Download Terms and Definitions in Social Change, Industrialization, and Environmental Sociology and more Quizzes Conflictology in PDF only on Docsity!
modernization
the transformation of traditional societies into industrial societies TERM 2
dialectical process
DEFINITION 2 each arrangement of power contains contradictions which make the arrangement unstable and which must be resolved; the new arrangement of power contains its own contradictions; this process of balancing and unbalancing continues throughout history as groups struggle for power and other resources. TERM 3
invention
DEFINITION 3 the combination of existing elements and materials to form news ones; identified by William Ogburn as one of three porcesses of social change. TERM 4
discovery
DEFINITION 4 a new way of seeing reality; identified by William Ogburn as one of three processes of social change TERM 5
diffusion
DEFINITION 5 Definitionthe spread of an invention or a discovery from one area to another; identified by William Ogburn as one of three processes of social change
cultural lag
Ogburn's term for human behavior lagging behind technological innovations TERM 7
postmodern societies
DEFINITION 7 another tem for post industrial society; a chief characteristic is the use of tools that exten human abilities to gather and analyze information, to communicate, and to travel TERM 8
social movements
DEFINITION 8 a large group of people who are organized to promote or resist some social change TERM 9
proactive social movement
DEFINITION 9 a social movement that promotes some social change TERM 10
reactive social movement
DEFINITION 10 a social movement that seeks to reform some specific aspect of society
transnational social movements
a social movement whose emphasis is on some condition around the world, instead of on a condition in a specific country; also known as a new social movement TERM 17
metaformative social movements
DEFINITION 17 a social movement that has the goal to change the social order not just of a country or two, but of a civilization, or even of the entire world TERM 18
public opinion
DEFINITION 18 how people think about some issue TERM 19
propaganda
DEFINITION 19 in its broad sense, information used to try to influence people; in its narrow sense, one-sided information used to try to influence people TERM 20
resource mobilization
DEFINITION 20 a theory that social movements succeed or fail based on their ability to mobilize resources such as time, money, and people's skills
sustainable environment
a world system that takes into account the limits of the environment, produces enough material goods for everyone's needs, and leaves a sound environment for the next generation TERM 22
acid rain
DEFINITION 22 rain containing sulfuric and nitric acids TERM 23
greenhouse effect
DEFINITION 23 the buildup of carbon dioxide in the earth's atmosphere that allows light to enter but inhibits the release of heat; believed to cause global warming TERM 24
global warming
DEFINITION 24 an increase in the earth's temperature due to the greenhouse effect TERM 25
environmental injustice
DEFINITION 25 refers to how minorities and the poor are harmed the most by environmental pollution
