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Flower Anatomy and Angiosperm Reproduction, Quizzes of Biology

Definitions and terms related to the anatomy of flowers and the process of angiosperm reproduction, including the functions of petals, stamens, pistils, and the process of cross pollination. It also covers the structure and function of various plant tissues and organs such as the vascular tissue system, ground tissue system, and meristems.

Typology: Quizzes

2009/2010

Uploaded on 04/25/2010

wcgray78
wcgray78 🇺🇸

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TERM 1
Integuments
DEFINITION 1
Layer of sporophyte tissue that contributes to the structure of
an ovule of a seed plant.
TERM 2
Ovule
DEFINITION 2
A structure that develops within the ovary of a seed plant and
contains the female gametophyte
TERM 3
Pollen Grains
DEFINITION 3
The structures that contain the male gametophyte of seed
plants.
TERM 4
Pollination
DEFINITION 4
The transfer of pollen to the part of the seed plant containing
the ovules, a process that is a prerequisite for fertilization.
TERM 5
Seed
DEFINITION 5
An adaptation for terrestrial plants consisting of an embryo
packaged along with a store of food within a resistant coat.
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Integuments

Layer of sporophyte tissue that contributes to the structure of an ovule of a seed plant. TERM 2

Ovule

DEFINITION 2 A structure that develops within the ovary of a seed plant and contains the female gametophyte TERM 3

Pollen Grains

DEFINITION 3 The structures that contain the male gametophyte of seed plants. TERM 4

Pollination

DEFINITION 4 The transfer of pollen to the part of the seed plant containing the ovules, a process that is a prerequisite for fertilization. TERM 5

Seed

DEFINITION 5 An adaptation for terrestrial plants consisting of an embryo packaged along with a store of food within a resistant coat.

Conifer

A member of the largest gymnosperm phylum. Most conifers are cone-bearing trees, such as pines and firs. TERM 7

Progymnosperms

DEFINITION 7 Extinct seedless vascular plants that may be ancestral to seed plants. TERM 8

Flower

DEFINITION 8 In an angiosperm, a short stem with up to 4 sets of modified leaves, bearing structures that function in sexual reproduction. TERM 9

Sepals

DEFINITION 9 A modified leaf in angiosperms that helps enclose and protect a flower bud before it opens. TERM 10

Petal

DEFINITION 10 A modified leaf of a flowering plant. Petals are the often colorful parts of a flower that advertise it to insects and other pollinators

Style

The stalk of a flower's carpal, with the ovary at the base and the stigma at the top TERM 17

Ovary

DEFINITION 17 The portion of a carpel in which the egg-containing ovules develop. TERM 18

Receptacle

DEFINITION 18 The base of a flower; the part of the stem that is the site of attachment of the floral organs. TERM 19

Pistil

DEFINITION 19 A single carpel or a group of fused carpals. TERM 20

Fruit

DEFINITION 20 A mature ovary of a flower that protects dormant seeds an aids in their dispersal

Pericarp

The thickened wall of a fruit TERM 22

Embryo Sac

DEFINITION 22 The female gametophyte of angiosperms, formed from the growth and division of the megaspore into a multicellular structure with 8 haploid nuclei TERM 23

Cross Pollination

DEFINITION 23 In angiosperms, the transfer of pollen from an anther of a flower on the plant to the stigma of a flower on another plant of the SAME species TERM 24

Micropyle

DEFINITION 24 A pore in the integuments of an ovule TERM 25

Double Fertilization

DEFINITION 25 A mechanism of fertilization in angiosperms, in which 2 sperm cells unite with 2 cells in the embryo sac to form the ZYGOTE and ENDOSPERM.

Basal Angiosperms

The most primitive lineages of flowering plants, including Amborella, water lilies, and star anise and relatives TERM 32

Magnoliids

DEFINITION 32 A flowering plant clade that evolved later than basal angiosperms but before monocots and eudicots. Extant examples are magnolias, laurels, and black pepper plants. TERM 33

(Chapter 35) Plasticity

DEFINITION 33 An organism's ability to alter or "mold" itself in response to local environmental conditions TERM 34

Morphology

DEFINITION 34 The study of the form, structure and configuration of an organism. TERM 35

Organ

DEFINITION 35 A specialized center of body function composed of several different types of tissues

Tissue

An integrated group of cells with a common function, structure, or both. TERM 37

Root System

DEFINITION 37 All of a plant's roots that anchor it in the soil, absorb and transport minerals and water, and store food. TERM 38

Shoot System

DEFINITION 38 The aerial portion of a plant body consisting of stems, leaves and (in angiosperms) flowers. TERM 39

Taproot System

DEFINITION 39 A root system common to eudicots, consisting of one large, vertical root (the taproot) that produces many smaller lateral, or branch, roots. TERM 40

Lateral Roots

DEFINITION 40 A root that arises from the outer-most layer of the pericycle of an established root

Axillary Bud

A structure that has the potential to form a lateral shoot, or branch. The bud appears in the angle formed between a leaf and a stem. TERM 47

Terminal Bud

DEFINITION 47 Embryonic tissue at the tip of a shoot, made up of developing leaves and a compact series of nodes and internodes TERM 48

Apical Dominance

DEFINITION 48 Concentration of growth at the tip of a plant shoot, where a terminal bud partially inhibits axillary bud growth. TERM 49

Leaf

DEFINITION 49 The main photosynthetic organ of vascular plants TERM 50

Blade

DEFINITION 50 (1) A leaflike structure of a seaweed that provides most of the surface area for photosynthesis (2) The flattened portion of a typical leaf.

Petiole

The stalk of a leaf, which joins the leaf to a node of the stem. TERM 52

Veins

DEFINITION 52 A vascular bundle in a leaf. TERM 53

Tissue System

DEFINITION 53 One or more tissues organized into a functional unit connection the organs of a plant. TERM 54

Dermal Tissue System

DEFINITION 54 The outer protective covering for plants. TERM 55

Epidermis

DEFINITION 55 The dermal tissue system of non-woody plants usually consisting of a single layer tightly packed cells.

Stele

The vascular tissue of a stem or root TERM 62

Vascular Cylinder

DEFINITION 62 The central cylinder of vascular tissue in a root. TERM 63

Vascular Bundles

DEFINITION 63 A strand of vascular tissues (both xylem and phloem) in a stem or leaf. TERM 64

Ground Tissue System

DEFINITION 64 Plant tissues that are neither vascular nor dermal, fulfilling a variety of functions, such as storage, photosynthesis, and support TERM 65

Pith

DEFINITION 65 Ground tissue that is internal to the vascular tissue in a stem; in many monocot roots, parenchyma cells that form the central core of the vascular cylinder.

Cortex

Ground tissue that is between the vascular tissue and dermal tissue in a root or dicot stem TERM 67

Protoplast

DEFINITION 67 The contents of a plant cell exclusive of the cell wall. TERM 68

Parenchyma Cell

DEFINITION 68 A relatively unspecialized plant cell type that carries out most of the metabolism, synthesizes and stores organic products and develops into a more differentiated cell type TERM 69

Collenchyma Cell

DEFINITION 69 A flexible plant cell type that occurs in strands or cylinders that support young parts of the plant without restraining growth. TERM 70

Sclerenchyma Cell

DEFINITION 70 a rigid, supportive plant cell type usually lacking protoplasts and possessing thick secondary walls strengthened by lignin at maturity

Sieve Tube Members

A living cell that conducts sugars and other organic nutrients in the phloem of angiosperms TERM 77

Sieve Plates

DEFINITION 77 An end wall in sieve-tube member, which facilitates the flow of phloem sap in angiosperm sieve tubes. TERM 78

Companion Cells

DEFINITION 78 A type of plant cell that is connected to a sieve tube member by many plasmodesmata and whose nucleus and ribosomes may serve one or more adjacent sieve tube members. TERM 79

Indeterminate Growth

DEFINITION 79 A type of growth characteristic of plants, in which the organism continues to grow as long as it lives. TERM 80

Determinate Growth

DEFINITION 80 A type of growth characteristic of most animals and some plant organs, in which growth stops after a certain size is reached.

Annuals

A flowering plant that completes it entire life cycle in a single year or growing season TERM 82

Biennials

DEFINITION 82 A flowering plant that requires two years to complete its life cycle TERM 83

Perennials

DEFINITION 83 A flowering plant that lives for many years TERM 84

Meristems

DEFINITION 84 Plant tissue that remains embryonic as long as the plant lives, allowing or indeterminate growth. TERM 85

Apical Meristems

DEFINITION 85 Embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and in the buds of shoots that supplies cells for the plant to grow in length

Cork Cambium

A cylinder of meristematic tissue in woody plants that places the epidermis with thicker, tougher cork cells. TERM 92

Initials

DEFINITION 92 Cells that remain within an apical meristem as sources of new cells TERM 93

Derivatives

DEFINITION 93 New cells that are displaced from an apical meristem and continue to divide until the cells they produce become specialized. TERM 94

Primary Plant Body

DEFINITION 94 The tissues produced by apical meristems, lengthening stems and roots. TERM 95

Root Cap

DEFINITION 95 A cone of cells at the tip of a plant root that protects the apical meristem

Zone of Cell Division

The zone of primary growth in roots consisting of the root apical meristem and its derivatives. New root cells are produces in this region. TERM 97

Zone of Elongation

DEFINITION 97 The zone of primary growth in roots where new cells elongate, sometimes up to ten times their original length. TERM 98

Zone of Maturation

DEFINITION 98 The zone of primary growth in roots where cells complete their differentiation and become functionally mature TERM 99

Endodermis

DEFINITION 99 The innermost layer of the cortex in plant roots; a cylinder one cell thick that forms the boundary between the cortex and vascular cylinder TERM 100

Leaf of Primordia

DEFINITION 100 Finger-like projections along the flanks of a shoot apical meristem, from which leaves arise