Chapter 44: Human Effects on the Biosphere - Exam Study Guide, Exams of Biochemistry

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Chapter 44: Human Effects on the

Biosphere

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Updated 2024/

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1. Heavy harvesting of which species during the 1970s reduced the population to about one percent of its original size?: a. Bombus occidentalis , the western bumblebee b. Haliotis sorenseni , the white abalone c. Juga newberryi , a freshwater snail d. Pyrgulopsis owyheensis , a springsnail e. Capnia kersti, a stonefly ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 44.1 Why are so many species threatened or endangered? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
2. A species that is confined to the limited area in which it evolved is: a. endemic b. endangered c. threatened d. extinct e. exotic ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 44.1 Why are so many species threatened or endangered? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
3. A species that faces extinction in all or part of its range is: a. endangered b. threatened c. rare d. endemic e. exotic ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 44.1 Why are so many species threatened or endangered? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
4. The crash of the codfish population and the white abalone are both due to: a. invasive species b. plastics in ocean c. ocean pollutants d. overharvesting e. habitat destruction

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5. Endemic species are more likely to go extinct due to: a. overharvesting b. habitat destruction c. air pollutants d. water pollutants e. invasive species ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 44.1 Why are so many species threatened or endangered? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: New
6. California’s native golden trout declined after European brown trout and eastern brook trout were introduced into California’s mountain streams for sport fishing. This is an example of what type of threat? a. overharvesting b. commercial sporting c. invasive species d. endemic species e. habitat destruction ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 44.1 Why are so many species threatened or endangered? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply NOTES: New
7. Currently, the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) does not monitor threats to: a. vertebrates b. plants c. invertebrates d. mammals e. bacteria ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 44.1 Why are so many species threatened or endangered? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New

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8. The most recent mass extinction on Earth: a. happened 65 million years ago when dinosaurs became extinct b. was 248 million years ago when Pangea formed c. is going on now and is due to human activities d. happened 544 million years ago during a period of massive glaciation e. occurred 360 million years ago, when 70% of marine groups were lost

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NOTES: New

12. The best way to prevent desertification is to avoid farming in areas subject to. a. flooding b. deforestation

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c. acid rain d. high winds and periodic drought e. topsoil buildup ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 44.2 What are the effects of desertification and deforestation? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: New

13. When plowing or grazing removes plants and exposes topsoil to wind erosion, the result is often: a. desertification b. acid rain c. deforestation d. bioaccumulation e. biological magnification ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 44.2 What are the effects of desertification and deforestation? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand
14. Flooding, landslides, soil nutrient loss, and global climate change all result from: a. the introduction of exotic plants b. desertification c. deforestation d. ozone depletion e. biological magnification ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 44.2 What are the effects of desertification and deforestation? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand
15. What happens when plant cover is removed from the ground? a. The ground will be wetter because roots are no longer sucking up water. b. The ground soaks up more water after a rainfall. c. Less rain will fall because of reduced transpiration. d. More species will fill the habitat. e. Lakes and rivers become larger. ANSWER: c POINTS: 1

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a. China b. Europe c. North America d. Tropics e. Russia ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 44.2 What are the effects of desertification and deforestation? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember

17. Plastics that wash into waterways cause problems mainly because they: a. clog gills of fish b. are mistaken for food by marine animals c. are unsightly d. leach toxins e. disturb water flow patterns ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 44.3 How does trash degrade habitats? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
18. Plastic trash often ends up in. a. the ocean b. lakes and rivers c. freshwater aquifers d. deserts e. suburban forested areas ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 44.3 How does trash degrade habitats? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New

Selecting the Exception

19. Four of the five answers are correct ways to reduce the impact of plastic trash. Select the exception. a. Choose durable items over disposable ones. b. Recycle. c. Avoid buying plastic where alternatives exist.

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d. Dispose of waste properly. e. Use plastic shopping bags. ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 44.3 How does trash degrade habitats?

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OTHER: Selecting the Exception

23. Four of these five choices are global consequences of warmer temperatures. Select the exception. a. rising sea levels b. more intense hurricanes c. periods of drought

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d. periods of heavy precipitation e. some species shifting ranges to lower latitudes and elevations ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 44.6 What are the effects of global climate change? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand OTHER: Selecting the Exception

24. Which of these items of garbage have components that will last over 100 years? a. paper b. disposable diaper c. plastic bag d. cigarette filter e. cardboard ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 44.3 How does trash degrade habitats? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
25. One kind of acid rain forms when from coal-fired power plants combines with water vapor in the air. a. nitrogen oxides b. sulfur dioxides c. sulfuric acid d. calcite e. aluminum ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 44.4 What are the effects of acid rain? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
26. What is the result when airborne sulfur and nitrogen oxides coat dust particles? a. wet acid deposition b. dry acid deposition c. a chemical reaction that produces sulfuric and nitric acids d. wet acid deposition and increased soil pH when dust settles e. dry acid deposition and reduced soil pH when dust settles ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 44.4 What are the effects of acid rain?

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c. Northwest d. Northeast e. Midwest ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 44.4 What are the effects of acid rain? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember

28. A single large source of a pollutant is known as a(n) source, while many small sources of pollution are known as sources. a. point; nonpoint b. nonpoint; point c. illegal; legal d. municipal; community e. concentrated; disparate ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 44.4 What are the effects of acid rain? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
29. The pH of unpolluted rainwater is closest to: a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8 e. 10 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 44.4 What are the effects of acid rain? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
30. Natural or man-made substances released into soil, air, or water in greater than natural amounts are called: a. acids b. pollutants c. nutrients d. metals e. chemicals ANSWER: b POINTS: 1

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REFERENCES: Section 44.4 What are the effects of acid rain? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember

31. Concentrations of CFCs in the upper atmosphere are currently: a. rising dramatically

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ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 44.5 What are the effects of ozone depletion and pollution? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember

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35. Which chemicals are the main ozone destroyers? a. sulfur oxides b. nitrogen oxides c. chlorofluorocarbons d. polychlorinated biphenyls e. hydrocarbons ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 44.5 What are the effects of ozone depletion and pollution? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
36. In the past century, warming temperatures have caused sea level to rise: a. 20 centimeters b. 20 feet c. 20 inches d. 2.0 centimeters e. 2 meters ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 44.6 What are the effects of global climate change? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
37. To be precise, global warming is most pronounced at the: a. poles only b. equator only c. temperate regions only d. temperate regions and poles e. equator and poles ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 44.6 What are the effects of global climate change? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
38. Global climate change is caused by and other greenhouse gases. a. ozone b. carbon dioxide c. nitrogen d. oxygen e. argon