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Anal Stage
The second stage of psychosexual development, when pleasure is derived from retaining and expelling feces. TERM 2
Analytical psychology
DEFINITION 2 An elaborate explanation of human nature that combines ideas from history, mythology, anthropology, and religion. TERM 3
Animus (anima)
DEFINITION 3 The biological and psychological aspects of masculinity and felinity, which are thought to coexist in both sexes. TERM 4
Anxiety
DEFINITION 4 A feeling of impending doom that results from repressed feelings, memories, desires, and experiences emerging to the surface of awareness. from a psychoanalytic perspective, there are three kinds of anxiety:reality, neurotic, and moral anxiety. TERM 5
Archetypes
DEFINITION 5 The images of universal experiences contained in the collective unconscious.
Blank screen
An anonymous stance assumed by classical psychoanalysts aimed at fostering transference. TERM 7
Borderline personality disorder
DEFINITION 7 A disorder characterized by instability, irritability, self- destructive acts, impulsivity, and extreme mood shifts. Such people lack a sense of their own identity and do not have a deep understanding of others. TERM 8
Brief psychodynamic therapy (BPT)
DEFINITION 8 An adaptation of the principles of psychoanalytic their and therapy aimed at treating selective disorders within a reestablished time limit. TERM 9
Classical psychoanalysis
DEFINITION 9 The traditional (Freudian) approach to psychoanalysis based on a long-term exploration of past conflicts, many of which are unconscious, and an extensive process of working through early wounds. TERM 10
Collective unconscious
DEFINITION 10 From a Jungian perspective, the deepest level of the psyche that contains an accumulation of inherited experiences.
Denial
In denial there is an effort to suppress unpleasant reality. It consists of coping with anxiety by "closing our eyes" to the existence of anxiety-producing reality. TERM 17
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
DEFINITION 17 A blend of cognitive behavioral and psychoanalytic techniques that generally involves a minimum of one year of treatment. TERM 18
Displacement
DEFINITION 18 An ego-defense mechanism that entails redirection of some emotion from a real source to a substitute person or object. TERM 19
Dream analysis
DEFINITION 19 A technique for uncovering unconscious material and giving clients insight into some of their unresolved problems. Therapists participate with clients in exploring dreams and interpreting possible meanings. TERM 20
Dream work
DEFINITION 20 The process by which the latent content of a dream is transformed into the less threatening magnifies content.
Ego
The part of the personality that is the mediator between external reality and inner demands. TERM 22
Ego-defense mechanisms
DEFINITION 22 Intrapsychic processes that operate unconsciously to protect the person from threatening and, therefore, anxiety- producing thoughts, feelings, and impulses. TERM 23
Ego Psychology
DEFINITION 23 The psychosocial approach of Erik Erikson, which emphasizes the development of the ego or self at various stages of life. TERM 24
Fixation
DEFINITION 24 The condition of being arrested, or stuck, at one level of psychosexual development. TERM 25
Free association
DEFINITION 25 A primary technique, consisting of spontaneous and uncensored verbalization by the client, which gives clues to the nature of the clients unconscious conflicts.
Individuation
The harmonious integration of the conscious and unconscious aspects of personality. TERM 32
Interpretation
DEFINITION 32 A technique used to explore the meanings of free association, dreams, resistances, and transference feelings. TERM 33
Introjection
DEFINITION 33 A process of taking in the values and standards of others. TERM 34
Latency stage
DEFINITION 34 A period of psychosexual development, following the phallic stage, that is relatively calm before the storm of adolescence. TERM 35
Latent content
DEFINITION 35 Our hidden, symbolic, and unconscious motives, wishes, and fears.
Libido
The instinctual drives of the id and the source of psychic energy; Freudian notion of the life instincts. TERM 37
Life instincts
DEFINITION 37 Instincts oriented toward growth, development, and creativity that serve the purpose of the survival of the individual and the human race. TERM 38
Maintaining the analytic
frame
DEFINITION 38 Refers to a range of procedures, such as an analysts anonymity, regularity, and consistency of meetings, as a structure for therapy. TERM 39
Manifest content
DEFINITION 39 The dream as it appears to the dreamer. TERM 40
Moral
anxiety
DEFINITION 40 The fear of ones own conscience; people with a well- developed conscience tend to feel guilty when they do something contrary to their moral code.
Object relations
Interpersonal relationships as they are represented intrapsychically. TERM 47
Object-relations theory
DEFINITION 47 A newer version of psychoanalytic thinking, which focuses on predictable developmental sequences in which early experiences of self shift in relation to an expanding awareness of others. It holds that individuals go through phases of autism, normal symbiosis, and separation and individuation, culminating in a state of integration. TERM 48
Oral stage
DEFINITION 48 The initial phase of psychosexual development, during which the mouth is the primary source of gratification; a time when the infant is learning to trust or mistrust the world. TERM 49
Persona
DEFINITION 49 The mask we wear, or public face we present, as a way to protect ourselves. TERM 50
Phallic stage
DEFINITION 50 The third phase of psychosexual development, during which the child gains maximum gratification through direct experience with the genitals.
Pleasure principle
The idea that the id is driven to satisfy instinctual needs by reducing tension, avoiding pain, and gaining pleasure. TERM 52
Projection
DEFINITION 52 An ego-defense mechanism that involves attributing our own unacceptable thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and motives to others. TERM 53
Psychodynamic psychotherapy
DEFINITION 53 Psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy involves a shortening and simplifying of the lengthy process of psychoanalysis. TERM 54
Psychodynamics
DEFINITION 54 The interplay of opposing forces and intrapsychic conflicts that provide a basis for understanding human motivation. TERM 55
Psychosexual stages
DEFINITION 55 The Frudian chronological phases of devleopment, beginning in infancy. Each is characterized by a primary way of gaining sensual and sexual gratification.
Realtional Analysis
An analytic model based on the assumption that therapy is an interactive process between client and therapist. The interpersonal analyst assumes that countertransference is a source of information about the clients character and dynamics. TERM 62
Regression
DEFINITION 62 An ego-defense mechanism whereby an individual reverts to a less mature form of behavior as a way of coping with extreme stress. TERM 63
Relational Model
DEFINITION 63 A model that characterizes therapy as an interactive process between client and therapist in which countertransference provides an important source of information about the clients character and dynamics. TERM 64
Repression
DEFINITION 64 The ego-defense mechanism whereby threatening or painful thoughts or feelings are excluded from awareness. TERM 65
Resistance
DEFINITION 65 The clients reluctance to bring to awareness threatening unconscious material that has been repressed.
Self Psychology
A theory that emphasizes how we use interpersonal relationships (self objects) to develop our own sense of self. TERM 67
Shadow
DEFINITION 67 A Jungian archetype representing thoughts, feelings, and actions that we tend to disown by projecting them outward. TERM 68
Sublimation
DEFINITION 68 An ego defense that involves diverting sexual or aggressive energy into other channels that are socially acceptable. TERM 69
Superego
DEFINITION 69 That aspect of personality that represents ones moral training. It strives for perfection, not pleasure. TERM 70
Time-Limited Dynamic Psychotherapy (TLDP)
DEFINITION 70 Through this form of psychoanalytically oriented therapy, clients gain a sense of what it is like to interact more fully and flexibly within the therapy situation. They are helped to apply to the outside world what they are learning in the office.
