Download Anatomy & Physiology Terms: Cardiac, Chest, Abdominal, & Joint Injuries and more Quizzes Geriatrics in PDF only on Docsity!
(Ch.27) cardiac tamponade (pericardial
tamponade)
compression of the heart as a result of buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac, leading to decreased cardiac output TERM 2
closed chest injury
DEFINITION 2 an injury to the chest in which the skin is not broken, usually caused by blunt trauma TERM 3
commotio cordis
DEFINITION 3 a blunt chest injury caused by a sudden, direct blow to the chest that occurs only during the critical portion of a person's heartbeat TERM 4
flail chest
DEFINITION 4 a condition in which two or more ribs are fractured in two or more places or in association with a fracture of the sternum so that a segment of the chest wall is effectively detached from the rest of the thoracic cage TERM 5
flutter valve
DEFINITION 5 one-way valve that allows air to leave the chest cavity but not return; formed by taping three sides of an occlusive dressing to the chest wall, leaving the fourth side open as a valve
hempneumothorax
accumulation of blood and air in the pleural space of the chest TERM 7
hemothorax
DEFINITION 7 a collection of blood in the pleural cavity TERM 8
myocadrial contusion
DEFINITION 8 a bruise of the heart muscle TERM 9
occlusive dressing
DEFINITION 9 a dressing made of Vaseline-impregnated gauze, aluminum foil, or plastic that protects a wound from air and bacteria TERM 10
open chest injury
DEFINITION 10 an injury to the chest in which the chest wall itself is penetrated by a fractured rib or, more frequently, by an external object such as bullet or knife
simple pneumothorax
any pneumothorax that is free from significant physiologic changes and does not cause drastic changes in the vital signs of the patient TERM 17
spontaneous pneumothorax
DEFINITION 17 a pneumothorax that occurs when a weak area on the lung ruptures in the absence of major injury, allowing air to leak into the pleural space TERM 18
sucking chest wound
DEFINITION 18 an open or penetrating chest wall wound through which air passes during inspiration and expiration, creating a sucking sound TERM 19
tachypnea
DEFINITION 19 rapid respirations TERM 20
tension pneumothorax
DEFINITION 20 an accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity that progressively increases pressure in the chest that interferes with cardiac function with potentially fatal results
traumatic asphyxia
a pattern of injuries seen after a severe force is applied to the chest, forcing blood from the great vessels back into the head and neck TERM 22
(Ch.28) closed abdominal injury
DEFINITION 22 an injury in which there is soft-tissue damage inside the body but the skin remains intact TERM 23
evisceration
DEFINITION 23 displacement of organs outside of the body TERM 24
flank
DEFINITION 24 the posterior region below the margin of the lower rib cages TERM 25
guarding
DEFINITION 25 contracting the stomach muscles to minimize the pain of the abdominal movement; a sign of peritonitis
(Ch.29) acromioclavicular (AC)
joint
a simple joint where the bony projections of the scapula and the clavicle meet at the top of the shoulder TERM 32
articular cartilage
DEFINITION 32 a pearly layer of specialized cartilage covering the articular surfaces (contact surfaces on the ends) of bones in synovial joints TERM 33
calcaneus
DEFINITION 33 the heel bone TERM 34
closed fracture
DEFINITION 34 a fracture in which the skin is not broken TERM 35
compartment syndrome
DEFINITION 35 an elevation of pressure within a closed fascial compartment, characterized by extreme pain, decreased pain sensation, pain on stretching of affected muscles, and decreased power; frequently seen in fractures below the elbow or knee in children
crepitus
a grating or grinding sensation or sound caused by fractured bone ends or joints rubbing together TERM 37
dislocation
DEFINITION 37 disruption of a joint in which ligaments are damaged and the bone ends are completely displaced TERM 38
displaced fracture
DEFINITION 38 a fracture in which bone fragments are separated from one another and not in anatomic alignment TERM 39
ecchymosis
DEFINITION 39 bruising or discoloration associated with bleeding within or under the skin TERM 40
fibula
DEFINITION 40 the outer and smaller bone of the two bones of the lower leg
pelvic binders
used to splint the bony pelvis to reduce hemorrhage from bone ends, venous disruption, and pain TERM 47
point
tenderness
DEFINITION 47 tenderness that is sharply localized at the site of the injury, found by gently palpating along the bone with the tip of one finger TERM 48
position of function
DEFINITION 48 a hand position in which the wrist is slightly dorsiflexed and all the finger joints are moderately flexed TERM 49
reduce
DEFINITION 49 return a dislocated joint or fractured bone to its normal position; set TERM 50
retroperitoneal space
DEFINITION 50 the space between the abdominal cavity and the posterior abdominal wall, containing the kidneys, certain large vessels, and parts of the gastrointestinal tract
sciatic nerve
the major nerve to the lower extremities; controls much muscle function in the leg and sensation in most of the leg and foot TERM 52
sling
DEFINITION 52 a bandage or material that helps to support the weight of an injured upper extremity TERM 53
splint
DEFINITION 53 a flexible or rigid appliance used to protect and maintain the position of an injured extremity TERM 54
sprain
DEFINITION 54 a joint injury involving damage to supporting ligaments, and sometimes partial or temporary dislocation of bone ends TERM 55
strain
DEFINITION 55 stretching or tearing of a muscle; also called a muscle pull
zone of injury
the area of potentially damaged soft tissue, adjacent nerves, and blood vessels surrounding an injury to a bone or a joint
