart failure, as opposed to COPD or asthma? - correct answers Pulmonary crackles
  4. You have been called to a home for an 18-year-old male who informs you that he experienced a sudden onset of shortness of breath and back pain while watching television. He also informs you that he has a history of spontaneous pneumothorax, and the current symptoms he is experiencing are identical to those he felt with a previous pneumothorax. Assessment reveals the patient to be slightly dyspneic with breath sounds clear and intact bilaterally. During transport, what is most critical to continually monitor on this patient? - correct answers Breath sounds

QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED

ANSWERS - UNIVERSITY OF UTAH

  1. You have arrived on scene to find a 32-year-old male patient complaining of rapid breathing, light-headedness, tachycardia, and numbness and tingling to his lips and hands. Family on scene reports that he received bad advice from his attorney about a pending divorce when the symptoms started. The patient denies chest pain as well as any other past medical history. His pulse is 124, respirations are 52, and his blood pressure is 158/68 mmHg. What is your first course of action in treating this patient? - correct answers Instruct the patient to close his mouth and breathe through his nose.
  2. When auscultating breath sounds, the EMT should recognize rhonchi when he hears which of the following sounds? - correct answers Rattling-like noises that decrease when the patient coughs
  3. You are by the side of a 77-year-old male with the complaint of shortness of breath. Auscultation of his lungs indicates crackles in the bases. In addition, both of his feet are swollen. His SpO2 on room air is 82% and the remainder of his vitals are: pulse 144 , respirations 26, and blood pressure 168/90 mmHg. He is complaining of lower- back pain with a history of a "pinched nerve" in that area. He continues to state that he always has this pain. He has difficulty finishing his sentences without gasping for air. Which of the following is the most appropriate care for this patient? - correct answers Transport in an upright position
  4. The EMT is properly using a small-volume nebulizer when she: - correct answers attaches the nebulizer to oxygen at 8 to 10 lpm.

QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED

ANSWERS - UNIVERSITY OF UTAH

  1. You are administering positive pressure ventilation to an elderly male with a history of advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following must you keep in mind as you care for this patient? - correct answers Too forceful ventilations may rupture the lung tissue and cause a pneumothorax.
  2. When auscultating the lungs of an elderly patient, you note rhonchi-like noises to the upper lobes of both lungs. As a knowledgeable EMT, you would recognize that this is caused by: - correct answers accumulation of mucus in the bronchi.
  3. When administering albuterol to a patient with shortness of breath, the EMT realizes that the therapeutic effect of this medication is achieved by: - correct answers dilating the small airways.
  4. As you enter a room for an unknown medical emergency, you find an unresponsive male with snoring respirations lying supine in bed. Which one of the following actions should you take immediately? - correct answers Perform a head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver.
  5. The EMT indicates that he is properly assessing the patient's breath sounds when he gives which one of the following instructions to the patient? - correct answers "Please breathe slowly through your mouth as I listen to your lungs."

QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED

ANSWERS - UNIVERSITY OF UTAH

  1. You arrive on scene for a 9-year-old female with a severe cough. Her mother states that she has spoken to her pediatrician who believes that the child may have whooping cough and should be taken to the hospital for evaluation. Her mother states that she is unsure if her daughter has had all her immunizations. Which one of the following statements would be most appropriate in the care of this patient? - correct answers "She is possibly contagious, so let's put a surgical mask on her."
  2. You have a patient that you suspect of being infected with pertussis (whooping cough). While performing the primary assessment, you note a deep cough with clear breath sounds. Her vital signs are: pulse 108, respirations 16, and SpO2 at 96% on room air. Given this scenario, which one of the following would be most appropriate? - correct answers Monitor the patient and transport.
  3. Which of the following pieces of information would heighten the EMT's suspicion that a child with a persistent cough may have pertussis (whooping cough)? - correct answers Never had childhood immunizations
  4. You have been dispatched to a home for a 16-year-old female with shortness of breath. On scene you find the patient in bed with her mother at her side. Her mother states that her daughter has a fever with a past medical history of cystic fibrosis and would like to have her transported to the hospital for evaluation of possible pneumonia. As a knowledgeable EMT, you know that the underlying pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis is a: - correct answers condition in which excessive and thick mucus often plugs the airways.

QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED

ANSWERS - UNIVERSITY OF UTAH

  1. On scene you suspect that a young female patient is suffering from hyperventilation syndrome. Which one of the following signs would best assist you in confirming this suspicion? - correct answers Spasm of the hands
  2. You are transporting a 4-year-old female who you found sitting in a chair with labored respirations, inspiratory stridor, and drooling. Which one of the following signs would warrant immediate reassessment? - correct answers The stridor disappears.
  3. You have been called to an industrial warehouse for a young adult male who was exposed to an unknown chemical gas. The patient was immediately removed from the environment and presents to you with a patent airway, burning to the throat with inspiration, and complaint of shortness of breath. His vital signs are: pulse 120, respirations 28, blood pressure 164/60, and SpO2 of 90%. In addition, you note bilateral wheezing to the lungs. What should be your first action in caring for this patient? - correct answers Administer high-concentration oxygen.
  4. You have been called for a 6-year-old male with shortness of breath. On scene you find the patient with a runny nose and mucus coming from the right nare. Breath sounds are clear and his SpO2 is 99% on room air. When asked, he states that his throat is very sore. His vital signs are: pulse 124, respirations 20, and temperature 98.9∘F. There is no medical history, according to the mother. Which one of the following statements or instructions would be most appropriate for this situation? - correct answers "He is very stable, but we will take him to the hospital. The danger lies in the infection spreading to the lungs."

QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED

ANSWERS - UNIVERSITY OF UTAH

  1. The EMT understands adequate breathing when he states: - correct answers "Normal and adequate breathing is specific to the patient and is determined by assessment."
  2. The EMT is correctly accessing for accessory muscle use when he examines what part of the body? - correct answers Chest
  3. You are starting to assess a patient's breath sounds and have just listened to the upper right back. You would next listen to the: - correct answers left upper back.
  4. Which of the following respiratory sounds would make you suspicious of an upper airway problem? - correct answers Stridor
  5. A patient, with a history of COPD, is breathing 32 times a minute. Her vital signs are: pulse 140, blood pressure 168/102, and SpO2 98% on room air. You would classify this as: - correct answers dyspnea
  6. The best way to gauge the effectiveness of oxygen therapy would be to monitor the:

- correct answers pulse oximetry.

  1. A patient in respiratory distress is exhibiting pursed lip breathing. You realize that he is doing this to: - correct answers keep the small airways open.