Download Chapter 3 | BIOL - Biology 1 - Introduction and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
What is organic? What is inorganic?
LivingNon-living TERM 2
Organic molecules contain both carbon and
hydrogen. 4 categories are:
DEFINITION 2 Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids TERM 3
How many electrons does Carbon have? What
is a Hydrocarbon?
DEFINITION 3 Six electronsA chain of carbons bonded to hydrogen atoms. TERM 4
What are functional groups? What do they
determine?
DEFINITION 4 Specific combinations of bonded atoms that always react in the same manner, regardless of the particular carbon skeleton.Determine polarity of organic molecule. TERM 5
What are isomers?
DEFINITION 5 Organic molecules that have identical molecular formulas but a different arrangement of atoms
What are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and
nucleic acids referred to as?
Macromolecules because of their large size TERM 7
What are the four classes of polymers?
DEFINITION 7 Polysaccharides Triglycerides Polypeptides Nucleic Acids TERM 8
What are monomers?
DEFINITION 8 The basic building blocks of organic molecules TERM 9
Monomers include...:
DEFINITION 9 Simple Sugars Amino Acids Fatty Acids Nucleotides TERM 10
Monomers->___->_____
DEFINITION 10 Monomers -> Polymers -> Organic molecule
What is a Disaccharide? What are some
examples?
Contains two monosaccharides joined during dehydration reaction Sucrose - Glucose & Fructose Maltose - Two Glucose Lactose TERM 17
What are Polysaccharides? What are some
examples?
DEFINITION 17 Polymers of monosaccharides Starch Glycogen (Animal Starch) Cellulose (Cotton, Chitin [crabs & lobsters]) TERM 18
What are some characteristics of Lipids?
DEFINITION 18 Insoluble in water due to hydrocarbon chains Fat provides insulation and energy storage TERM 19
What are 4 categories of Lipids?
DEFINITION 19 Fats and Oils Waxes Phospholipids Steroids TERM 20
What is a Fatty Acid? What are some facts?
DEFINITION 20 A long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end Carboxyl group is a polar group, fatty acids are soluble in water Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds Unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds Fats are solid at room temp, oils are liquid Triglycerides are the most abundant lipid inside body. Triglycerides are stored as droplets in fat that make up Adipose tissue
What are Waxes? What are some facts?
Long chains of fatty acids bonded to a long chain of alcohol. Solid at room temperature High melting point Waterproof Provides protective covering that retards water loss in plants; maintain animal skin and fur. TERM 22
What are the qualities of a phospholipid's
head/tail
DEFINITION 22 Hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails Phosphate group is the polar head Hydrocarbon chains become non-polar tales Bulk of cell plasma membrane consists of phospholipids bilayer. TERM 23
What common waxy fat is a Steroid?
DEFINITION 23 Cholesterol Carried through the bloodstream by certain proteins TERM 24
What are the 3 lipoproteins?
DEFINITION 24 High-density lipoproteins - Good cholesterol Low-density lipoproteins - Bad cholesterol Very low-density - Very bad cholesterol TERM 25
What are the functions of Proteins?
DEFINITION 25 Support - keratin (hair and nails) Enzymes - act as catalyst to speed up chemical reactions Transport - channel and carrier in the plasma membrane and hemoglobin that carries oxygen in red blood cells Defense - antibodies that prevent infection Hormones - insulin, regulates glucose content of blood Motion - myosin and actin make up bulk of muscle
What are two types of nucleic acids?
DNA - stores the genetic code for its own replication RNA - single stranded, translates the genetic code of DNA into the amino acid sequence of proteins. TERM 32
Nucleic acids are the ____ of cells
DEFINITION 32 Information storage devices TERM 33
What is ATP
DEFINITION 33 Adenosine triphosphate A nucleotide used to supply energy to cell TERM 34
What are coenzymes?
DEFINITION 34 Molecules which facilitate enzymatic reactions. TERM 35
What is the structure of DNA and RNA?
DEFINITION 35 Long polymers of repeating subunits called nucleotides Every nucleotide is made up of: Phosphate Pentose sugar Nitrogenous base
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases? What are
the pairings?
Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine A-T G-C TERM 37
What ways do DNA and RNA differ?
DEFINITION 37 DNA contains deoxyribose sugar Nucleotides of RNA contain ribose sugar DNA = base Thymine RNA = base Uracil DNA is double stranded (hydrogen bonds) RNA is single stranded
