Download Origins of Life and Evolution of Organisms: Key Terms and Concepts and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
When did the Big Bang happen?
12-15 billion years ago TERM 2
When did Earth form?
DEFINITION 2 4.6 billion years ago TERM 3
What were the first cells on Earth?
DEFINITION 3 Anaerobic bacteria TERM 4
What was the first atmosphere made of? What
important gas was missing?
DEFINITION 4 Hydrogen Gas Nitrogen Carbon Monoxide Carbon Dioxide No gaseous Oxygen TERM 5
What would happen if Earth were smaller or
closer/farther from the sun?
DEFINITION 5 Smaller - Gravity wouldn't be great enough to hold onto atmosphere Closer - Water would have evaporated Farther - Water would have been locked up as ice
What are the 3 most popular hypothesis on
the Origin of Life?
Special Creation - Divine force Extraterrestrial Origin - Panspermia Spontaneous Origin - Inanimate matter evolved TERM 7
4 Possibilities of where cells first
originated?
DEFINITION 7 Ocean's Edge - bubbles from waves Under Frozen Oceans - unlikely, Earth was too hot Tidal flats - Clay templates Hydrothermal Vents - Iron sulfide-rich rocks. TERM 8
What are the fundamental properties of life?
DEFINITION 8 Cellular organization Sensitivity Growth Development Reproduction Regulation Homeostasis Heredity TERM 9
Earliest Cells: - Originated when? -Oldest
fossils? - Traits of cells? -Acquired ATP how?
DEFINITION 9 3.8 Billion years ago in the Achaean Eon 2.5 billion years old Prokaryotic heterotrophs (Archaea and Bacteria) Secured ATP through anaerobic pathways TERM 10
The Protozoic Eon (2.7 BYA) was the origin of
what? What gas accumulated in the
atmosphere?
DEFINITION 10 Origin of Photosynthetic Eubacteria First noncyclic pathway, then cyclic pathway Oxygen accumulated in the atmosphere Origin of aerobic respiration
What are Archaebacteria?
Extreme-condition prokaryotes Lack peptidoglycan in cell walls Thought to have split from bacteria 2 million years ago? TERM 17
Traits of Bacteria:
DEFINITION 17 Strong cell walls Simpler gene structure Contains most modern prokaryotes Most abundant organisms on Earth Extract nitrogen from the air Responsible for many forms of disease TERM 18
How many different groups of Bacteria are
there?
DEFINITION 18 12-15 different groups TERM 19
What are the 4 Kingdoms that are part of
Domain Eukarya?
DEFINITION 19 Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia TERM 20
Who came up with the Theory of
Endosymbiosis? What is it?
DEFINITION 20 Lynn Morgulis Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the descendents of free-living prokaryotic organisms Prokaryotes were engulfed by early eukaryotes and became permanent internal symbionts
What are the advantages of organelles?
True nucleus protects genes from competition with foreign DNA Same with Endoplasmic reticulum Evolved in the Proterozoic TERM 22
How do Eukaryotic cells reproduce?
DEFINITION 22 Sexually, allowing for genetic recombination. TERM 23
What fosters specialization?
DEFINITION 23 Multicellularity TERM 24
Why can Viruses not be placed in any of the
kingdoms?
DEFINITION 24 They are not organisms Literally parasitic chemicals, DNA or RNA trapped in a protein TERM 25
Where can viruses only reproduce?
DEFINITION 25 Within living cells
