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Chapter 5 (Counseling and Helping Relationships)
(Part 2)
A stimulus which accompanies a primary reinforcer takes on reinforcement properties of it's own is known as ______________
a. a primary reinforcer b. covert processing c. secondary reinforcement d. SUDS -
A teenager in a residential facility has earned enough tokens to buy his favorite brand of candy bar. The candy bar is
a. a negative reinforcer b. a backup reinforcer c. an average stimulus d. a conditioned reinforcer -
An alcoholic is given Antabuse, which is a drug that causes nausea when paired with alcohol. This technique is called
a. systematic desensitization b. biofeedback c. back-up reinforcer d. aversive conditioning -
A counselor decides to treat a client's phobia of flying utilizing Wolpe's technique of systematic desensitization. The first step in the anxiety hierarchy items would be
a. imagining that she is calling the airlines for reservations b. imagining that she is boarding the plan c. imagining a flight in an airplane d. an actual flight in an airplane -
A counselor utilizes role-playing combined with a hierarchy of situations in which the client is ordinarily nonassertive. Assertive trainers refer to this as
a. a conscious rehearsal b. behavioral rehearsal c. fixed role therapy d. a and b -
Systematic desensitization involves
a. autogenic training, desensitization in the imagination, and construction of the hierarchy b. relaxation training, construction of anxiety hierarchy, in vivo desensitization in imagination c. relaxation training, desensitization in the imagination, and construction of the hierarchy d. relaxation training, a construction of anxiety hierarchy, desensitization in imagination, and in vivo desensitization -
_______________ is behavioral sex therapy.
a. Classical vegotherapy b. Orgone box therapy c. Conditioned reflex therapy d. Sensate focus -
A counselor has an obese client image that he is terribly sick after eating a high-caloric, high-fat meal. The client then imagines a pleasant scene in which his eating is desirable. This technique is called
a. a behavioral rehearsal b. in vivo sensation c. covert sensitization d. in vivo desensitization -
One distinction between flooding (aka "deliberate exposure with response prevention) and implosive therapy is that
a. implosive therapy is always conducted in the imagination b. flooding is always conducted in the imagination c. flooding is always safer d. implosive therapy is physically more dangerous -
Behavior therapists often shy away from punishment because
a. ACA ethics forbid the use of this technique b. NBCC ethics prohibit the use of operant conditioning c. extinction works more quickly d. the effects of punishment are usually temporary and it teaches aggression -
A neophyte counselor discovers that her clients invariably give yes and no answers to her questions. The problem is most likely that
a. the counselor is sympathetic rather than empathetic b. the counselor is utilizing too many closed-ended questions c. the counselor's timing is poor in terms of interpretation d. she is summarizing too early in the counseling process -
Existential counselors as well as Rogerian person-centered counselors adhere to what Martin Buber called the I- Thou relationship, which asserts that
a. the counselor is seen as a highly trained expert with answers b. the relationship is vertical c. the relationship is horizontal d. empathy is not necessary -
Frankl is an existentialist. So are
a. Ellis and Perls b. Perls and Stampfl c. Yalom and May d. Janov and Beck -
Existentialists speak of three worlds, the Umwelt or the ___________ world, the Mitwelt or the ___________ world, and the Eigenwelt or the _____________ world.
a. unconscious; preconscious; conscious b. id; ego; superego c. self-identity; relationship; physical d. physical; relationship; identity -
Frankl's experience in Nazi concentration camps taught him
a. the value of stimulus response (S-R) psychological paradigms b. that you can't control the environment, but you can control your response c. that blaming others can be truly therapeutic d. the value of active- directive counseling -
Existential counselors emphasize the client's
a. free choice, decision, and will b. transference c. slips of tongue d. latent dream symbolism -
Existential theorists speak of phenomenology, which refers to the client's internal personal experience of events, and ontology which is
a. mental visualization for the treatment of cancer b. ther impact of cancer on emotions c. a cancerous growth in the brain d. the philosophy of being and existing -
Viktor Frankl is to logotherapy as William Glasser is to
a. rational therapy b. reality therapy c. rational - emotive imagery d. RBT -
Reality therapy has incorporated
a. control theory, later referred to as choice theory b. rational imagery c. TA principles d. rolfing -
All of these statements regarding reality therapy are true except:
a. The client's childhood is explored b. Excuses are not accepted c. The unconscious is avoided d. Therapy is concerned primarily with the here and now -
A counselor who repeats what a client has stated in the counselor's own words is using
a. contracting b. confrontation c. paraphrasing d. parroting -
Most experts would agree that ________ is most threatening for clients as well as counselors.
a. paraphrasing b. open-ended questions c. role rehearsal d. silence -
When the past is discussed in reality therapy, the focus is on
a. failures b. irrational internal verbalizations c. transference issues d. successful behaviors -
Glasser's position on mental illness is that
a. it is best explained by DSM guidelines b. diagnostic labels give clients permission to act sick or irresponsible c. it is best explained by ICD categories d. it is the result of a deep internal conflict -
In Albert Ellis's rational-emotive behavior therapy, the client is taught to change cognitions, also known as
a. self-talk b. internal verbalizations c. impulsus d. a and b -
The philosopher most closely related to REBT would be
a. Buber b. Epictetus c. Locke d. Jaspers -
REBT suggests the ABC theory of personality in which A is ____, B is the _____, and C is the ______.
a. affect; belief; control b. activating event; belief system; emotional consequences c. affect; behavior; control d. authenticity; belief; emotional consequences -
The ABC theory of personality postulates that the intervention that occurs at D, __________ leads to E, ____________.
a. the dogmatic attitude; effective behavior b. direct living; evaluation c. disputing the irrational behavior at B; a new emotional consequence d. the emotional disease; a new emotional consequence -
A counselor instructs her client to read A Guide to Rational Living by Albert Ellis and Robert Harper. This is an example of
a. bibliotherapy b. countertransference c. musturbation d. concreteness -
Shoulds and oughts are _______ according to Ellis.
a. musturbations b. masturbations c. awfulizations d. rational -
A client says, "I lost my job and it's the most terrible thing in the world." This client is engaging in
a. rational self-talk b. self-induced empathy c. cognitive restructuring
d. awfulizing and terriblizing, also known as catastrophizing -
Bibliotherapy is a form of homework
a. psychodynamic intervention b. homework c. displacement d. musturbation -
Ellis feels that _____ is at the core of emotional disturbance.
a. a trauma before age 5 b. a current traumatic activating event c. irrational thinking a point B d. repression of key feelings -
Therapeutic cognitive restructuring really refers to
a. refuting irrational ideas and replacing them with rational ones b. keeping a journal of irrational thoughts c. allowing the client to purge feelings d. uncovering relevant unconscious material -
Ellis most likely would not be impressed with a behaviorist's new animal study related to the psychotherapeutic process since
a. he does not believe in the scientific method b. the study would not take transference into account c. Ellis thoroughly dislikes hypothesis testing d. only humans think in declarations (internal sentences that can cause or ward off emotional discord) -
Internal verbalizations are to REBT as ____ ___ ___ ____ are to Glasser's Choice Theory.
a. contracting
b. pictures in your mind
c. lack of punishment
d. a therapeutic plan -
Albert Ellis is to REBT as Maxie C. Maultsby, Jr., is to
a. RBT b. AT c. TA d. S-R research -
TA is a cognitive model of therapy which asserts that healthy communication transactions
a. a.occur where vectors of communication run parallel b. are known as crossed transactions c. are always between the Child and Adult ego states d. are always empathic -
TA life positions were made famous by Tom Harris's book, I'm OK—You're OK. The title of the book illuminates a healthy life position. The life position tells the counselor how a person goes about receiving strokes or recognition. A person categorized by the position "I'm OK—You're Not OK";
a. is generally self-abusive b. blames others for misery c. generally engages in self-mutilation d. is generally suicidal -
A man yells at his wife and then slaps her, stating that she does nothing around the house. The woman begins crying and he puts his arm around her to comfort her. He then begins crying and says that he doesn't know how he can continue doing all the housework because it is too diffi cult. A TA therapist who analyzes the situation using Karpman's triangle would say
a. the man is stuck in the "I'm Not OK - You're not OK" life position
b. the Critical Parent is dominating
c. the man is obviously an adult child of an alcoholic
d. the man has moved from the persecutor, to the rescuer, to the victim role -
d. the man has moved from the persecutor, to the rescuer, to the victim role
A TA counselor and a strict behaviorist are both in the same case conference to staff a client. Which technique would the two most likely agree on when formulating a plan of action?
a. Empty chair technique
b. Ego state analysis
c. Contracting
d. Formal assertiveness training -
c. Contracting
A game is composed of transactions which end in a bad feeling for at least one player. Games are said to prevent true intimacy. Which other statement is true of games?
a. In first-degree game someone gets seriously hurt
b. In a first-degree game the harm is minimal, but the level of harm is quite serious in a third-degree game
c. For a game to occur, three people must be involved
d. Games always involved parallel vectors of communication -
b. In a first-degree game the harm is minimal, but the level of harm is quite serious in a third- degree game
Unpleasant feelings after a person creates a game are called
a. rackets
b. life scripts
c. the Little Professor
d. an analysis of variance -
a. rackets
According to Erick Berne a life script is actually
a. an ulterior transaction
b. an ego state
c. a life drama of plot based on unconscious decisions made early in life
d. a series of parallel transactions -
c. a life drama of plot based on unconscious decisions made early in life
Eric Berne is to TA as Fritz Perls is to
a. the empty chair technique
b. Gestalt therapy
A client says she has a tingling sensation in her hands each time she talks about the probability of marriage. A gestalt therapist would most likely
a. ask the client to recount a dream
b. urge the client to engage in thought stopping
c. prescribe relaxation homework
d. urge the client to stay with the feeling -
d. urge the client to stay with the feeling
Gestalt therapist sometimes utilize the exaggeration experiment which most closely resembles
a. successive approximations
b. paradox as practiced by Frankl, Haley, or Erickson
c. free association
d. paraphrasing with emotional reflection -
b. paradox as practiced by Frankl, Haley, or Erickson
A client undergoing gestalt therapy who states "It is difficult to get a job in New York City" would be asked by the counselor to
a. go to O NET online website which is the replacement for the DOT and is now the nation's primary source occupational information
b. change the verbalization to an "I" statement
c. read the OOH
d. take the Strong interest inventory (SII) -
b. change the verbalization to an "I" statement
Gestalt therapy, a paradigm that focuses on awareness in the here and now incorporates
a. psychodrama
b. Aaron Beck's cognitive therapy, which asserts that maladaptive thinking creates emotional disturbance and this clients should record dysfunctional thoughts
c. conditioned reflex therapy
d. client-centered therapy -
a. psychodrama
According to gestalt therapists, a client who is angry at his wife for leaving him, and who makes a suicide attempt, would be engaging in
a. sublimation
b. a panic reaction
c. retroflection
d. repression -
c. retroflection
Gestalt means
a. a group
b. a form, figure, or configuration unified as a whole
c. a dyad
d. visual acuity -
b. a form, figure, or configuration unified as a whole
Perls suggested _______ which must be peeled away to reach emotional stability.
a. four layers of neurosis
b. three layers of neurosis
c. two layers of neurosis
d. five layers of neurosis -
b. ignores nonverbal behavior
c. often fails to emphasize cognitive concerns
d. uses the making the rounds of technique, which is not appropriate for group work -
c. often fails to emphasize cognitive concerns
Most experts would agree that the peak period of competition between the various school of counseling and therapy was during the ________
a. the late 1970s
b. the late 1960s
c. the 1980s
d. the mid 1950s -
b. the late 1960s
The relationship a client has with a gestalt therapist would most likely progress _______ than the relationship a client would have with a Rogerian counselor.
a. faster
b. slower
c. at the same pace
d. a and b -
b. slower
The school of counseling created by Carl R. Rogers, Ph.D., has undergone three name changes. Initially it was called ______________ then ______________, and in 1974 it changed to _______________.
a. nondirective; client-centered, person-centered
b. directive; nondirective; client centered
c. person-centered; Rogerian, nondirective
d. client-centered; person-centered; non-directive -
a. nondirective; client-centered, person-centered
Roger's approach is characterized as a(n) _______________approach.
a. existential or humanistic
b. cognitive
c. cognitive - behavioral
d. neodynamic -
a. existential or humanistic
Which statements is true of the person-centered approach?
a. Reflection is used a lot yet the counselor rarely gives advice.
b. Advice is given a lot
c. Reflection is rarely utilized
d. Close-ended questions keep the sessions moving at a fast pace -
a. Reflection is used a lot yet the counselor rarely gives advice.
In the person-centered approach, an effective counselor must possess
a. the skill to be confrontational
b. the ability to give advice
c. the ability to do formal psychological testing
d. empathy, congruence, genuineness, and demonstrate unconditional positive regard to create a desirable "I - Thou relationship" -
d. empathy, congruence, genuineness, and demonstrate unconditional positive regard to create a desirable "I - Thou relationship"
Rogers viewed man as
b. three conditions are necessary
Person-centered counseling would prove least effective with
a. a bright verbal male
b. a bright verbal female
c. a graduate student who had a knowledge of phrenology
d. a client who is not very verbal -
d. a client who is not very verbal
Critics of the Rogerian approach feel that
a. it does not emphasize relationship concerns
b. some degree of directiveness is needed after the initial phase of counseling
c. more confrontation is necessary, though Rogers did encourage caring confrontations
d. b and c -
d. b and c
Counselors who work as consultants
a. generally adhere to reality therapy
b. generally adhere to one single theory
c. generally adhere to consultation theory
d. generally do not adhere to on single theory -
d. generally do not adhere to on single theory
Counseling generally occurs in a clinical setting while consultation generally occurs in a _______ setting.
a. group
b. work/organizational
c. continuing care
d. residential -
b. work/organizational
Attending behavior that is verbal is also called
a. verbal tracking
b. clarifying
c. reflection
d. paraphrasing -
a. verbal tracking
The counselor's social power is related to
a. age
b. expertise, attractiveness, and trustworthiness
c. sex and age
d. degree of directiveness -
b. expertise, attractiveness, and trustworthiness
Key areas that often cause problems for counselor self-image are
a. choice of a modality and a learning disability
b. age and lack of doctoral degree
c. lack of NCC
d. competence, power, and intimacy -
d. competence, power, and intimacy
