Partial preview of the text
Download Neuroanatomy and Neurotransmission: A Glossary of Terms and more Quizzes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!
Individual cells in the nervous system that
receive, integrate, and transmit information
Neurons
TERM 2
cells found throughout the nervous system
that provide various types of support for
neurons
DEFINITION 2
glia
TERM 3
Soma
DEFINITION 3
Cell body; contains the cell nucleus and much of the chemical
machinery common to most cells
TERM 4
Dendrite
DEFINITION 4
the parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive
information
TERM 5
Axon
DEFINITION 5
a long, thin fiber that transmits signals away from the soma
to other neurons or to muscles or glands
Myelin Sheath
insulating material secreted by schwann cells that encases
some axons
TERM 7
Terminal Buttons
DEFINITION 7
small knobs that secrete chemicals called neurotransmitters
TERM 8
Synapse
DEFINITION 8
a junction where information is transmitted form one neuron
to another
TERM 9
Neurotransmitter
DEFINITION 9
chemicals that transmit information from one neuron to
another
TERM 10
Action Potential
DEFINITION 10
a very breif shift in a neuron's electrical charge that travels
along an axon. This is the point at which the charges inside
and outside the neuron are temporarily reversed so that an
axon has a positive charge on the inside and a negative
charge on the outside. The change in charge is caused by the
rapid influx of sodium into the cell.
Which neurotransmitter impacts Alzheimer's
disease?
Acetylcholine (ACh)
TERM 17
Which neurotransmitter impacts depressive
disorders, OCD, and eating disorders?
DEFINITION 17
Serotonin
TERM 18
Which neurotransmitter impacts Parkinsons,
Schizophrenic and addictive disorders?
DEFINITION 18
Dopamine (DA)
TERM 19
Which neurotransmitter resembles opiate
drugs and plays a role in pain relief?
DEFINITION 19
Endorphins
TERM 20
Afferent Neurons
DEFINITION 20
Carry information to the CNS, away from the PNS
Efferent Neurons
Carry information away from the CNS, to the PNS
TERM 22
Somatic Nervous System
DEFINITION 22
made up of nerves that connect to voluntary skeletal
muscles and to sensory receptors. Major division: afferent
and efferent neurons
TERM 23
Autonomic Nervous System
DEFINITION 23
made up of nerves that connect to the heart, blood vessels,
smooth muscles, and glands. Controls mainly unconscious
functions by the CNS
TERM 24
Sympathetic Division (ANS)
DEFINITION 24
mobilizes the body's resources for emergencies
TERM 25
Parasympathetic Division (ANS)
DEFINITION 25
conserves bodily resources
"Master Gland" that regulates other endocrine
glands
Pituitary Gland
TERM 32
Part of the limbic system involved in learning
and memory
DEFINITION 32
Hippocampus
TERM 33
involved in sleep and arousal
DEFINITION 33
Pons
TERM 34
Regulates largely unconscious functions such
as breathing and circulation
DEFINITION 34
Medulla
TERM 35
transmits information b/w brain and body;
simple reflexes
DEFINITION 35
Spinal Cord
group of fibers that carry stimulation related
to sleep & arousal through brainstem
Reticular Formation
TERM 37
Coordinates fine muscle movement and
balance
DEFINITION 37
Cerebellum
TERM 38
relay center for cortex; handles
incoming/outgoing signals
DEFINITION 38
Thalamus
TERM 39
bridge of fibers passing info b/w two cerebral
hemispheres
DEFINITION 39
Corpus Callosum
TERM 40
Endocrine System
DEFINITION 40
Controls bodily functions by secreting chemicals into the
bloodstream. These chemicals, or hormones, are much like
neurotransmitters only they are not as fast and tend to be
less specific and act on many target cells throughout the
body.
